Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics

Brown, S. Brennan; Gleason, A. E.; Galtier, E.; Higginbotham, A.; Arnold, B.; Fry, A.; Granados, E.; Hashim, A.; Schroer, C. G.; Schropp, A.; Seiboth, F.; Tavella, F.; Xing, Z.; Mao, W.; Lee, H. J.; Nagler, B.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau8044

Title: Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics

Abstract

Under rapid high-temperature, high-pressure loading, lattices exhibit complex elastic-inelastic responses. The dynamics of these responses are challenging to measure experimentally because of high sample density and extremely small relevant spatial and temporal scales. In this work, we use an x-ray free-electron laser providing simultaneous in situ direct imaging and x-ray diffraction to spatially resolve lattice dynamics of silicon under high–strain rate conditions. We present the first imaging of a new intermediate elastic feature modulating compression along the axis of applied stress, and we identify the structure, compression, and density behind each observed wave. The ultrafast probe x-rays enabled time-resolved characterization of the intermediate elastic feature, which is leveraged to constrain kinetic inhibition of the phase transformation between 2 and 4 ns. These results not only address long-standing questions about the response of silicon under extreme environments but also demonstrate the potential for ultrafast direct measurements to illuminate new lattice dynamics.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Galtier, E. ^[3];

^[4];

^[3];

^[5]; Schroer, C. G. ^[6];

^[7];

^[8]; Tavella, F. ^[3];

^[3]; Mao, W. ^[9];

^[3]; Nagler, B. ^[3]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. of York (United Kingdom)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Univ. of Hamburg (Germany)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Mar 08 00:00:00 EST 2019

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1527344

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 05K13OD2; SF00515

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Science Advances

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAAS

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION

Citation Formats


                    Brown, S. Brennan, Gleason, A. E., Galtier, E., Higginbotham, A., Arnold, B., Fry, A., Granados, E., Hashim, A., Schroer, C. G., Schropp, A., Seiboth, F., Tavella, F., Xing, Z., Mao, W., Lee, H. J., and Nagler, B. Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau8044.

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                    Brown, S. Brennan, Gleason, A. E., Galtier, E., Higginbotham, A., Arnold, B., Fry, A., Granados, E., Hashim, A., Schroer, C. G., Schropp, A., Seiboth, F., Tavella, F., Xing, Z., Mao, W., Lee, H. J., & Nagler, B. Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8044

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                    Brown, S. Brennan, Gleason, A. E., Galtier, E., Higginbotham, A., Arnold, B., Fry, A., Granados, E., Hashim, A., Schroer, C. G., Schropp, A., Seiboth, F., Tavella, F., Xing, Z., Mao, W., Lee, H. J., and Nagler, B. Fri .  
"Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8044.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1527344.

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@article{osti_1527344,

  title        = {Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics},

  author       = {Brown, S. Brennan and Gleason, A. E. and Galtier, E. and Higginbotham, A. and Arnold, B. and Fry, A. and Granados, E. and Hashim, A. and Schroer, C. G. and Schropp, A. and Seiboth, F. and Tavella, F. and Xing, Z. and Mao, W. and Lee, H. J. and Nagler, B.},

  abstractNote = {Under rapid high-temperature, high-pressure loading, lattices exhibit complex elastic-inelastic responses. The dynamics of these responses are challenging to measure experimentally because of high sample density and extremely small relevant spatial and temporal scales. In this work, we use an x-ray free-electron laser providing simultaneous in situ direct imaging and x-ray diffraction to spatially resolve lattice dynamics of silicon under high–strain rate conditions. We present the first imaging of a new intermediate elastic feature modulating compression along the axis of applied stress, and we identify the structure, compression, and density behind each observed wave. The ultrafast probe x-rays enabled time-resolved characterization of the intermediate elastic feature, which is leveraged to constrain kinetic inhibition of the phase transformation between 2 and 4 ns. These results not only address long-standing questions about the response of silicon under extreme environments but also demonstrate the potential for ultrafast direct measurements to illuminate new lattice dynamics.},

  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.aau8044},

  journal      = {Science Advances},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 5,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Mar 08 00:00:00 EST 2019},

  month        = {Fri Mar 08 00:00:00 EST 2019}

}

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Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8044

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Cited by: 18 works

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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1: Experimental configuration of optical drive laser and probe x-ray free-electron laser. X-ray diffraction captured the lattice response of shocked silicon, showing dynamics of high-pressure phases and melt. X-ray phase-contrast imaging provided direct snapshots of shock propagation in the target and revealed elastic features. These simultaneous, ultrafast measurements allowedmore »

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Works referenced in this record:

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Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
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Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon
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Imaging Shock Waves in Diamond with Both High Temporal and Spatial Resolution at an XFEL
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Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
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Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 5
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The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS
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Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 10
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Title: Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Axial Yield Strengths and Two Successive Phase Transition Stresses for Crystalline Silicon journal, April 1971

Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon journal, September 2018

In situ X-ray diffraction measurement of shock-wave-driven twinning and lattice dynamics journal, October 2017

The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS journal, October 2016

Ultrafast visualization of crystallization and grain growth in shock-compressed SiO2 journal, September 2015

VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data journal, October 2011

Reduction of Shear Strength and Phase-Transition in Shock-Loaded Silicon journal, June 1982

The Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source journal, April 2015

Amorphization and nanocrystallization of silicon under shock compression journal, January 2016

Transition pressures and enthalpy barriers for the cubic diamond → β -tin transition in Si and Ge under nonhydrostatic conditions journal, April 2006

Imaging Shock Waves in Diamond with Both High Temporal and Spatial Resolution at an XFEL journal, June 2015

DIOPTAS : a program for reduction of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data and data exploration journal, May 2015

Femtosecond Visualization of Lattice Dynamics in Shock-Compressed Matter journal, October 2013

Ultrashort shock waves in nickel induced by femtosecond laser pulses journal, February 2013

Computer simulation of local order in condensed phases of silicon journal, April 1985

X-ray diffraction and continuum measurements in silicon crystals shocked below the elastic limit journal, January 2007

Shock launching in silicon studied with use of pulsed x-ray diffraction journal, June 1987

Orientation and rate dependence in high strain-rate compression of single-crystal silicon journal, December 2012

Real-time x-ray diffraction at the impact surface of shocked crystals journal, January 2012

Single Hit Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction journal, May 2015

Quenching of High-Pressure Phases of Silicon Using Femtosecond Laser-driven Shock Wave journal, January 2008

First lasing and operation of an ångstrom-wavelength free-electron laser journal, August 2010

Time-resolved diffraction of shock-released SiO2 and diaplectic glass formation journal, November 2017

Melting temperature of diamond at ultrahigh pressure journal, November 2009

X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92 journal, July 1993

Inelastic response of silicon to shock compression journal, April 2016

Shock drive capabilities of a 30-Joule laser at the matter in extreme conditions hutch of the Linac Coherent Light Source journal, October 2017

Inelastic deformation and phase transformation of shock compressed silicon single crystals journal, November 2007

Measurement of Third‐Order Moduli of Silicon and Germanium journal, November 1964

High-pressure chemistry of hydrocarbons relevant to planetary interiors and inertial confinement fusion journal, May 2018

Lead palladium titanate: A room temperature nanoscale multiferroic thin film journal, February 2020

The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS text, January 2016

Erratum: Ultrafast visualization of crystallization and grain growth in shock-compressed SiO2 journal, October 2015

Anomalous Elastic Response of Silicon to Uniaxial Shock Compression on Nanosecond Time Scales text, January 2001

Single Hit Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction text, January 2015

The Phase-Contrast Imaging Instrument at the Matter in Extreme Conditions Endstation at LCLS text, January 2016

In situ X-ray diffraction measurement of shock-wave-driven twinning and lattice dynamics journal, October 2017

Erratum: Ultrafast visualization of crystallization and grain growth in shock-compressed SiO2 journal, October 2015

Time-resolved diffraction of shock-released SiO2 and diaplectic glass formation journal, November 2017

Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon journal, September 2018

Imaging Shock Waves in Diamond with Both High Temporal and Spatial Resolution at an XFEL journal, June 2015

Axial Yield Strengths and Two Successive Phase Transition Stresses for Crystalline Silicon journal, April 1971

The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS journal, October 2016

DIOPTAS : a program for reduction of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data and data exploration journal, May 2015

Crystal data for high-pressure phases of silicon journal, October 1986

New high-pressure phase of Si journal, April 1993

Molecular dynamics simulations of shock-compressed single-crystal silicon journal, February 2014

Real-Time Examination of Atomistic Mechanisms during Shock-Induced Structural Transformation in Silicon journal, July 2016

Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Phase Transitions and Equation of State of Scandium Shock Compressed to 82 GPa journal, January 2017

Anomalous Elastic Response of Silicon to Uniaxial Shock Compression on Nanosecond Time Scales journal, March 2001

Pressure-Induced Structural Change of Liquid Silicon journal, June 2002

Femtosecond Visualization of Lattice Dynamics in Shock-Compressed Matter journal, October 2013

Axial Yield Strengths and Two Successive Phase Transition Stresses for Crystalline Silicon
journal, April 1971

Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon
journal, September 2018

In situ X-ray diffraction measurement of shock-wave-driven twinning and lattice dynamics
journal, October 2017

The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS
journal, October 2016

Ultrafast visualization of crystallization and grain growth in shock-compressed SiO2
journal, September 2015

VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data
journal, October 2011

Reduction of Shear Strength and Phase-Transition in Shock-Loaded Silicon
journal, June 1982

The Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source
journal, April 2015

Amorphization and nanocrystallization of silicon under shock compression
journal, January 2016

Transition pressures and enthalpy barriers for the cubic diamond $\to β$ -tin transition in Si and Ge under nonhydrostatic conditions
journal, April 2006

Imaging Shock Waves in Diamond with Both High Temporal and Spatial Resolution at an XFEL
journal, June 2015

DIOPTAS : a program for reduction of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data and data exploration
journal, May 2015

Femtosecond Visualization of Lattice Dynamics in Shock-Compressed Matter
journal, October 2013

Ultrashort shock waves in nickel induced by femtosecond laser pulses
journal, February 2013

Computer simulation of local order in condensed phases of silicon
journal, April 1985

X-ray diffraction and continuum measurements in silicon crystals shocked below the elastic limit
journal, January 2007

Shock launching in silicon studied with use of pulsed x-ray diffraction
journal, June 1987

Orientation and rate dependence in high strain-rate compression of single-crystal silicon
journal, December 2012

Real-time x-ray diffraction at the impact surface of shocked crystals
journal, January 2012

Single Hit Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction
journal, May 2015

Quenching of High-Pressure Phases of Silicon Using Femtosecond Laser-driven Shock Wave
journal, January 2008

First lasing and operation of an ångstrom-wavelength free-electron laser
journal, August 2010

Time-resolved diffraction of shock-released SiO2 and diaplectic glass formation
journal, November 2017

Melting temperature of diamond at ultrahigh pressure
journal, November 2009

X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92
journal, July 1993

Inelastic response of silicon to shock compression
journal, April 2016

Shock drive capabilities of a 30-Joule laser at the matter in extreme conditions hutch of the Linac Coherent Light Source
journal, October 2017

Inelastic deformation and phase transformation of shock compressed silicon single crystals
journal, November 2007

Measurement of Third‐Order Moduli of Silicon and Germanium
journal, November 1964

High-pressure chemistry of hydrocarbons relevant to planetary interiors and inertial confinement fusion
journal, May 2018

Lead palladium titanate: A room temperature nanoscale multiferroic thin film
journal, February 2020

The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS
text, January 2016

Erratum: Ultrafast visualization of crystallization and grain growth in shock-compressed SiO2
journal, October 2015

Anomalous Elastic Response of Silicon to Uniaxial Shock Compression on Nanosecond Time Scales
text, January 2001

Single Hit Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction
text, January 2015

The Phase-Contrast Imaging Instrument at the Matter in Extreme Conditions Endstation at LCLS
text, January 2016

In situ X-ray diffraction measurement of shock-wave-driven twinning and lattice dynamics
journal, October 2017

Erratum: Ultrafast visualization of crystallization and grain growth in shock-compressed SiO2
journal, October 2015

Time-resolved diffraction of shock-released SiO2 and diaplectic glass formation
journal, November 2017

Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon
journal, September 2018

Imaging Shock Waves in Diamond with Both High Temporal and Spatial Resolution at an XFEL
journal, June 2015

Axial Yield Strengths and Two Successive Phase Transition Stresses for Crystalline Silicon
journal, April 1971

The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS
journal, October 2016

DIOPTAS : a program for reduction of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data and data exploration
journal, May 2015

Crystal data for high-pressure phases of silicon
journal, October 1986

New high-pressure phase of Si
journal, April 1993

Molecular dynamics simulations of shock-compressed single-crystal silicon
journal, February 2014

Real-Time Examination of Atomistic Mechanisms during Shock-Induced Structural Transformation in Silicon
journal, July 2016

Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Phase Transitions and Equation of State of Scandium Shock Compressed to 82 GPa
journal, January 2017

Anomalous Elastic Response of Silicon to Uniaxial Shock Compression on Nanosecond Time Scales
journal, March 2001

Pressure-Induced Structural Change of Liquid Silicon
journal, June 2002

Femtosecond Visualization of Lattice Dynamics in Shock-Compressed Matter
journal, October 2013