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Title: First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota). The LUX cryostat was filled for the first time in the underground laboratory in February 2013. We report here results of the first WIMP search data set, taken during the period from April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of 7.6 × 1 0 - 46 cm 2 at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV / c 2 . We find that the LUX data are in disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Contributing Org.:
LUX Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1511394
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; AC52-07NA27344; FG02-08ER41549; FG02-91ER40688; FG02-95ER40917; FG02-91ER40674; NA0000979; SC0006605
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 112; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats

Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Dragowsky, E. M., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Morii, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Sofka, C. J., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., O’Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., White, D., Witherell, M. S., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C. First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. United States: N. p., 2014. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.091303.
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Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Dragowsky, E. M., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Morii, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Sofka, C. J., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., O’Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., White, D., Witherell, M. S., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., & Zhang, C. First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.091303
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Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Dragowsky, E. M., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Morii, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Sofka, C. J., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., O’Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., White, D., Witherell, M. S., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C. Tue . "First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.091303. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1511394.
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@article{osti_1511394,
title = {First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility},
author = {Akerib, D. S. and Araújo, H. M. and Bai, X. and Bailey, A. J. and Balajthy, J. and Bedikian, S. and Bernard, E. and Bernstein, A. and Bolozdynya, A. and Bradley, A. and Byram, D. and Cahn, S. B. and Carmona-Benitez, M. C. and Chan, C. and Chapman, J. J. and Chiller, A. A. and Chiller, C. and Clark, K. and Coffey, T. and Currie, A. and Curioni, A. and Dazeley, S. and de Viveiros, L. and Dobi, A. and Dobson, J. and Dragowsky, E. M. and Druszkiewicz, E. and Edwards, B. and Faham, C. H. and Fiorucci, S. and Flores, C. and Gaitskell, R. J. and Gehman, V. M. and Ghag, C. and Gibson, K. R. and Gilchriese, M. G. D. and Hall, C. and Hanhardt, M. and Hertel, S. A. and Horn, M. and Huang, D. Q. and Ihm, M. and Jacobsen, R. G. and Kastens, L. and Kazkaz, K. and Knoche, R. and Kyre, S. and Lander, R. and Larsen, N. A. and Lee, C. and Leonard, D. S. and Lesko, K. T. and Lindote, A. and Lopes, M. I. and Lyashenko, A. and Malling, D. C. and Mannino, R. and McKinsey, D. N. and Mei, D. -M. and Mock, J. and Moongweluwan, M. and Morad, J. and Morii, M. and Murphy, A. St. J. and Nehrkorn, C. and Nelson, H. and Neves, F. and Nikkel, J. A. and Ott, R. A. and Pangilinan, M. and Parker, P. D. and Pease, E. K. and Pech, K. and Phelps, P. and Reichhart, L. and Shutt, T. and Silva, C. and Skulski, W. and Sofka, C. J. and Solovov, V. N. and Sorensen, P. and Stiegler, T. and O’Sullivan, K. and Sumner, T. J. and Svoboda, R. and Sweany, M. and Szydagis, M. and Taylor, D. and Tennyson, B. and Tiedt, D. R. and Tripathi, M. and Uvarov, S. and Verbus, J. R. and Walsh, N. and Webb, R. and White, J. T. and White, D. and Witherell, M. S. and Wlasenko, M. and Wolfs, F. L. H. and Woods, M. and Zhang, C.},
abstractNote = {The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota). The LUX cryostat was filled for the first time in the underground laboratory in February 2013. We report here results of the first WIMP search data set, taken during the period from April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of 7.6×10-46 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c2. We find that the LUX data are in disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.091303},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 9,
volume = 112,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2014},
month = {Tue Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2014}
}
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: Top: Comparison of AmBe data (blue circles) with NEST simulations (blue line), showing excellent agreement above the 2 phe threshold (left axis). The gray histogram and fitted dashed red line show the relative efficiency for detection of nuclear recoils from AmBe data (right axis). Overlaid are the ERmore » detection efficiency from tritium data (green squares), applied to the ER background model in the profile likelihood analysis, and the efficiency from full detector NR simulations treated as real data in terms of the digitized MC-truth S1 phe (purple triangles), applied to the WIMP signal model. The efficiency calculation here does not include S1 or S2 area thresholds. Bottom: NR detection efficiency as a function of nuclear recoil energy for events with a corrected S1 between 2 and 30 phe and a S2 signal greater than 200 phe (black $\bigtriangleup$), the efficiency used directly in the profile likelihood analysis. The efficiency for individually detecting an S2 (red $\square$) or S1 (blue $\bigcirc$) signal (without the application of any analysis thresholds) are also shown, along with that after the single scatter requirement (green $\bigtriangledown$). The cyan dashed line indicates the threshold in keVnr below which we assume no light or charge response in the PLR calculation.« less
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    Results and strategies in dark matter detection
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    Galaxy Formation in Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter Models
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    Non-linear Higgs portal to Dark Matter
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    Dark matter with two inert doublets plus one Higgs doublet
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    Search for dark matter particles in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV using the razor variables
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    Halo-independent tests of dark matter direct detection signals: local DM density, LHC, and thermal freeze-out
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    Generalised form factor dark matter in the Sun
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    Results and strategies in dark matter detection
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    • Belli, Pierluigi
    • Proceedings of the MG14 Meeting on General Relativity, The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting
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    On corollary model-dependent analyses and comparisons
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    • International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 31, Issue 31
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    Dark atoms with nuclear shell: A status review
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    Decaying Dark Atom Constituents and Cosmic Positron Excess
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    • Belotsky, K.; Khlopov, M.; Kouvaris, C.
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    Neutrino Mass and the Higgs Portal Dark Matter in the ESSFSM
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    text, January 2016

    How to save the WIMP: global analysis of a dark matter model with two s-channel mediators
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    • Duerr, Michael; Kahlhoefer, Felix; Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
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    First search for dark matter annihilations in the Earth with the IceCube detector
    text, January 2017

    • Aartsen, M. G.; Abraham, K.; Ackermann, M.
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2018-00005

    Indirect dark matter searches in the dwarf satellite galaxy Ursa Major II with the MAGIC telescopes
    text, January 2018

    • Ahnen, M. L.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
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    Constraining the Inert Doublet Model using Vector Boson Fusion
    text, January 2019

    Dark Matter Searches
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    A White Paper on keV sterile neutrino Dark Matter
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    • Hassel, C.; Wendt, K.; Mavromatos, N. E.
    • Institute of Physics Publishing IOP
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    Observable heavy Higgs dark matter
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    • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2015, Issue 11
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    CONFRONTING GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC γ -RAYS OBSERVED BY FERMI -LAT WITH ANNIHILATING DARK MATTER IN AN INERT HIGGS DOUBLET MODEL
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    • Modak, Kamakshya Prasad; Majumdar, Debasish
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    • Bell, Nicole F.; Cai, Yi; Leane, Rebecca K.
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    Results on light dark matter particles with a low-threshold CRESST-II detector
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    Understanding internal backgrounds in NaI(Tl) crystals toward a 200 kg array for the KIMS-NaI experiment
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    Analysing parameter space correlations of recent 13 TeV gluino and squark searches in the pMSSM
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    A global fit of the MSSM with GAMBIT
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    DarkSide-20k: A 20 tonne two-phase LAr TPC for direct dark matter detection at LNGS
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    • Bernabei, R.; Belli, P.; Incicchitti, A.
    • International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 30, Issue 26
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    Constraining dark matter-neutrino interactions using the CMB and large-scale structure
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    • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 05
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    DAMA confronts null searches in the effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions
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    DarkBit: A GAMBIT module for computing dark matter observables and likelihoods
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    Accretion-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Admixed White Dwarfs. I. Formation of Low-mass Neutron Stars
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    LHC Tests of Light Neutralino Dark Matter without Light Sfermions
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    • International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 31, Issue 20n21
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    Probing light bino and higgsinos at the LHC
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    Implications of unitarity and gauge invariance for simplified dark matter models
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    • Kahlhoefer, Felix; Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai; Schwetz, Thomas
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
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    A global fit of the MSSM with GAMBIT
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    Dark matter sensitivity of multi-ton liquid xenon detectors
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    • Baudis, Laura; Bütikofer, Lukas; Selvi, Marco
    • Institute of Physics Publishing IOP
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    Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment
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    Cosmic structure as the quantum interference of a coherent dark wave
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    • Schive, Hsi-Yu; Chiueh, Tzihong; Broadhurst, Tom
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    A new halo-independent approach to dark matter direct detection analysis
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    Halo-independent direct detection of momentum-dependent dark matter
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    • Cherry, John F.; Frandsen, Mads T.; Shoemaker, Ian M.
    • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 10
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    Production regimes for Self-Interacting Dark Matter
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    • Bernal, Nicolás; Chu, Xiaoyong; Garcia-Cely, Camilo
    • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2016, Issue 03
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    First data from DM-Ice17
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    Three-loop neutrino mass model with doubly charged particles from isodoublets
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    The inert doublet model in the light of Fermi-LAT gamma-ray data: a global fit analysis
    text, January 2017

    A light SUSY dark matter after CDMS-II, LUX and LHC Higgs data
    text, January 2013

    Composite strongly interacting dark matter
    text, January 2013

    The SIMPLE Phase II Dark Matter Search
    text, January 2014

    A Model of Radiative Neutrino Mass: with or without Dark Matter
    text, January 2014

    Results on low mass WIMPs using an upgraded CRESST-II detector
    text, January 2014

    Bound-state formation for thermal relic dark matter and unitarity
    text, January 2014

    Characterising dark matter searches at colliders and direct detection experiments: Vector mediators
    text, January 2014

    Extending two-Higgs-doublet models by a singlet scalar field - the Case for Dark Matter
    text, January 2014

    Higgsino Dark Matter in High-Scale Supersymmetry
    text, January 2014

    Electroweakly-Interacting Dirac Dark Matter
    text, January 2014

    Asymptotically Safe Dark Matter
    text, January 2014

    Light stops, blind spots, and isospin violation in the MSSM
    text, January 2015

    Dark Matter Directionality Revisited with a High Pressure Xenon Gas Detector
    text, January 2015

    WIMP searches with gamma rays in the Fermi era: challenges, methods and results
    text, January 2015

    Dark Matter Searches with a Mono-Z' jet
    text, January 2015

    Radiative neutrino masses in the singlet-doublet fermion dark matter model with scalar singlets
    text, January 2015

    Possible explanation of indirect gamma ray signatures from hidden sector fermionic dark matter
    text, January 2015

    Neutrino Physics with JUNO
    text, January 2015

    Scalar dark matter in the B-L model
    text, January 2015

    Black holes and gravitational waves in models of minicharged dark matter
    text, January 2016

    Sensitivity of atom interferometry to ultralight scalar field dark matter
    text, January 2016

    A comprehensive approach to dark matter studies: exploration of simplified top-philic models
    text, January 2016

    Signal yields, energy resolution, and recombination fluctuations in liquid xenon
    text, January 2016

    Torsion as a Dark Matter Candidate from the Higgs Portal
    text, January 2016

    Simulation of argon response and light detection in the DarkSide-50 dual phase TPC
    text, January 2017

    Unified explanation for dark matter and electroweak baryogenesis with direct detection and gravitational wave signatures
    text, January 2016

    • Sobolev, Ivan; Chala, Mikael; Nardini, Germano
    • American Physical Society
    • DOI: 10.7892/boris.88726
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