Quasi-Ballistic Thermal Transport Across MoS2 Thin Films
Abstract
Layered two-dimensional (2D) materials have highly anisotropic thermal properties between the in-plane and cross-plane directions. Conventionally, it is thought that cross-plane thermal conductivities (κz) are low, and therefore c-axis phonon mean free paths (MFPs) are small. Here, we measure κz across MoS2 films of varying thickness (20–240 nm) and uncover evidence of very long c-axis phonon MFPs at room temperature in these layered semiconductors. Experimental data obtained using time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) are in good agreement with first-principles density functional theory (DFT). These calculations suggest that ~50% of the heat is carried by phonons with MFP > 200 nm, exceeding kinetic theory estimates by nearly 2 orders of magnitude. Because of quasi-ballistic effects, the κz of nanometer-thin films of MoS2 scales with their thickness and the volumetric thermal resistance asymptotes to a nonzero value, ~10 m2 K GW–1. This contributes as much as 30% to the total thermal resistance of a 20 nm thick film, the rest being limited by thermal interface resistance with the SiO2 substrate and top-side aluminum transducer. Furthermore, these findings are essential for understanding heat flow across nanometer-thin films of MoS2 for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[3];
[1];
[6];
[4]
- Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
- Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
- Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
- Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); Northrop Grumman Corp., Redondo Beach, CA (United States)
- Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Ikerbasque, Bilbao (Spain)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1529115
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 1542883; FA9550-14-1-0251; EEC-1449548; AC02-76SF00515
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nano Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 19; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1530-6984
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; phonon; mean free path; MoS2; cross-plane; thermal conductivity; time-domain thermoreflectance
Citation Formats
Sood, Aditya, Xiong, Feng, Chen, Shunda, Cheaito, Ramez, Lian, Feifei, Asheghi, Mehdi, Cui, Yi, Donadio, Davide, Goodson, Kenneth E., and Pop, Eric. Quasi-Ballistic Thermal Transport Across MoS2 Thin Films. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05174.
Sood, Aditya, Xiong, Feng, Chen, Shunda, Cheaito, Ramez, Lian, Feifei, Asheghi, Mehdi, Cui, Yi, Donadio, Davide, Goodson, Kenneth E., & Pop, Eric. Quasi-Ballistic Thermal Transport Across MoS2 Thin Films. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05174
Sood, Aditya, Xiong, Feng, Chen, Shunda, Cheaito, Ramez, Lian, Feifei, Asheghi, Mehdi, Cui, Yi, Donadio, Davide, Goodson, Kenneth E., and Pop, Eric. Wed .
"Quasi-Ballistic Thermal Transport Across MoS2 Thin Films". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05174. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1529115.
@article{osti_1529115,
title = {Quasi-Ballistic Thermal Transport Across MoS2 Thin Films},
author = {Sood, Aditya and Xiong, Feng and Chen, Shunda and Cheaito, Ramez and Lian, Feifei and Asheghi, Mehdi and Cui, Yi and Donadio, Davide and Goodson, Kenneth E. and Pop, Eric},
abstractNote = {Layered two-dimensional (2D) materials have highly anisotropic thermal properties between the in-plane and cross-plane directions. Conventionally, it is thought that cross-plane thermal conductivities (κz) are low, and therefore c-axis phonon mean free paths (MFPs) are small. Here, we measure κz across MoS2 films of varying thickness (20–240 nm) and uncover evidence of very long c-axis phonon MFPs at room temperature in these layered semiconductors. Experimental data obtained using time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) are in good agreement with first-principles density functional theory (DFT). These calculations suggest that ~50% of the heat is carried by phonons with MFP > 200 nm, exceeding kinetic theory estimates by nearly 2 orders of magnitude. Because of quasi-ballistic effects, the κz of nanometer-thin films of MoS2 scales with their thickness and the volumetric thermal resistance asymptotes to a nonzero value, ~10 m2 K GW–1. This contributes as much as 30% to the total thermal resistance of a 20 nm thick film, the rest being limited by thermal interface resistance with the SiO2 substrate and top-side aluminum transducer. Furthermore, these findings are essential for understanding heat flow across nanometer-thin films of MoS2 for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05174},
journal = {Nano Letters},
number = 4,
volume = 19,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Wed Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 48 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Phonon mean free path of graphite along the c -axis
journal, February 2014
- Wei, Zhiyong; Yang, Juekuan; Chen, Weiyu
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 8
Thermal phonon boundary scattering in anisotropic thin films
journal, November 2015
- Minnich, A. J.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 18
Heat transport in silicon from first-principles calculations
journal, August 2011
- Esfarjani, Keivan; Chen, Gang; Stokes, Harold T.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 8
Strongly tunable anisotropic thermal transport in MoS 2 by strain and lithium intercalation: first-principles calculations
journal, March 2019
- Chen, Shunda; Sood, Aditya; Pop, Eric
- 2D Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 2
QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials
journal, September 2009
- Giannozzi, Paolo; Baroni, Stefano; Bonini, Nicola
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 21, Issue 39, Article No. 395502
Temperature-Dependent Thermal Boundary Conductance of Monolayer MoS 2 by Raman Thermometry
journal, November 2017
- Yalon, Eilam; Aslan, Özgür Burak; Smithe, Kirby K. H.
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 49
Specific heat of aluminum from zero to its melting temperature and beyond. Equation for representation of the specific heat of solids
journal, October 1970
- Buyco, Edgar H.; Davis, Fred E.
- Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 15, Issue 4
Few-layer molybdenum disulfide transistors and circuits for high-speed flexible electronics
journal, October 2014
- Cheng, Rui; Jiang, Shan; Chen, Yu
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Pulse accumulation, radial heat conduction, and anisotropic thermal conductivity in pump-probe transient thermoreflectance
journal, November 2008
- Schmidt, Aaron J.; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Chen, Gang
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 79, Issue 11
Interfacial thermal conductance between few to tens of layered-MoS2 and c-Si: Effect of MoS2 thickness
journal, January 2017
- Yuan, Pengyu; Li, Chong; Xu, Shen
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 122
Two-Dimensional Materials for Thermal Management Applications
journal, March 2018
- Song, Houfu; Liu, Jiaman; Liu, Bilu
- Joule, Vol. 2, Issue 3
An electrochemical thermal transistor
journal, October 2018
- Sood, Aditya; Xiong, Feng; Chen, Shunda
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Role of Joule Heating on Current Saturation and Transient Behavior of Graphene Transistors
journal, February 2013
- Islam, Sharnali; Li, Zuanyi; Dorgan, Vincent E.
- IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 2
Lattice dynamics of hexagonal Mo studied by neutron scattering
journal, July 1975
- Wakabayashi, N.; Smith, H. G.; Nicklow, R. M.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 12, Issue 2
Temperature Dependence of Anisotropic Thermal-Conductivity Tensor of Bulk Black Phosphorus
journal, November 2016
- Sun, Bo; Gu, Xiaokun; Zeng, Qingsheng
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 3
S2DS: Physics-based compact model for circuit simulation of two-dimensional semiconductor devices including non-idealities
journal, December 2016
- Suryavanshi, Saurabh V.; Pop, Eric
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 22
Heat Conduction across Monolayer and Few-Layer Graphenes
journal, November 2010
- Koh, Yee Kan; Bae, Myung-Ho; Cahill, David G.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 11, p. 4363-4368
Thermal and Electronic Properties of Exfoliated Metal Chalcogenides
journal, November 2010
- Kim, Jong-Young; Choi, Soon-Mok; Seo, Won-Seon
- Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, Vol. 31, Issue 11
Temperature-Dependent Mean Free Path Spectra of Thermal Phonons Along the c -Axis of Graphite
journal, February 2016
- Zhang, Hang; Chen, Xiangwen; Jho, Young-Dahl
- Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 3
Dramatically enhanced thermoelectric performance of MoS 2 by introducing MoO 2 nanoinclusions
journal, January 2017
- Kong, Shuang; Wu, Tianmin; Yuan, Min
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 5
Nonmonotonic thickness-dependence of in-plane thermal conductivity of few-layered MoS 2 : 2.4 to 37.8 nm
journal, January 2018
- Yuan, Pengyu; Wang, Ridong; Wang, Tianyu
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 40
High Current Density and Low Thermal Conductivity of Atomically Thin Semimetallic WTe 2
journal, July 2016
- Mleczko, Michal J.; Xu, Runjie Lily; Okabe, Kye
- ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 8
Heat capacity and thermal conductivity of hexagonal pyrolytic boron nitride
journal, May 1976
- Sichel, E. K.; Miller, R. E.; Abrahams, M. S.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 13, Issue 10
Anisotropic and inhomogeneous thermal conduction in suspended thin-film polycrystalline diamond
journal, May 2016
- Sood, Aditya; Cho, Jungwan; Hobart, Karl D.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 17
ShengBTE: A solver of the Boltzmann transport equation for phonons
journal, June 2014
- Li, Wu; Carrete, Jesús; A. Katcho, Nebil
- Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 185, Issue 6
Thermal Conductance of the 2D MoS2/h-BN and graphene/h-BN Interfaces
journal, March 2017
- Liu, Yi; Ong, Zhun-Yong; Wu, Jing
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Screening and interlayer coupling in multilayer MoS2
journal, March 2013
- Das, Saptarshi; Appenzeller, Joerg
- physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 4, p. 268-273
Measurement of the anisotropic thermal conductivity of molybdenum disulfide by the time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect
journal, December 2014
- Liu, Jun; Choi, Gyung-Min; Cahill, David G.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 116, Issue 23
The heat capacity of pure silicon and germanium and properties of their vibrational frequency spectra
journal, March 1959
- Flubacher, P.; Leadbetter, A. J.; Morrison, J. A.
- Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 39
Direct Visualization of Thermal Conductivity Suppression Due to Enhanced Phonon Scattering Near Individual Grain Boundaries
journal, April 2018
- Sood, Aditya; Cheaito, Ramez; Bai, Tingyu
- Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 6
Phonons and related crystal properties from density-functional perturbation theory
journal, July 2001
- Baroni, Stefano; de Gironcoli, Stefano; Dal Corso, Andrea
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 73, Issue 2
Cross-plane thermal properties of transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, February 2013
- Muratore, C.; Varshney, V.; Gengler, J. J.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 8
Layer thickness-dependent phonon properties and thermal conductivity of MoS 2
journal, February 2016
- Gu, Xiaokun; Li, Baowen; Yang, Ronggui
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 8
Heating-frequency-dependent thermal conductivity: An analytical solution from diffusive to ballistic regime and its relevance to phonon scattering measurements
journal, April 2015
- Yang, Fan; Dames, Chris
- Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 16
Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations
journal, June 1976
- Monkhorst, Hendrik J.; Pack, James D.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 13, Issue 12, p. 5188-5192
Interfacial Thermal Transport in Monolayer MoS 2 - and Graphene-Based Devices
journal, July 2017
- Yasaei, Poya; Foss, Cameron J.; Karis, Klas
- Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 4, Issue 17
Relativistic separable dual-space Gaussian pseudopotentials from H to Rn
journal, August 1998
- Hartwigsen, C.; Goedecker, S.; Hutter, J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 58, Issue 7
Nonlocal theory for heat transport at high frequencies
journal, November 2014
- Koh, Yee Kan; Cahill, David G.; Sun, Bo
- Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 20
Experimental evidence of very long intrinsic phonon mean free path along the c -axis of graphite
journal, January 2015
- Fu, Qiang; Yang, Juekuan; Chen, Yunfei
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 3
Crystalline coherence length effects on the thermal conductivity of MgO thin films
journal, August 2016
- Meyer, Kelsey E.; Cheaito, Ramez; Paisley, Elizabeth
- Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 51, Issue 23
Energy Dissipation in Monolayer MoS 2 Electronics
journal, May 2017
- Yalon, Eilam; McClellan, Connor J.; Smithe, Kirby K. H.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 6
Tuning thermal conductivity in molybdenum disulfide by electrochemical intercalation
journal, October 2016
- Zhu, Gaohua; Liu, Jun; Zheng, Qiye
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Probing Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides MX 2 (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se) using Time-Domain Thermoreflectance
journal, July 2017
- Jiang, Puqing; Qian, Xin; Gu, Xiaokun
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 36
Interpretation of thermoreflectance measurements with a two-temperature model including non-surface heat deposition
journal, December 2015
- Regner, K. T.; Wei, L. C.; Malen, J. A.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 23
Self-interaction correction to density-functional approximations for many-electron systems
journal, May 1981
- Perdew, J. P.; Zunger, Alex
- Physical Review B, Vol. 23, Issue 10, p. 5048-5079
Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus
journal, October 2015
- Jang, Hyejin; Wood, Joshua D.; Ryder, Christopher R.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 48
Broadband phonon mean free path contributions to thermal conductivity measured using frequency domain thermoreflectance
journal, March 2013
- Regner, Keith T.; Sellan, Daniel P.; Su, Zonghui
- Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Frequency dependence of the thermal conductivity of semiconductor alloys
journal, August 2007
- Koh, Yee Kan; Cahill, David G.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 76, Issue 7
Anisotropic failure of Fourier theory in time-domain thermoreflectance experiments
journal, October 2014
- Wilson, R. B.; Cahill, David G.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
The Heat Conduction Renaissance
conference, May 2018
- Sood, Aditya; Pop, Eric; Asheghi, Mehdi
- 2018 17th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)
Works referencing / citing this record:
Spatially resolved thermoreflectance techniques for thermal conductivity measurements from the nanoscale to the mesoscale
journal, October 2019
- Olson, David H.; Braun, Jeffrey L.; Hopkins, Patrick E.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 15
On the importance of using exact full phonon dispersions for predicting interfacial thermal conductance of layered materials using diffuse mismatch model
journal, November 2019
- Subramanyan, Harish; Kim, Kyunghoon; Lu, Tingyu
- AIP Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 11
Ultrahigh thermal isolation across heterogeneously layered two-dimensional materials
journal, August 2019
- Vaziri, Sam; Yalon, Eilam; Muñoz Rojo, Miguel
- Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 8