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Title: Signatures of hypermassive neutron star lifetimes on r-process nucleosynthesis in the disc ejecta from neutron star mergers

Abstract

We investigate the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in the winds ejected by accretion discs formed in neutron star mergers. We compute the element formation in disc outflows from hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) remnants of variable lifetime, including the effect of angular momentum transport in the disc evolution. We employ long-term axisymmetric hydrodynamic disc simulations to model the ejecta, and compute r-process nucleosynthesis with tracer particles using a nuclear reaction network containing ~8000 species. We find that the previously known strong correlation between HMNS lifetime, ejected mass and average electron fraction in the outflow is directly related to the amount of neutrino irradiation on the disc, which dominates mass ejection at early times in the form of a neutrino-driven wind. Production of lanthanides and actinides saturates at short HMNS lifetimes (≲10 ms), with additional ejecta contributing to a blue optical kilonova component for longer-lived HMNSs. We find good agreement between the abundances from the disc outflow alone and the solar r-process distribution only for short HMNS lifetimes (≲10 ms). For longer lifetimes, the rare-earth and third r-process peaks are significantly underproduced compared to the solar pattern, requiring additional contributions from the dynamical ejecta. The nucleosynthesis signature from a spinning black holemore » (BH) can only overlap with that from an HMNS of moderate lifetime (≲60 ms). Finally, we show that angular momentum transport not only contributes with a late-time outflow component, but that it also enhances the neutrino-driven component by moving material to shallower regions of the gravitational potential, in addition to providing additional heating.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [4];  [6]
  1. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
  4. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Columbia Astrophysics Lab.
  5. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  6. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Kyoto Univ. (Japan)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1526485
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 472; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats

Lippuner, Jonas, Fernández, Rodrigo, Roberts, Luke F., Foucart, Francois, Kasen, Daniel, Metzger, Brian D., and Ott, Christian D. Signatures of hypermassive neutron star lifetimes on r-process nucleosynthesis in the disc ejecta from neutron star mergers. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1987.
Lippuner, Jonas, Fernández, Rodrigo, Roberts, Luke F., Foucart, Francois, Kasen, Daniel, Metzger, Brian D., & Ott, Christian D. Signatures of hypermassive neutron star lifetimes on r-process nucleosynthesis in the disc ejecta from neutron star mergers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1987
Lippuner, Jonas, Fernández, Rodrigo, Roberts, Luke F., Foucart, Francois, Kasen, Daniel, Metzger, Brian D., and Ott, Christian D. Wed . "Signatures of hypermassive neutron star lifetimes on r-process nucleosynthesis in the disc ejecta from neutron star mergers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1987. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1526485.
@article{osti_1526485,
title = {Signatures of hypermassive neutron star lifetimes on r-process nucleosynthesis in the disc ejecta from neutron star mergers},
author = {Lippuner, Jonas and Fernández, Rodrigo and Roberts, Luke F. and Foucart, Francois and Kasen, Daniel and Metzger, Brian D. and Ott, Christian D.},
abstractNote = {We investigate the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in the winds ejected by accretion discs formed in neutron star mergers. We compute the element formation in disc outflows from hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) remnants of variable lifetime, including the effect of angular momentum transport in the disc evolution. We employ long-term axisymmetric hydrodynamic disc simulations to model the ejecta, and compute r-process nucleosynthesis with tracer particles using a nuclear reaction network containing ~8000 species. We find that the previously known strong correlation between HMNS lifetime, ejected mass and average electron fraction in the outflow is directly related to the amount of neutrino irradiation on the disc, which dominates mass ejection at early times in the form of a neutrino-driven wind. Production of lanthanides and actinides saturates at short HMNS lifetimes (≲10 ms), with additional ejecta contributing to a blue optical kilonova component for longer-lived HMNSs. We find good agreement between the abundances from the disc outflow alone and the solar r-process distribution only for short HMNS lifetimes (≲10 ms). For longer lifetimes, the rare-earth and third r-process peaks are significantly underproduced compared to the solar pattern, requiring additional contributions from the dynamical ejecta. The nucleosynthesis signature from a spinning black hole (BH) can only overlap with that from an HMNS of moderate lifetime (≲60 ms). Finally, we show that angular momentum transport not only contributes with a late-time outflow component, but that it also enhances the neutrino-driven component by moving material to shallower regions of the gravitational potential, in addition to providing additional heating.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stx1987},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 1,
volume = 472,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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Cited by: 129 works
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Figures / Tables:

Table 1 Table 1: List of investigated models. Columns from left to right show the model name, the compact central object (CCO) type (HMNS or BH), mass $M$c of the CCO, lifetime $τ$ of the HMNS, dimensionless spin $χ$ of the BH (the HMNSs all spin at 1.5 ms), radius $R$d ofmore » the initial disc density peak and viscosity parameter $α$.« less

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  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aa94cb

Neutron-star Radius Constraints from GW170817 and Future Detections
journal, November 2017

  • Bauswein, Andreas; Just, Oliver; Janka, Hans-Thomas
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9994

AT 2017gfo: An Anisotropic and Three-component Kilonova Counterpart of GW170817
journal, November 2017

  • Perego, Albino; Radice, David; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9ab9

GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations
journal, January 2018

  • Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Zappa, Francesco
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa402

The r -process Pattern of a Bright, Highly r -process-enhanced Metal-poor Halo Star at [Fe/H] ∼ −2
journal, February 2018

  • Sakari, Charli M.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Hansen, Terese
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa9b4

Radiative Transfer Simulation for the Optical and Near-infrared Electromagnetic Counterparts to GW170817
journal, September 2018

  • Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aade02

Viscous-dynamical Ejecta from Binary Neutron Star Mergers
journal, December 2018

  • Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Hotokezaka, Kenta
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaf053

Can Kilonova Light Curves Be Standardized?
journal, November 2019

  • Kashyap, Rahul; Raman, Gayathri; Ajith, Parameswaran
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab543f

Spiral-wave Wind for the Blue Kilonova
journal, November 2019

  • Nedora, Vsevolod; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano; Radice, David
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab5794

From the microscopic to the macroscopic world: from nucleons to neutron stars
journal, August 2019

  • Gandolfi, S.; Lippuner, J.; Steiner, A. W.
  • Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/ab29b3

Imprints of r-process heating on fall-back accretion: distinguishing black hole–neutron star from double neutron star mergers
journal, March 2019

  • Desai, D.; Metzger, B. D.; Foucart, F.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz644

Thermodynamics conditions of matter in neutron star mergers
journal, August 2019

  • Perego, Albino; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano; Radice, David
  • The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 55, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2019-12810-7

Properties of Kilonovae from Dynamical and Post-merger Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers
journal, January 2018

  • Tanaka, Masaomi; Kato, Daiji; Gaigalas, Gediminas
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaa0cb

The Origin of r -process Elements in the Milky Way
journal, March 2018

  • Côté, Benoit; Fryer, Chris L.; Belczynski, Krzysztof
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaad67

Mass Ejection from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Viscous-radiation Hydrodynamics Study
journal, June 2018

  • Fujibayashi, Sho; Kiuchi, Kenta; Nishimura, Nobuya
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 860, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabafd

Is the Macronova in GW170817 Powered by the Central Engine?
journal, July 2018

  • Matsumoto, Tatsuya; Ioka, Kunihito; Kisaka, Shota
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a8

Physical Conditions for the r -process. I. Radioactive Energy Sources of Kilonovae
journal, November 2018


Actinide Production in the Neutron-rich Ejecta of a Neutron Star Merger
journal, December 2018

  • Holmbeck, Erika M.; Sprouse, Trevor M.; Mumpower, Matthew R.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaefef

The R -Process Alliance: Discovery of a Low- α , r -process-enhanced Metal-poor Star in the Galactic Halo
journal, April 2019

  • Sakari, Charli M.; Roederer, Ian U.; Placco, Vinicius M.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0c02

Diversity of Kilonova Light Curves
journal, February 2020

  • Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab61f6

The Multi-messenger Matrix: The Future of Neutron Star Merger Constraints on the Nuclear Equation of State
journal, July 2019


Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows with Magnetic Prandtl Number-dependent MRI-driven Turbulence
journal, August 2019


Enrichment of Strontium in Dwarf Galaxies
journal, October 2019

  • Hirai, Yutaka; Wanajo, Shinya; Saitoh, Takayuki R.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab4654

Neutron-star radius constraints from GW170817 and future detections
text, January 2017


Modeling GW170817 based on numerical relativity and its implications
text, January 2017


Mass Ejection from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Viscous-Radiation Hydrodynamics Study
text, January 2017


AT2017gfo: an anisotropic and three-component kilonova counterpart of GW170817
text, January 2017


A magnetar origin for the kilonova ejecta in GW170817
text, January 2018


Long-lived Remnants from Binary Neutron Star Mergers
text, January 2018


Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts and Nucleosynthesis
text, January 2018


Viscous-Dynamical Ejecta from Binary Neutron Star Merger
text, January 2018


Multimessenger Parameter Estimation of GW170817
text, January 2018


From the microscopic to the macroscopic world: from nucleons to neutron stars
text, January 2019


Constraint on the maximum mass of neutron stars using GW170817 event
text, January 2019


Full Transport Model of GW170817-Like Disk Produces a Blue Kilonova
text, January 2019


Neutron star binary orbits in their host potential: effect on early r-process enrichment
text, January 2019


Kilonovae
journal, December 2019


All the fun of the FAIR: fundamental physics at the facility for antiproton and ion research
journal, January 2019