Large moments in bcc FexCoyMnz ternary alloy thin films

Snow, R. J.; Bhatkar, H.; N'Diaye, A. T.; Arenholz, E.; Idzerda, Y. U.

doi:10.1063/1.5006347

Title: Large moments in bcc Fe_xCo_yMn_z ternary alloy thin films

Abstract

The elemental magnetic moments and the average atomic moment of 10-20 nm thick single crystal bcc (bct) Fe_xCo_yMn_z films deposited on MgO(001) have been determined as a function of a broad range of compositions. Thin film epitaxy stabilized the bcc structure for 80% of the available ternary compositional space compared to only a 23% stability region for the bulk. The films that display ferromagnetism represent 60% of the available compositional possibilities compared to 25% for the bulk. A maximum average atomic moment of 3.25 ± 0.3 μ_B/atom was observed for a bcc Fe₉Co₆₂Mn₂₉ film (well above the limit of the Slater-Pauling binary alloy curve of 2.45 μ_B/atom). Furthermore, the Fe_xCo_yMn_z ternary alloys that exhibit high moments can only be synthesized as ultrathin films since the bcc structure is not stable in the bulk for those compositions.

Authors:

Snow, R. J. ^[1]; Bhatkar, H. ^[1];

^[2]; Arenholz, E. ^[2];

^[1]

Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1530335

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1420355

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Physics Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 112; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Snow, R. J., Bhatkar, H., N'Diaye, A. T., Arenholz, E., and Idzerda, Y. U. Large moments in bcc FexCoyMnz ternary alloy thin films.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5006347.

Copy to clipboard


                    Snow, R. J., Bhatkar, H., N'Diaye, A. T., Arenholz, E., & Idzerda, Y. U. Large moments in bcc FexCoyMnz ternary alloy thin films.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5006347

Copy to clipboard


                    Snow, R. J., Bhatkar, H., N'Diaye, A. T., Arenholz, E., and Idzerda, Y. U. Mon .  
"Large moments in bcc FexCoyMnz ternary alloy thin films".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5006347.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1530335.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1530335,

  title        = {Large moments in bcc FexCoyMnz ternary alloy thin films},

  author       = {Snow, R. J. and Bhatkar, H. and N'Diaye, A. T. and Arenholz, E. and Idzerda, Y. U.},

  abstractNote = {The elemental magnetic moments and the average atomic moment of 10-20 nm thick single crystal bcc (bct) FexCoyMnz films deposited on MgO(001) have been determined as a function of a broad range of compositions. Thin film epitaxy stabilized the bcc structure for 80% of the available ternary compositional space compared to only a 23% stability region for the bulk. The films that display ferromagnetism represent 60% of the available compositional possibilities compared to 25% for the bulk. A maximum average atomic moment of 3.25 ± 0.3 μB/atom was observed for a bcc Fe9Co62Mn29 film (well above the limit of the Slater-Pauling binary alloy curve of 2.45 μB/atom). Furthermore, the FexCoyMnz ternary alloys that exhibit high moments can only be synthesized as ultrathin films since the bcc structure is not stable in the bulk for those compositions.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5006347},

  journal      = {Applied Physics Letters},

  number       = 7,

  volume       = 112,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2018},

  month        = {Mon Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2018}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5006347

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 9 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1: The average total atomic moment (independent of atom type) for 10 nm Fe_xCo_yMn_z films on MgO(001) as a function of composition. The green crosses represent the measured data points.

All figures and tables (3 total)

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Epitaxial bcc Fe _x Co _{1− x} alloy films on ZnSe(001)
journal, November 1992

Gutierrez, C. J.; Krebs, J. J.; Prinz, G. A.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 61, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1063/1.108157

In-plane magnetic anisotropy of bcc Co on GaAs(001)
journal, May 1998

Wu, Y. Z.; Ding, H. F.; Jing, C.
Physical Review B, Vol. 57, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.11935

On the structural changes accompanying the fcc/hcp martensitic transformation in Fe–Mn–Co alloys
journal, June 2002

Marinelli, Pablo; Sade, Marcos; Fernández Guillermet, Armando
Scripta Materialia, Vol. 46, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00080-5

Generalized Slater-Pauling curve for transition-metal magnets
journal, September 1983

Williams, A.; Moruzzi, V.; Malozemoff, A.
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 19, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.1983.1062706

Molecular beam epitaxial growth of single‐crystal Fe films on GaAs
journal, September 1981

Prinz, G. A.; Krebs, J. J.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.92750

Probing the spinor nature of electronic states in nanosize non-collinear magnets
journal, October 2016

Fischer, Jeison A.; Sandratskii, Leonid M.; Phark, Soo-Hyon
Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13000

Elastic instability of bcc cobalt
journal, April 1993

Liu, Amy Y.; Singh, David J.
Physical Review B, Vol. 47, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.8515

Spin transfer torques
journal, April 2008

Ralph, D. C.; Stiles, M. D.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 320, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.12.019

Les moments ferro-magnétiques des éléments et le système périodique
journal, January 1932

Sadron, Charles
Annales de Physique, Vol. 10, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1051/anphys/193210170371

The behaviour of nanostructured magnetic materials produced by depositing gas-phase nanoparticles
journal, November 2005

Binns, C.; Trohidou, K. N.; Bansmann, J.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 38, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/38/22/R01

Ab-initio calculations of the electronic structure of impurities and alloys of ferromagnetic transition metals
journal, November 1991

Dederichs, P. H.; Zeller, R.; Akai, H.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 100, Issue 1-3
DOI: 10.1016/0304-8853(91)90823-S

Magnetic Properties of fcc γ-Phase in the Ternary Co-Mn-Fe System
journal, August 1973

Matsui, Masaaki; Sato, Kiyoo; Adachi, Kengo
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 35, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1143/JPSJ.35.419

Electronic properties of Fe, Co, and Mn ultrathin films at the interface with MgO(001)
journal, October 2005

Sicot, M.; Andrieu, S.; Bertran, F.
Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.144414

La saturation absolue des ferromagnétiques et les lois d'approche en fonction du champ et de la température
journal, January 1929

Weiss, Pierre; Forrer, R.
Annales de Physique, Vol. 10, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1051/anphys/192910120279

Future Options for HDD Storage
journal, October 2009

Shiroishi, Y.; Fukuda, K.; Tagawa, I.
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 45, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2024879

How to Define and Calculate the Degree of Spin Polarization in Ferromagnets
journal, August 1999

Mazin, I. I.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1427

A review of high magnetic moment thin films for microscale and nanotechnology applications
journal, February 2016

Scheunert, G.; Heinonen, O.; Hardeman, R.
Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 3, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.4941311

Effect of Mn content on the austenite–martensite phases and magnetic properties in Fe–Mn–Co alloys
journal, October 2011

Sarı, U.; Kırındı, T.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 130, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.07.063

Probing interfacial properties of ferromagnetic/insulator bilayers with X-ray spectroscopies: Application to Fe, Co, Mn/MgO(001) interfaces
journal, January 2006

Sicot, M.; Andrieu, Stéphane; Bertran, F.
Materials Science and Engineering: B, Vol. 126, Issue 2-3
DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2005.09.058

Enhanced moments in bcc Co1−Mn on MgO(001)
journal, December 2016

Snow, R. J.; Bhatkar, H.; N'Diaye, A. T.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 419
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.06.072

Stabilization of bcc Co via Epitaxial Growth on GaAs
journal, March 1985

Prinz, G. A.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 54, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1051

Elemental moment variation of bcc FexMn1−x on MgO(001)
journal, February 2017

Bhatkar, H.; Snow, R. J.; Arenholz, E.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 423
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.09.060

Magnetic structure of ${Co}_{1 - x} {Mn}_{x}$ alloys
journal, April 2001

Wu, D.; Liu, G. L.; Jing, C.
Physical Review B, Vol. 63, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.214403

Electronic structure and magnetism of metastable bcc Co(001)
journal, November 1986

Lee, J. I.; Fu, C. L.; Freeman, A. J.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 62, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0304-8853(86)90739-0

bcc cobalt: Metastable phase or forced structure?
journal, May 1993

Liu, Amy Y.; Singh, David J.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 73, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.352693

Thermodynamics of the Co-Fe-Mn System
journal, January 1990

Huang, Weiming
Calphad, Vol. 14, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0364-5916(90)90035-X

Transition between fundamental magnetic behaviors revealed by generalized Slater–Pauling construction
journal, March 1984

Williams, A. R.; Malozemoff, A. P.; Moruzzi, V. L.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 55, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1063/1.333662

Moment mapping of body-centered-cubic Fe _x Mn _1−x alloy films on MgO(001)
journal, May 2015

Idzerda, Y. U.; Bhatkar, H.; Arenholz, E.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1063/1.4914127

Electronic Structure of Alloys
journal, June 1937

Slater, J. C.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1063/1.1710311

The Nature of the Interatomic Forces in Metals
journal, December 1938

Pauling, Linus
Physical Review, Vol. 54, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.54.899

Magnetization of ultrathin bcc Fe films on MgO
journal, January 1993

Huang, Y. Y.; Liu, C.; Felcher, G. P.
Physical Review B, Vol. 47, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.183

Exchange-spring behavior in epitaxial hard/soft magnetic bilayers
journal, November 1998

Fullerton, Eric E.; Jiang, J. S.; Grimsditch, M.
Physical Review B, Vol. 58, Issue 18
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12193

Magnetic moments and short-range order in CoMn and NiMn alloys
journal, February 1995

Cable, J. W.; Tsunoda, Y.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 140-144
DOI: 10.1016/0304-8853(94)01137-0

Exchange-Spring Behavior in Epitaxial Hard/Soft Magnetic Bilayers
conference, January 1998

Jiang, J. S.; Fullerton, E. E.; Grimsditch, M.
7th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference. Abstracts (Cat. No.98CH36275)
DOI: 10.1109/intmag.1998.735488

Figures / Tables found in this record:

Fig. 1 (p. 4)

Fig. 2 (p. 5)

Fig. 3 (p. 6)

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Moment mapping of body-centered-cubic Fe{sub x}Mn{sub 1−x} alloy films on MgO(001)

Journal Article Idzerda, Y. U., E-mail: idzerda@physics.montana.edu ; Bhatkar, H. ; Arenholz, E. - Journal of Applied Physics

The alloy composition and elemental magnetic moments of bcc single crystal films of compositionally graded Fe{sub x}Mn{sub 1−x} films (20 nm thick films with 0.8 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) grown on MgO(001) are spatially mapped using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism. Electron diffraction measurements on single composition samples confirmed that the structure of Fe{sub x}Mn{sub 1−x} films remained epitaxial and in the bcc phase from 0.65 ≤ x ≤ 1, but rotated 45° with respect to the MgO(001) surface net. This is beyond the bulk bcc stability limit of x = 0.88. The Fe moment is found to gradually reduce with increasing Mn content with a very abrupt declinemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914127
Study of Electronic Structure, Magnetism, and Half-Metallicity of New Heusler Compounds CsTmO{sub 2} (Tm = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu)

Journal Article Hajizadeh, F. ; Ahmadian, F., E-mail: farzad.ahmadian@gmail.com, E-mail: ahmadian@iaush.ac.ir - Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism

The density functional calculations were performed using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method for new Heusler alloys CsTmO{sub 2} (Tm = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu). All compounds were stable in FM AlCu{sub 2}Mn-type structure. Results revealed that these alloys can be experimentally synthesized according to the calculated cohesive and formation energies. CsTmO{sub 2} (Tm = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) alloys in AlCu{sub 2}Mn-type and CuHg{sub 2}Ti-type structures were half-metallic ferromagnets. The origin of half-metallicity in CsNiO{sub 2} alloy was also discussed. The total magnetic moment of CsTmO{sub 2} (Tm = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) alloysmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/S10948-018-4620-0
Computational investigation of half-Heusler compounds for spintronics applications

Journal Article Ma, Jianhua ; Hegde, Vinay I. ; Munira, Kamaram ; ... - Physical Review B

We present first-principles density functional calculations of the electronic structure, magnetism, and structural stability of 378 XYZ half-Heusler compounds (with X= Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh; Y=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni; Z= Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, P, As, Sb). We find that a “Slater-Pauling gap” in the density of states (i.e., a gap or pseudogap after nine states in the three atom primitive cell) in at least one spin channel is a common feature in half-Heusler compounds. We find that the presence of such a gap at the Fermi energy in one or both spinmore »« less
Cited by 97
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.024411

Full Text Available
Electronic Structure, Elastic, Magnetic, and Optical Properties of Fe{sub 2}MnZ (Z = Si, Ge, and Sn) Full Heusler Alloys: First-Principle Calculations

Journal Article Jain, Vivek Kumar ; Lakshmi, N., E-mail: nlakshmi@mlsu.ac.in ; Jain, Rakesh ; ... - Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism

Investigations of the electronic structure, elastic, magnetic, and optical properties of Fe{sub 2}MnZ (Z = Si, Ge, and Sn) full Heusler alloys show mechanical stability with cubic symmetry in all three alloys. They are elastically anisotropic and Fe{sub 2}MnSi is ductile whereas Fe{sub 2}MnGe and Fe{sub 2}MnSn are brittle in nature. The value of total magnetic moment is 3 μ{sub B} for Fe{sub 2}MnSi and Fe{sub 2}MnGe at their equilibrium lattice constants and follows the Slater–Pauling curve. Fe{sub 2}MnSn possess the largest magnetic moment among the three with a value of 5.73 μ{sub B} at equilibrium lattice constant. Fe{sub 2}MnSimore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/S10948-018-4751-3
Large moments in BCC FExCOyMNz and other alloy thin films

Patent Snow, Ryan L. ; Idzerda, Yves U. ; Arenholz, Elke

Large magnetic moment compositions are formed by stabilizing ternary or other alloys with a epitaxial control layer. Compositions that are unstable in bulk specimen are thus stabilized and exhibit magnetic moments that are greater that a Slater-Pauling limit. In one example, FexCoyMnz layers are produced on an MgO(001) substrate with an MgO surface serving to control the structure of the FexCoyMnz layers. Magnetizations greater than 3 Bohr magnetons are produced.
Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Large moments in bcc FexCoyMnz ternary alloy thin films

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Epitaxial bcc Fe x Co 1− x alloy films on ZnSe(001) journal, November 1992

In-plane magnetic anisotropy of bcc Co on GaAs(001) journal, May 1998

On the structural changes accompanying the fcc/hcp martensitic transformation in Fe–Mn–Co alloys journal, June 2002

Generalized Slater-Pauling curve for transition-metal magnets journal, September 1983

Molecular beam epitaxial growth of single‐crystal Fe films on GaAs journal, September 1981

Probing the spinor nature of electronic states in nanosize non-collinear magnets journal, October 2016

Elastic instability of bcc cobalt journal, April 1993

Spin transfer torques journal, April 2008

Les moments ferro-magnétiques des éléments et le système périodique journal, January 1932

The behaviour of nanostructured magnetic materials produced by depositing gas-phase nanoparticles journal, November 2005

Ab-initio calculations of the electronic structure of impurities and alloys of ferromagnetic transition metals journal, November 1991

Magnetic Properties of fcc γ-Phase in the Ternary Co-Mn-Fe System journal, August 1973

Electronic properties of Fe, Co, and Mn ultrathin films at the interface with MgO(001) journal, October 2005

La saturation absolue des ferromagnétiques et les lois d'approche en fonction du champ et de la température journal, January 1929

Future Options for HDD Storage journal, October 2009

How to Define and Calculate the Degree of Spin Polarization in Ferromagnets journal, August 1999

A review of high magnetic moment thin films for microscale and nanotechnology applications journal, February 2016

Effect of Mn content on the austenite–martensite phases and magnetic properties in Fe–Mn–Co alloys journal, October 2011

Probing interfacial properties of ferromagnetic/insulator bilayers with X-ray spectroscopies: Application to Fe, Co, Mn/MgO(001) interfaces journal, January 2006

Enhanced moments in bcc Co1−Mn on MgO(001) journal, December 2016

Stabilization of bcc Co via Epitaxial Growth on GaAs journal, March 1985

Elemental moment variation of bcc FexMn1−x on MgO(001) journal, February 2017

Magnetic structure of Co 1 − x Mn x alloys journal, April 2001

Electronic structure and magnetism of metastable bcc Co(001) journal, November 1986

bcc cobalt: Metastable phase or forced structure? journal, May 1993

Thermodynamics of the Co-Fe-Mn System journal, January 1990

Transition between fundamental magnetic behaviors revealed by generalized Slater–Pauling construction journal, March 1984

Moment mapping of body-centered-cubic Fe x Mn 1−x alloy films on MgO(001) journal, May 2015

Electronic Structure of Alloys journal, June 1937

The Nature of the Interatomic Forces in Metals journal, December 1938

Magnetization of ultrathin bcc Fe films on MgO journal, January 1993

Exchange-spring behavior in epitaxial hard/soft magnetic bilayers journal, November 1998

Magnetic moments and short-range order in CoMn and NiMn alloys journal, February 1995

Exchange-Spring Behavior in Epitaxial Hard/Soft Magnetic Bilayers conference, January 1998

Title: Large moments in bcc Fe_xCo_yMn_z ternary alloy thin films

Epitaxial bcc Fe _x Co _{1− x} alloy films on ZnSe(001)
journal, November 1992

In-plane magnetic anisotropy of bcc Co on GaAs(001)
journal, May 1998

On the structural changes accompanying the fcc/hcp martensitic transformation in Fe–Mn–Co alloys
journal, June 2002

Generalized Slater-Pauling curve for transition-metal magnets
journal, September 1983

Molecular beam epitaxial growth of single‐crystal Fe films on GaAs
journal, September 1981

Probing the spinor nature of electronic states in nanosize non-collinear magnets
journal, October 2016

Elastic instability of bcc cobalt
journal, April 1993

Spin transfer torques
journal, April 2008

Les moments ferro-magnétiques des éléments et le système périodique
journal, January 1932

The behaviour of nanostructured magnetic materials produced by depositing gas-phase nanoparticles
journal, November 2005

Ab-initio calculations of the electronic structure of impurities and alloys of ferromagnetic transition metals
journal, November 1991

Magnetic Properties of fcc γ-Phase in the Ternary Co-Mn-Fe System
journal, August 1973

Electronic properties of Fe, Co, and Mn ultrathin films at the interface with MgO(001)
journal, October 2005

La saturation absolue des ferromagnétiques et les lois d'approche en fonction du champ et de la température
journal, January 1929

Future Options for HDD Storage
journal, October 2009

How to Define and Calculate the Degree of Spin Polarization in Ferromagnets
journal, August 1999

A review of high magnetic moment thin films for microscale and nanotechnology applications
journal, February 2016

Effect of Mn content on the austenite–martensite phases and magnetic properties in Fe–Mn–Co alloys
journal, October 2011

Probing interfacial properties of ferromagnetic/insulator bilayers with X-ray spectroscopies: Application to Fe, Co, Mn/MgO(001) interfaces
journal, January 2006

Enhanced moments in bcc Co1−Mn on MgO(001)
journal, December 2016

Stabilization of bcc Co via Epitaxial Growth on GaAs
journal, March 1985

Elemental moment variation of bcc FexMn1−x on MgO(001)
journal, February 2017

Magnetic structure of ${Co}_{1 - x} {Mn}_{x}$ alloys
journal, April 2001

Electronic structure and magnetism of metastable bcc Co(001)
journal, November 1986

bcc cobalt: Metastable phase or forced structure?
journal, May 1993

Thermodynamics of the Co-Fe-Mn System
journal, January 1990

Transition between fundamental magnetic behaviors revealed by generalized Slater–Pauling construction
journal, March 1984

Moment mapping of body-centered-cubic Fe _x Mn _1−x alloy films on MgO(001)
journal, May 2015

Electronic Structure of Alloys
journal, June 1937

The Nature of the Interatomic Forces in Metals
journal, December 1938

Magnetization of ultrathin bcc Fe films on MgO
journal, January 1993

Exchange-spring behavior in epitaxial hard/soft magnetic bilayers
journal, November 1998

Magnetic moments and short-range order in CoMn and NiMn alloys
journal, February 1995

Exchange-Spring Behavior in Epitaxial Hard/Soft Magnetic Bilayers
conference, January 1998