High water recovery and improved thermodynamic efficiency for capacitive deionization using variable flowrate operation
Abstract
Water recovery is a measure of the amount of treated water produced relative to the total amount of water processed through the system, and is an important performance metric for any desalination method. Conventional operating methods for desalination using capacitive deionization (CDI) have so far limited water recovery to be about 50%. To improve water recovery for CDI, we introduce a new operating scheme based on a variable (in time) flow rate wherein a low flow rate during discharge is used to produce a brine volume which is significantly less than the volume of diluent produced. We demonstrate experimentally and study systematically this novel variable flowrate operating scheme in the framework of both constant current and constant voltage charge-discharge modes. We show that the variable flowrate operation can increase water recovery for CDI to very high values of ~90% and can improve thermodynamic efficiency by about 2- to 3-fold compared to conventional constant flowrate operation. Importantly, this is achieved with minimal performance reductions in salt removal, energy consumption, and volume throughput. Our work highlights that water recovery can be readily improved for CDI at very minimal additional cost using simple flow control schemes.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[3];
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Aeronautics & Astronautics
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; California Energy Commission (United States)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1513144
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1636094
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-764246
Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1354; 954326
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; ECP-16-014
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Water Research
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 155; Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1354
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; capacitive deionization; high water recovery; improved thermodynamic efficiency; water desalination; variable flowrate operation
Citation Formats
Ramachandran, Ashwin, Oyarzun, Diego I., Hawks, Steven A., Stadermann, Michael, and Santiago, Juan G. High water recovery and improved thermodynamic efficiency for capacitive deionization using variable flowrate operation. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.007.
Ramachandran, Ashwin, Oyarzun, Diego I., Hawks, Steven A., Stadermann, Michael, & Santiago, Juan G. High water recovery and improved thermodynamic efficiency for capacitive deionization using variable flowrate operation. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.007
Ramachandran, Ashwin, Oyarzun, Diego I., Hawks, Steven A., Stadermann, Michael, and Santiago, Juan G. Thu .
"High water recovery and improved thermodynamic efficiency for capacitive deionization using variable flowrate operation". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.007. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1513144.
@article{osti_1513144,
title = {High water recovery and improved thermodynamic efficiency for capacitive deionization using variable flowrate operation},
author = {Ramachandran, Ashwin and Oyarzun, Diego I. and Hawks, Steven A. and Stadermann, Michael and Santiago, Juan G.},
abstractNote = {Water recovery is a measure of the amount of treated water produced relative to the total amount of water processed through the system, and is an important performance metric for any desalination method. Conventional operating methods for desalination using capacitive deionization (CDI) have so far limited water recovery to be about 50%. To improve water recovery for CDI, we introduce a new operating scheme based on a variable (in time) flow rate wherein a low flow rate during discharge is used to produce a brine volume which is significantly less than the volume of diluent produced. We demonstrate experimentally and study systematically this novel variable flowrate operating scheme in the framework of both constant current and constant voltage charge-discharge modes. We show that the variable flowrate operation can increase water recovery for CDI to very high values of ~90% and can improve thermodynamic efficiency by about 2- to 3-fold compared to conventional constant flowrate operation. Importantly, this is achieved with minimal performance reductions in salt removal, energy consumption, and volume throughput. Our work highlights that water recovery can be readily improved for CDI at very minimal additional cost using simple flow control schemes.},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.007},
journal = {Water Research},
number = ,
volume = 155,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Feb 14 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Thu Feb 14 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Continuous Lithium Extraction from Aqueous Solution Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization
journal, July 2019
- Ha, Yuncheol; Jung, Hye Bin; Lim, Hyunseung
- Energies, Vol. 12, Issue 15
Constant chemical potential cycles for capacitive deionization
journal, January 2019
- Moreno, Daniel; Hatzell, Marta C.
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