Charging and Transport Dynamics of a Flow-Through Electrode Capacitive Deionization System
Abstract
We present a study of the interplay among electric charging rate, capacitance, salt removal, and mass transport in “flow-through electrode” capacitive deionization (CDI) systems. We develop two models describing coupled transport and electro-adsorption/desorption which capture salt removal dynamics. The first model is a simplified, unsteady zero-dimensional volume-averaged model which identifies dimensionless parameters and figures of merits associated with cell performance. The second model is a higher fidelity area-averaged model which captures both spatial and temporal responses of charging. We further conducted an experimental study of these dynamics and considered two salt transport regimes: (1) advection-limited regime and (2) dispersion-limited regime. We use these data to validate models. The study shows that, in the advection-limited regime, differential charge efficiency determines the salt adsorption at the early stage of the deionization process. Subsequently, charging transitions to a quasi-steady state where salt removal rate is proportional to applied current scaled by the inlet flow rate. In the dispersion-dominated regime, differential charge efficiency, cell volume, and diffusion rates govern adsorption dynamics and flow rate has little effect. In both regimes, the interplay among mass transport rate, differential charge efficiency, cell capacitance, and (electric) charging current governs salt removal in flow-through electrode CDI.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[3]
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1523576
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-723086
Journal ID: ISSN 1520-6106; 870767
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces and Biophysical Chemistry
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1520-6106
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Capacitive deionization; charging dynamics; coupling between flow and charging; flow-through electrode
Citation Formats
Qu, Yatian, Campbell, Patrick G., Hemmatifar, Ali, Knipe, Jennifer M., Loeb, Colin K., Reidy, John J., Hubert, Mckenzie A., Stadermann, Michael, and Santiago, Juan G. Charging and Transport Dynamics of a Flow-Through Electrode Capacitive Deionization System. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09168.
Qu, Yatian, Campbell, Patrick G., Hemmatifar, Ali, Knipe, Jennifer M., Loeb, Colin K., Reidy, John J., Hubert, Mckenzie A., Stadermann, Michael, & Santiago, Juan G. Charging and Transport Dynamics of a Flow-Through Electrode Capacitive Deionization System. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09168
Qu, Yatian, Campbell, Patrick G., Hemmatifar, Ali, Knipe, Jennifer M., Loeb, Colin K., Reidy, John J., Hubert, Mckenzie A., Stadermann, Michael, and Santiago, Juan G. Tue .
"Charging and Transport Dynamics of a Flow-Through Electrode Capacitive Deionization System". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09168. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1523576.
@article{osti_1523576,
title = {Charging and Transport Dynamics of a Flow-Through Electrode Capacitive Deionization System},
author = {Qu, Yatian and Campbell, Patrick G. and Hemmatifar, Ali and Knipe, Jennifer M. and Loeb, Colin K. and Reidy, John J. and Hubert, Mckenzie A. and Stadermann, Michael and Santiago, Juan G.},
abstractNote = {We present a study of the interplay among electric charging rate, capacitance, salt removal, and mass transport in “flow-through electrode” capacitive deionization (CDI) systems. We develop two models describing coupled transport and electro-adsorption/desorption which capture salt removal dynamics. The first model is a simplified, unsteady zero-dimensional volume-averaged model which identifies dimensionless parameters and figures of merits associated with cell performance. The second model is a higher fidelity area-averaged model which captures both spatial and temporal responses of charging. We further conducted an experimental study of these dynamics and considered two salt transport regimes: (1) advection-limited regime and (2) dispersion-limited regime. We use these data to validate models. The study shows that, in the advection-limited regime, differential charge efficiency determines the salt adsorption at the early stage of the deionization process. Subsequently, charging transitions to a quasi-steady state where salt removal rate is proportional to applied current scaled by the inlet flow rate. In the dispersion-dominated regime, differential charge efficiency, cell volume, and diffusion rates govern adsorption dynamics and flow rate has little effect. In both regimes, the interplay among mass transport rate, differential charge efficiency, cell capacitance, and (electric) charging current governs salt removal in flow-through electrode CDI.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09168},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces and Biophysical Chemistry},
number = 1,
volume = 122,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 02 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Tue Jan 02 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Intact mangrove root electrodes for desalination
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