Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets

Woo, Seonghoon; Litzius, Kai; Krüger, Benjamin; Im, Mi-Young; Caretta, Lucas; Richter, Kornel; Mann, Maxwell; Krone, Andrea; Reeve, Robert M.; Weigand, Markus; Agrawal, Parnika; Lemesh, Ivan; Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad; Fischer, Peter; Kläui, Mathias; Beach, Geoffrey S.  D.

doi:10.1038/nmat4593

Title: Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets

Abstract

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that exhibit fascinating physical behaviours and large potential in highly energy-efficient spintronic device applications. The main obstacles so far are that skyrmions have been observed in only a few exotic materials and at low temperatures, and fast current-driven motion of individual skyrmions has not yet been achieved. Here, we report the observation of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature in ultrathin transition metal ferromagnets with magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to generate stable skyrmion lattices and drive trains of individual skyrmions by short current pulses along a magnetic racetrack at speeds exceeding 100 m s^-1 as required for applications. Our findings provide experimental evidence of recent predictions and open the door to room-temperature skyrmion spintronics in robust thin-film heterostructures.

Authors:

^[1]; Litzius, Kai ^[2]; Krüger, Benjamin ^[2]; Im, Mi-Young ^[3]; Caretta, Lucas ^[1]; Richter, Kornel ^[2]; Mann, Maxwell ^[1]; Krone, Andrea ^[2]; Reeve, Robert M. ^[2]; Weigand, Markus ^[4]; Agrawal, Parnika ^[1];

^[1]; Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad ^[5];

^[6];

^[2];

^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United State)
Max Planck Inst. for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart (Germany)
Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany); Max Planck Inst. for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United State); Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Feb 29 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1530237

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 15; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1476-1122

Publisher:: Springer Nature - Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Woo, Seonghoon, Litzius, Kai, Krüger, Benjamin, Im, Mi-Young, Caretta, Lucas, Richter, Kornel, Mann, Maxwell, Krone, Andrea, Reeve, Robert M., Weigand, Markus, Agrawal, Parnika, Lemesh, Ivan, Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad, Fischer, Peter, Kläui, Mathias, and Beach, Geoffrey S.  D. Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/nmat4593.

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                    Woo, Seonghoon, Litzius, Kai, Krüger, Benjamin, Im, Mi-Young, Caretta, Lucas, Richter, Kornel, Mann, Maxwell, Krone, Andrea, Reeve, Robert M., Weigand, Markus, Agrawal, Parnika, Lemesh, Ivan, Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad, Fischer, Peter, Kläui, Mathias, & Beach, Geoffrey S.  D. Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4593

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                    Woo, Seonghoon, Litzius, Kai, Krüger, Benjamin, Im, Mi-Young, Caretta, Lucas, Richter, Kornel, Mann, Maxwell, Krone, Andrea, Reeve, Robert M., Weigand, Markus, Agrawal, Parnika, Lemesh, Ivan, Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad, Fischer, Peter, Kläui, Mathias, and Beach, Geoffrey S.  D. Mon .  
"Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4593.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1530237.

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@article{osti_1530237,

  title        = {Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets},

  author       = {Woo, Seonghoon and Litzius, Kai and Krüger, Benjamin and Im, Mi-Young and Caretta, Lucas and Richter, Kornel and Mann, Maxwell and Krone, Andrea and Reeve, Robert M. and Weigand, Markus and Agrawal, Parnika and Lemesh, Ivan and Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad and Fischer, Peter and Kläui, Mathias and Beach, Geoffrey S.  D.},

  abstractNote = {Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that exhibit fascinating physical behaviours and large potential in highly energy-efficient spintronic device applications. The main obstacles so far are that skyrmions have been observed in only a few exotic materials and at low temperatures, and fast current-driven motion of individual skyrmions has not yet been achieved. Here, we report the observation of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature in ultrathin transition metal ferromagnets with magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to generate stable skyrmion lattices and drive trains of individual skyrmions by short current pulses along a magnetic racetrack at speeds exceeding 100 m s-1 as required for applications. Our findings provide experimental evidence of recent predictions and open the door to room-temperature skyrmion spintronics in robust thin-film heterostructures.},

  doi          = {10.1038/nmat4593},

  journal      = {Nature Materials},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 15,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Feb 29 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Mon Feb 29 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Thermal skyrmion diffusion used in a reshuffler device
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Zázvorka, Jakub; Jakobs, Florian; Heinze, Daniel
Nature Publishing Group
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Thermal Decay of a Single Néel Skyrmion via Helicity Slip in a Nanodisk
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Frontiers of magnetic force microscopy
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Pure spin currents in magnetically ordered insulator/normal metal heterostructures
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Topological Hall and spin Hall effects in disordered skyrmionic textures
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Tunable Room Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt Multilayers
text, January 2016

Soumyanarayanan, Anjan; Raju, M.; Oyarce, A. L. Gonzalez
arXiv
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Interface-driven topological Hall effect in SrRuO$_3$-SrIrO$_3$ bilayer
text, January 2016

Matsuno, J.; Ogawa, N.; Yasuda, K.
arXiv
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Skyrmion dynamics in a frustrated ferromagnetic film and current-induced helicity locking-unlocking transition
text, January 2017

Zhang, Xichao; Xia, Jing; Zhou, Yan
arXiv
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Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy
text, January 2017

Woo, Seonghoon; Song, Kyung Mee; Zhang, Xichao
arXiv
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Laser-Induced Skyrmion Writing and Erasing in an Ultrafast Cryo-Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy
text, January 2017

Berruto, G.; Madan, I.; Murooka, Y.
arXiv
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Observation of Magnetic Radial Vortex Nucleation in a Multilayer Stack with Tunable Anisotropy
text, January 2017

Karakas, Vedat; Gokce, Aisha; Habiboglu, Ali Taha
arXiv
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Encoding Neural and Synaptic Functionalities in Electron Spin: A Pathway to Efficient Neuromorphic Computing
preprint, January 2017

Sengupta, Abhronil; Roy, Kaushik
arXiv
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Magnetic skyrmion bubble motion driven by surface acoustic waves
text, January 2017

Nepal, Rabindra; Güngördü, Utkan; Kovalev, Alexey A.
arXiv
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Hybrid chiral domain walls and skyrmions in magnetic multilayers
text, January 2017

Legrand, William; Chauleau, Jean-Yves; Maccariello, Davide
arXiv
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Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems
text, January 2018

Manchon, A.; Zelezný, J.; Miron, I. M.
arXiv
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Magnetoentropic signatures of skyrmionic phase behavior in FeGe
text, January 2018

Bocarsly, Joshua D.; Need, Ryan F.; Seshadri, Ram
arXiv
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Wiggling skyrmion propagation under parametric pumping
text, January 2018

Yuan, H. Y.; Wang, X. S.; Yung, Man-Hong
arXiv
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Skyrmions and antiskyrmions in quasi-two-dimensional magnets
text, January 2018

Kovalev, Alexey A.; Sandhoefner, Shane
arXiv
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Symmetry-Breaking Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions in Synthetic Antiferromagnets
text, January 2018

Fernández-Pacheco, Amalio; Vedmedenko, Elena; Ummelen, Fanny
arXiv
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Observation of magnetic skyrmions in unpatterned symmetric multilayers at room temperature and zero magnetic field
preprint, January 2018

Brandão, J.; Dugato, D. A.; Seeger, R. L.
arXiv
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Disordering, Clustering, and Laning Transitions in Particle Systems with Dispersion in the Magnus Term
text, January 2018

Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Reichhardt, C.
arXiv
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Quantitative imaging of hybrid chiral spin textures in magnetic multilayer systems by Lorentz microscopy
text, January 2019

Fallon, K.; McVitie, S.; Legrand, W.
arXiv
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Individual skyrmion manipulation by local magnetic field gradients
text, January 2019

Casiraghi, Arianna; Corte-León, Héctor; Vafaee, Mehran
arXiv
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Current-Driven Skyrmion Dynamics and Drive-Dependent Skyrmion Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Film
text, January 2019

Juge, Roméo; Je, Soong-Geun; Chaves, Dayane de Souza
arXiv
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Topological Hall Effect in a Topological Insulator Interfaced with a Magnetic Insulator
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Li, Peng; Ding, Jinjun; Zhang, Steven S. -L.
Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 1
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Fernández-Pacheco, Amalio; Streubel, Robert; Fruchart, Olivier
Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Squirming motion of baby skyrmions in nematic fluids
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Ackerman, Paul J.; Boyle, Timothy; Smalyukh, Ivan I.
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Current-induced viscoelastic topological unwinding of metastable skyrmion strings
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Kagawa, Fumitaka; Oike, Hiroshi; Koshibae, Wataru
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Skyrmion dynamics in a frustrated ferromagnetic film and current-induced helicity locking-unlocking transition
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Zhang, Xichao; Xia, Jing; Zhou, Yan
Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Current-driven dynamics and inhibition of the skyrmion Hall effect of ferrimagnetic skyrmions in GdFeCo films
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Woo, Seonghoon; Song, Kyung Mee; Zhang, Xichao
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Magnetostatic twists in room-temperature skyrmions explored by nitrogen-vacancy center spin texture reconstruction
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Dovzhenko, Y.; Casola, F.; Schlotter, S.
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The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature
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Raju, M.; Yagil, A.; Soumyanarayanan, Anjan
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Dynamics of the Bloch point in an asymmetric permalloy disk
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Im, Mi-Young; Han, Hee-Sung; Jung, Min-Seung
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Author Correction: Universality of defect-skyrmion interaction profiles
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Fernandes, Imara Lima; Bouaziz, Juba; Blügel, Stefan
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Isolated zero field sub-10 nm skyrmions in ultrathin Co films
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Meyer, Sebastian; Perini, Marco; von Malottki, Stephan
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Formation and current-induced motion of synthetic antiferromagnetic skyrmion bubbles
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Creation and annihilation of topological meron pairs in in-plane magnetized films
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Gao, N.; Je, S. -G.; Im, M. -Y.
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Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction arising from rare-earth orbital magnetism in insulating magnetic oxides
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Caretta, Lucas; Rosenberg, Ethan; Büttner, Felix
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Equilibrium Skyrmion Lattice Ground State in a Polar Easy-plane Magnet
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Bordács, S.; Butykai, A.; Szigeti, B. G.
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Nucleation and annihilation of skyrmions in Mn2CoAl observed through the topological Hall effect
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Ludbrook, B. M.; Dubuis, G.; Puichaud, A. -H.
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Inertia-driven resonant excitation of a magnetic skyrmion
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Shiino, Takayuki; Kim, Kab-Jin; Lee, Ki-Suk
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Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications
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Büttner, Felix; Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S. D.
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Distinct magnetic field dependence of Néel skyrmion sizes in ultrathin nanodots
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Tejo, F.; Riveros, A.; Escrig, J.
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Skyrmion Lattice Topological Hall Effect near Room Temperature
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Leroux, Maxime; Stolt, Matthew J.; Jin, Song
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Baćani, Mirko; Marioni, Miguel A.; Schwenk, Johannes
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Spin Torque Efficiency and Analytic Error Rate Estimates of Skyrmion Racetrack Memory
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Suess, Dieter; Vogler, Christoph; Bruckner, Florian
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Koshibae, Wataru; Nagaosa, Naoto
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Direct current-tunable MHz to multi-GHz skyrmion generation and control
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Takeuchi, Akihito; Mizushima, Shigeyasu; Mochizuki, Masahito
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Current-induced shuttlecock-like movement of non-axisymmetric chiral skyrmions
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Sugimoto, Satoshi; Koshibae, Wataru; Kasai, Shinya
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Spin-Hall nano-oscillator with oblique magnetization and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction as generator of skyrmions and nonreciprocal spin-waves
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Kim, Junhoe; Yang, Jaehak; Cho, Young-Jun
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Defect-correlated skyrmions and controllable generation in perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB ultrathin films
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Yin, Haihong; Zheng, Xiangyu; Wang, Junlin
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Muratov, Cyrill B.; Slastikov, Valeriy V.
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Layer effects on the magnetic textures in magnets with local inversion asymmetry
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Tomasello, Riccardo; Sanchez-Tejerina, Luis; Lopez-Dominguez, Victor
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Microscopic theory of spin-orbit torques in two dimensions
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Ado, I. A.; Tretiakov, Oleg A.; Titov, M.
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Disordering, clustering, and laning transitions in particle systems with dispersion in the Magnus term
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A theory on skyrmion size and profile
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2018 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG)
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Yang, Kezhou; Malhotra, Akul; Lu, Sen
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Matsuno, Jobu; Ogawa, Naoki; Yasuda, Kenji
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Direct imaging of an inhomogeneous electric current distribution using the trajectory of magnetic half-skyrmions
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Multi-color imaging of magnetic Co/Pt heterostructures
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Willems, Felix; Korff Schmising, Clemens Von; Weder, David
Technische Universität Berlin
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Single Chiral Skyrmions in Ultrathin Magnetic Films
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Aranda, Arantxa; Guslienko, Konstantin
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Characterization of a Disordered above Room Temperature Skyrmion Material Co8Zn8Mn4
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Henderson, Melissa E.; Beare, James; Sharma, Sudarshan
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Thermally stable magnetic skyrmions in multilayer synthetic antiferromagnetic racetracks
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Zhang, Xichao; Ezawa, Motohiko; Zhou, Yan
arXiv
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Voltage controlled core reversal of fixed magnetic skyrmions without a magnetic field
text, January 2016

Bhattacharya, Dhritiman; Al-Rashid, Md Mamun; Atulasimha, Jayasimha
arXiv
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Microscopic theory of spin-orbit torques and skyrmion dynamics
text, January 2016

Ado, I. A.; Tretiakov, O. A.; Titov, M.
arXiv
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Edge states and skyrmion dynamics in nanostripes of frustrated magnets
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Leonov, A. O.; Mostovoy, M.
arXiv
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Reversible Vector Ratchets for Skyrmion Systems
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Ma, X.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson; Reichhardt, C.
arXiv
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Current-induced skyrmion generation and dynamics in symmetric bilayers
text, January 2016

Hrabec, Ales; Sampaio, Joao; Belmeguenai, Mohamed
arXiv
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Imaging the Spin Texture of a Skyrmion Under Ambient Conditions Using an Atomic-Sized Sensor
preprint, January 2016

Dovzhenko, Yuliya; Casola, Francesco; Schlotter, Sarah
arXiv
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Paths to collapse for isolated skyrmions in few-monolayer ferromagnetic films
text, January 2017

Stosic, Dusan; Mulkers, Jeroen; Van Waeyenberge, Bartel
arXiv
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Pinning and hysteresis in the field dependent diameter evolution of skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir superlattice stacks
preprint, January 2017

Zeissler, K.; Mruczkiewicz, M.; Finizio, S.
arXiv
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Analytical and numerical $K_u - B$ phase diagrams for cobalt nanostructures: stability region for a Bloch skyrmion
text, January 2017

Riveros, A.; Vidal-Silva, N.; Tejo, F.
arXiv
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Observation of Magnetic Radial Vortex Nucleation in a Multilayer Stack with Tunable Anisotropy
text, January 2017

Karakas, Vedat; Gokce, Aisha; Habiboglu, Ali Taha
arXiv
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Stabilization of magnetic skyrmions by RKKY interactions
text, January 2017

Bezvershenko, Alla V.; Kolezhuk, Alexei K.; Ivanov, Boris A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1710.08000

Composite topological structure of domain walls in synthetic antiferromagnets
text, January 2017

Kolesnikov, A. G.; Plotnikov, V. S.; Pustovalov, E. V.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1710.10968

Hybrid chiral domain walls and skyrmions in magnetic multilayers
text, January 2017

Legrand, William; Chauleau, Jean-Yves; Maccariello, Davide
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1712.05978

Micromagnetic understanding of the skyrmion Hall angle current dependence in perpendicular magnetized ferromagnets
text, January 2018

Tomasello, Riccardo; Giordano, Anna; Chiappini, Stefano
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.01476

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at disordered interfaces from ab initio theory: robustness against intermixing and tunability through dusting
text, January 2018

Zimmermann, Bernd; Legrand, William; Maccariello, Davide
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.04680

Magnetic domain wall Skyrmions
text, January 2018

Cheng, Ran; Li, Maxwell; Sapkota, Arjun
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1809.02730

Selective Activation of an Isolated Magnetic Skyrmion in a Ferromagnet with Microwave Electric Fields
text, January 2018

Takeuchi, Akihito; Mochizuki, Masahito
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.01606

Reversible to Irreversible Transitions in Periodically Driven Skyrmion Systems
text, January 2018

Brown, B. L.; Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.06629

Thermoelectric microscopy of magnetic skyrmions
preprint, January 2019

Iguchi, Ryo; Kasai, Shinya; Koshikawa, Kazushige
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.01037

Current-Driven Dynamics of Magnetic Hopfions
text, January 2019

Wang, X. S.; Qaiumzadeh, A.; Brataas, A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.09154

Defect-implantation for the all-electrical detection of non-collinear spin-textures
preprint, January 2019

Fernandes, Imara Lima; Bouhassoune, Mohammed; Lounis, Samir
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1906.08838

Dynamics of an elliptical ferromagnetic skyrmion driven by the spin-orbit torque
text, January 2019

Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xichao; Ezawa, Motohiko
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1910.09341

The spin Hall effect of Bi-Sb alloys driven by thermally excited Dirac-like electrons
text, January 2019

Chi, Zhendong; Lau, Yong-Chang; Xu, Xiandong
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1910.12433

Formation of zero-field Skyrmion arrays in asymmetric superlattices
text, January 2019

Li, Maxwell; Rai, Anish; Pokhrel, Ashok
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1911.03578

Manipulating the Topology of Nanoscale Skyrmion Bubbles by Spatially Geometric Confinement
preprint, January 2019

Hou, Zhipeng; Zhang, Qiang; Xu, Guizhou
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1911.10700

Shapiro Steps and Nonlinear Skyrmion Hall Angles For dc and ac Driven Skyrmions on a Two Dimensional Periodic Substrate
text, January 2020

Vizarim, N. P.; Reichhardt, C.; Venegas, P. A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2003.04395

A spiking neuron constructed by the skyrmion-based spin torque nano-oscillator
text, January 2020

Liang, Xue; Zhang, Xichao; Xia, Jing
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2003.10651

Anisotropic skyrmion diffusion controlled by field-induced symmetry breaking
text, January 2020

Kerber, Nico; Weißenhofer, Markus; Raab, Klaus
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2004.07976

Skyrmion Pinball and Directed Motion on Obstacle Arrays
preprint, January 2020

Vizarim, N. P.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Venegas, P. A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2004.10819

Current-Induced Dynamics of Chiral Magnetic Structures: Creation, Motion, and Applications
text, January 2020

Masell, Jan; Everschor-Sitte, Karin
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2004.13535

Dynamic Excitations of Chiral Magnetic Textures
text, January 2020

Lonsky, Martin; Hoffmann, Axel
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2008.11821

Skyrmions as quasiparticles: free energy and entropy
text, January 2020

Schick, Daniel; Weißenhofer, Markus; Rózsa, Levente
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2012.14688

Current-induced dynamics of skyrmion tubes in synthetic antiferromagnetic multilayers
text, January 2021

Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xichao; Mak, Kai-Yu
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2102.01252

Statics and Dynamics of Skyrmions Interacting with Pinning: A Review
text, January 2021

Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Milosevic, M. V.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2102.10464

Stability of highly-twisted Skyrmions from contact topology
preprint, January 2021

Hu, Yichen; Machon, Thomas
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2102.13126

Identifying magnetic antiskyrmions while they form with convolutional neural networks
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Araz, Jack Y.; Criado, Juan Carlos; Spannowsky, Michael
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2205.11535

Entropy-limited topological protection of skyrmions
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Wild, Johannes; Meier, Thomas N. G.; Pöllath, Simon
Universität Regensburg
DOI: 10.5283/epub.36589

Quantum Dynamics of Skyrmions in Chiral Magnets
text, January 2017

Psaroudaki, Christina; Hoffman, Silas; Klinovaja, Jelena
American Physical Society
DOI: 10.5451/unibas-ep60919

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Title: Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets

Abstract

Citation Formats

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultralow Current Densities journal, December 2010

A thermodynamic theory of “weak” ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics journal, January 1958

Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry journal, May 2007

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls journal, June 2013

Chirality-Induced Asymmetric Magnetic Nucleation in Pt / Co / AlO x Ultrathin Microstructures journal, July 2014

Skyrmions on the track journal, March 2013

Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in constricted geometries journal, September 2013

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet journal, February 2009

On the theory of the domain structure of thin films of magnetically uni-axial materials journal, July 1958

Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures journal, October 2013

Chiral spin torque at magnetic domain walls journal, June 2013

Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films journal, December 2012

Universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets journal, February 2013

Skyrmion lattice in the doped semiconductor Fe 1 − x Co x Si journal, January 2010

Interface control of the magnetic chirality in CoFeB/MgO heterostructures with heavy-metal underlayers journal, August 2014

Skyrmion flow near room temperature in an ultralow current density journal, January 2012

Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions journal, July 2011

Spontaneous skyrmion ground states in magnetic metals journal, August 2006

Enhanced spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures journal, November 2014

Magnetostatic energy and magnetization process in multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy journal, June 1992

Real-Space Observation of Helical Spin Order journal, January 2006

Role of B diffusion in the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Ta / Co 20 F e 60 B 20 / MgO nanowires journal, January 2015

Near room-temperature formation of a skyrmion crystal in thin-films of the helimagnet FeGe journal, December 2010

Spin Hall torque magnetometry of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls journal, November 2014

Anisotropic Superexchange Interaction and Weak Ferromagnetism journal, October 1960

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction accounting for the orientation of magnetic domains in ultrathin films: Fe/W(110) journal, October 2008

Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles journal, June 2015

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet journal, February 2012

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal journal, June 2010

Role of Anisotropic Exchange Interactions in Determining the Properties of Spin-Glasses journal, June 1980

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet text, January 2009

Skyrmion Lattice in a Doped Semiconductor text, January 2009

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultra-low Current Densities text, January 2010

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls text, January 2013

Significant Strain-Induced Orbital Reconstruction and Strong Interfacial Magnetism in TiNi(Nb)/Ferromagnet/Oxide Heterostructures via Oxygen Manipulation journal, July 2018

Observation of Robust Néel Skyrmions in Metallic PtMnGa journal, November 2019

Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions in metallic films and multilayers: a new twist for spintronics journal, June 2016

Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications journal, June 2017

Magnetic antiskyrmions above room temperature in tetragonal Heusler materials journal, August 2017

Chirality-driven orbital magnetic moments as a new probe for topological magnetic structures journal, December 2016

Edge states and skyrmion dynamics in nanostripes of frustrated magnets journal, February 2017

Tunable room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers journal, July 2017

Electric control of skyrmions journal, November 2016

Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect journal, September 2016

Squirming motion of baby skyrmions in nematic fluids journal, September 2017

Current-induced viscoelastic topological unwinding of metastable skyrmion strings journal, November 2017

Manipulation of skyrmion motion by magnetic field gradients journal, May 2018

Universality of defect-skyrmion interaction profiles journal, October 2018

The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature journal, March 2019

Dynamics of the Bloch point in an asymmetric permalloy disk journal, February 2019

Isolated zero field sub-10 nm skyrmions in ultrathin Co films journal, August 2019

Long-range chiral exchange interaction in synthetic antiferromagnets journal, June 2019

Symmetry-breaking interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions in synthetic antiferromagnets journal, June 2019

Transformation between meron and skyrmion topological spin textures in a chiral magnet journal, December 2018

Inertia-driven resonant excitation of a magnetic skyrmion journal, October 2017

Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications journal, March 2018

Composite topological structure of domain walls in synthetic antiferromagnets journal, October 2018

Observation of magnetic skyrmions in unpatterned symmetric multilayers at room temperature and zero magnetic field journal, March 2019

Direct current-tunable MHz to multi-GHz skyrmion generation and control journal, July 2019

Current-induced shuttlecock-like movement of non-axisymmetric chiral skyrmions journal, January 2020

Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy journal, May 2018

Creation of artificial skyrmions and antiskyrmions by anisotropy engineering journal, August 2016

Voltage controlled core reversal of fixed magnetic skyrmions without a magnetic field journal, August 2016

Efficient skyrmion transport mediated by a voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy gradient journal, January 2018

Controlled modification of skyrmion information in a three-terminal racetrack memory journal, January 2019

Multi-color imaging of magnetic Co/Pt heterostructures journal, January 2017

Controlled creation of nanometric skyrmions using external magnetic fields journal, August 2017

A repulsive skyrmion chain as a guiding track for a racetrack memory journal, November 2018

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/Ru multilayer films journal, March 2018

Skyrmion states in thin confined polygonal nanostructures journal, March 2018

Stray field signatures of Néel textured skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayer films journal, May 2018

X-ray ptychography on low-dimensional hard-condensed matter materials journal, March 2019

Magnetoelectric coupling and the manipulation of magnetic Bloch skyrmions journal, September 2018

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at disordered interfaces from ab initio theory: Robustness against intermixing and tunability through dusting journal, December 2018

Enhanced spin–orbit torque via interface engineering in Pt/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures journal, March 2019

Route to form skyrmions in soft magnetic films journal, August 2019

Magnetic domain size tuning in asymmetric Pd/Co/W/Pd multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy journal, October 2019

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultralow Current Densities
journal, December 2010

A thermodynamic theory of “weak” ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics
journal, January 1958

Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry
journal, May 2007

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls
journal, June 2013

Chirality-Induced Asymmetric Magnetic Nucleation in $Pt / Co / {AlO}_{x}$ Ultrathin Microstructures
journal, July 2014

Skyrmions on the track
journal, March 2013

Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in constricted geometries
journal, September 2013

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet
journal, February 2009

On the theory of the domain structure of thin films of magnetically uni-axial materials
journal, July 1958

Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures
journal, October 2013

Chiral spin torque at magnetic domain walls
journal, June 2013

Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films
journal, December 2012

Universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets
journal, February 2013

Skyrmion lattice in the doped semiconductor ${Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x} Si$
journal, January 2010

Interface control of the magnetic chirality in CoFeB/MgO heterostructures with heavy-metal underlayers
journal, August 2014

Skyrmion flow near room temperature in an ultralow current density
journal, January 2012

Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions
journal, July 2011

Spontaneous skyrmion ground states in magnetic metals
journal, August 2006

Enhanced spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures
journal, November 2014

Magnetostatic energy and magnetization process in multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy
journal, June 1992

Real-Space Observation of Helical Spin Order
journal, January 2006

Role of B diffusion in the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in $Ta / {Co}_{20} F e_{60} B_{20} / MgO$ nanowires
journal, January 2015

Near room-temperature formation of a skyrmion crystal in thin-films of the helimagnet FeGe
journal, December 2010

Spin Hall torque magnetometry of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls
journal, November 2014

Anisotropic Superexchange Interaction and Weak Ferromagnetism
journal, October 1960

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction accounting for the orientation of magnetic domains in ultrathin films: Fe/W(110)
journal, October 2008

Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles
journal, June 2015

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet
journal, February 2012

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal
journal, June 2010

Role of Anisotropic Exchange Interactions in Determining the Properties of Spin-Glasses
journal, June 1980

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet
text, January 2009

Skyrmion Lattice in a Doped Semiconductor
text, January 2009

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultra-low Current Densities
text, January 2010

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls
text, January 2013

Significant Strain-Induced Orbital Reconstruction and Strong Interfacial Magnetism in TiNi(Nb)/Ferromagnet/Oxide Heterostructures via Oxygen Manipulation
journal, July 2018

Observation of Robust Néel Skyrmions in Metallic PtMnGa
journal, November 2019

Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions in metallic films and multilayers: a new twist for spintronics
journal, June 2016

Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications
journal, June 2017

Magnetic antiskyrmions above room temperature in tetragonal Heusler materials
journal, August 2017

Chirality-driven orbital magnetic moments as a new probe for topological magnetic structures
journal, December 2016

Edge states and skyrmion dynamics in nanostripes of frustrated magnets
journal, February 2017

Tunable room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers
journal, July 2017

Electric control of skyrmions
journal, November 2016

Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect
journal, September 2016

Squirming motion of baby skyrmions in nematic fluids
journal, September 2017

Current-induced viscoelastic topological unwinding of metastable skyrmion strings
journal, November 2017

Manipulation of skyrmion motion by magnetic field gradients
journal, May 2018

Universality of defect-skyrmion interaction profiles
journal, October 2018

The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature
journal, March 2019

Dynamics of the Bloch point in an asymmetric permalloy disk
journal, February 2019

Isolated zero field sub-10 nm skyrmions in ultrathin Co films
journal, August 2019

Long-range chiral exchange interaction in synthetic antiferromagnets
journal, June 2019

Symmetry-breaking interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions in synthetic antiferromagnets
journal, June 2019

Transformation between meron and skyrmion topological spin textures in a chiral magnet
journal, December 2018

Inertia-driven resonant excitation of a magnetic skyrmion
journal, October 2017

Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications
journal, March 2018

Composite topological structure of domain walls in synthetic antiferromagnets
journal, October 2018

Observation of magnetic skyrmions in unpatterned symmetric multilayers at room temperature and zero magnetic field
journal, March 2019

Direct current-tunable MHz to multi-GHz skyrmion generation and control
journal, July 2019

Current-induced shuttlecock-like movement of non-axisymmetric chiral skyrmions
journal, January 2020

Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy
journal, May 2018

Creation of artificial skyrmions and antiskyrmions by anisotropy engineering
journal, August 2016

Voltage controlled core reversal of fixed magnetic skyrmions without a magnetic field
journal, August 2016

Efficient skyrmion transport mediated by a voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy gradient
journal, January 2018

Controlled modification of skyrmion information in a three-terminal racetrack memory
journal, January 2019

Multi-color imaging of magnetic Co/Pt heterostructures
journal, January 2017

Controlled creation of nanometric skyrmions using external magnetic fields
journal, August 2017

A repulsive skyrmion chain as a guiding track for a racetrack memory
journal, November 2018

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/Ru multilayer films
journal, March 2018

Skyrmion states in thin confined polygonal nanostructures
journal, March 2018

Stray field signatures of Néel textured skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayer films
journal, May 2018

X-ray ptychography on low-dimensional hard-condensed matter materials
journal, March 2019

Magnetoelectric coupling and the manipulation of magnetic Bloch skyrmions
journal, September 2018

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at disordered interfaces from ab initio theory: Robustness against intermixing and tunability through dusting
journal, December 2018

Enhanced spin–orbit torque via interface engineering in Pt/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures
journal, March 2019

Route to form skyrmions in soft magnetic films
journal, August 2019

Magnetic domain size tuning in asymmetric Pd/Co/W/Pd multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
journal, October 2019

Launching a new dimension with 3D magnetic nanostructures
journal, January 2020

Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction between ferromagnetic insulator and heavy metal
journal, February 2020

Collective spin excitations of helices and magnetic skyrmions: review and perspectives of magnonics in non-centrosymmetric magnets
journal, June 2017