Towards Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Li-Stuffed Garnets

Samson, Alfred Junio; Hofstetter, Kyle; Wachsman, Eric; Thangadurai, Venkataraman

doi:10.1149/2.1001810jes

Title: Towards Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Li-Stuffed Garnets

Abstract

Li-stuffed garnet-type Li₇La_2.75Ca_0.25Zr_1.75Nb_0.25O₁₂ (LLCZNO) and Li_7+yLa_2.75Ca_0.25Zr_1.75-yNb_0.25MyO₁₂ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; y = 0.1, 0.2, referred to as yM-LLCZNO) were synthesized in air by ceramic synthesis at different sintering temperatures. The resulting compositions were characterized for their phase formation and microstructure, and their ionic and electronic conductivities in air and 7% H₂/N₂. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that transition metal-doped LLCZNO garnets contain several impurity phases. The transition metal-substituted samples have lower conductivities than that of the parent LLCZNO. The electronic conductivities of selected transition metal-doped LLCZNO samples were found to be about 4 to 5 orders of magnitude lower than their corresponding ionic conductivity, highlighting the challenge to design single-phase mixed electronic and ionic conducting Li-stuffed garnets in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. The research area of single-phase mixed conducting Li-garnet is relatively unexplored at the moment, and a theoretical study will help to elucidate the underlying challenge in doping transition metal in Li-based garnets structure and its effect on transport properties.

Authors:

Samson, Alfred Junio ^[1]; Hofstetter, Kyle ^[1]; Wachsman, Eric ^[2];

^[1]

Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, AB (Canada). Dept. of Chemistry
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Materials and Engineering

Publication Date:: Wed Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)

OSTI Identifier:: 1510050

Grant/Contract Number:: AR0000787

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 165; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE

Citation Formats


                    Samson, Alfred Junio, Hofstetter, Kyle, Wachsman, Eric, and Thangadurai, Venkataraman. Towards Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Li-Stuffed Garnets.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1149/2.1001810jes.

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                    Samson, Alfred Junio, Hofstetter, Kyle, Wachsman, Eric, & Thangadurai, Venkataraman. Towards Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Li-Stuffed Garnets.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1001810jes

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                    Samson, Alfred Junio, Hofstetter, Kyle, Wachsman, Eric, and Thangadurai, Venkataraman. Wed .  
"Towards Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Li-Stuffed Garnets".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1001810jes.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1510050.

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@article{osti_1510050,

  title        = {Towards Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Li-Stuffed Garnets},

  author       = {Samson, Alfred Junio and Hofstetter, Kyle and Wachsman, Eric and Thangadurai, Venkataraman},

  abstractNote = {Li-stuffed garnet-type Li7La2.75Ca0.25Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LLCZNO) and Li7+yLa2.75Ca0.25Zr1.75-yNb0.25MyO12 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; y = 0.1, 0.2, referred to as yM-LLCZNO) were synthesized in air by ceramic synthesis at different sintering temperatures. The resulting compositions were characterized for their phase formation and microstructure, and their ionic and electronic conductivities in air and 7% H2/N2. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that transition metal-doped LLCZNO garnets contain several impurity phases. The transition metal-substituted samples have lower conductivities than that of the parent LLCZNO. The electronic conductivities of selected transition metal-doped LLCZNO samples were found to be about 4 to 5 orders of magnitude lower than their corresponding ionic conductivity, highlighting the challenge to design single-phase mixed electronic and ionic conducting Li-stuffed garnets in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. The research area of single-phase mixed conducting Li-garnet is relatively unexplored at the moment, and a theoretical study will help to elucidate the underlying challenge in doping transition metal in Li-based garnets structure and its effect on transport properties.},

  doi          = {10.1149/2.1001810jes},

  journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 165,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Wed Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Mixed Electronic and Ionic Conduction Properties of Lithium Lanthanum Titanate
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Electrochemical Stability of Garnet-Type Li ₇ La _2.75 Ca _0.25 Zr _1.75 Nb _0.25 O ₁₂ with and without Atomic Layer Deposited-Al ₂ O ₃ under CO ₂ and Humidity
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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601659

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Negating interfacial impedance in garnet-based solid-state Li metal batteries

Journal Article Han, Xiaogang ; Gong, Yunhui ; Fu, Kun ; ... - Nature Materials

Garnet-type solid-state electrolytes have attracted extensive attention due to their high ionic conductivity, approaching 1 mS cm^-1, excellent environmental stability, and wide electrochemical stability window, from lithium metal to ~6 V. However, to date, there has been little success in the development of high-performance solid-state batteries using these exceptional materials, the major challenge being the high solid–solid interfacial impedance between the garnet electrolyte and electrode materials. In this paper, we effectively address the large interfacial impedance between a lithium metal anode and the garnet electrolyte using ultrathin aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) by atomic layer deposition. Li₇La_2.75Ca_0.25Zr_1.75Nb_0.25O₁₂ (LLCZN) is the garnet compositionmore »« less
Cited by 1407
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4821

Full Text Available
Effect of sintering on the ionic conductivity of garnet-related structure Li{sub 5}La{sub 3}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 12} and In- and K-doped Li{sub 5}La{sub 3}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 12}

Journal Article Thangadurai, Venkataraman ; Weppner, Werner - Journal of Solid State Chemistry

Garnet-structure related metal oxides with the nominal chemical composition of Li{sub 5}La{sub 3}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 12}, In-substituted Li{sub 5.5}La{sub 3}Nb{sub 1.75}In{sub 0.25}O{sub 12} and K-substituted Li{sub 5.5}La{sub 2.75}K{sub 0.25}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 12} were prepared by solid-state reactions at 900, 950, and 1000 deg. C using appropriate amounts of corresponding metal oxides, nitrates and carbonates. The powder XRD data reveal that the In- and K-doped compounds are isostructural with the parent compound Li{sub 5}La{sub 3}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 12}. The variation in the cubic lattice parameter was found to change with the size of the dopant ions, for example, substitution of larger In{sup 3+}(r {submore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2005.12.025
A comparison of the transport properties of lithium-stuffed garnets and the conventional phases Li{sub 3}Ln{sub 3}Te{sub 2}O{sub 12}

Journal Article Cussen, Edmund J., E-mail: Edmund.Cussen@Strath.ac.u ; Yip, Thomas W.S. ; O'Neill, Gemma ; ... - Journal of Solid State Chemistry

The structures of new phases Li{sub 6}CaLa{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}O{sub 12} and Li{sub 6.4}Ca{sub 1.4}La{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}O{sub 12} have been characterised using neutron powder diffraction. Rietveld analyses show that both compounds crystallise in the space group la3-bar d and contain the lithium cations in a complex arrangement with occupational disorder across oxide tetrahedra and distorted oxide octahedra, with considerable positional disorder in the latter. Variable temperature neutron diffraction experiments on Li{sub 6.4}Ca{sub 1.4}La{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}O{sub 12} show the structure is largely invariant with only a small variation in the lithium distribution as a function of temperature. Impedance spectroscopy measurements show thatmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2010.12.021

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Title: Towards Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Li-Stuffed Garnets

Abstract

Citation Formats

Optimizing Li+ conductivity in a garnet framework journal, January 2012

Negating interfacial impedance in garnet-based solid-state Li metal batteries journal, December 2016

Elastic Properties of the Solid Electrolyte Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) journal, December 2015

Grain Boundary Analysis of the Garnet-Like Oxides Li7+X−YLa3−XAXZr2−YNbYO12 (A = Sr or Ca) journal, July 2016

Electrochemical properties of Li7La3Zr2O12-based solid state battery journal, December 2014

Fast Solid-State Li Ion Conducting Garnet-Type Structure Metal Oxides for Energy Storage journal, January 2015

Co-sinterable lithium garnet-type oxide electrolyte with cathode for all-solid-state lithium ion battery journal, November 2014

The analysis of electrode impedances complicated by the presence of a constant phase element journal, September 1984

Lithium Distribution in Aluminum-Free Cubic Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 journal, August 2011

Design of electrolyte solutions for Li and Li-ion batteries: a review journal, November 2004

Stability of garnet-type Li ion conductors: An overview journal, May 2018

Present understanding of the stability of Li-stuffed garnets with moisture, carbon dioxide, and metallic lithium journal, June 2018

High lithium ionic conductivity in the garnet-type oxide Li7−XLa3(Zr2−X, NbX)O12 (X=0–2) journal, March 2011

Achieving high capacity in bulk-type solid-state lithium ion battery based on Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 electrolyte: Interfacial resistance journal, August 2016

Atmosphere Controlled Processing of Ga-Substituted Garnets for High Li-Ion Conductivity Ceramics journal, June 2014

Conformal, Nanoscale ZnO Surface Modification of Garnet-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Anodes journal, December 2016

Grain boundary modification to suppress lithium penetration through garnet-type solid electrolyte journal, September 2017

Interfacial Challenges in Solid-State Li Ion Batteries journal, October 2015

Electron/hole and ion transport in La1−xSrxFeO3−δ journal, April 2003

Transition from Superlithiophobicity to Superlithiophilicity of Garnet Solid-State Electrolyte journal, September 2016

Interface Instability of Fe-Stabilized Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 versus Li Metal journal, February 2018

Use of simple ac technique to determine the ionic and electronic conductivities in pure and Fe-substituted SrSnO3 perovskites journal, June 2002

Garnet Solid Electrolyte Protected Li-Metal Batteries journal, May 2017

Mixed ionic-electronic conductivity of La1−xSrxCo1−yFeyO3−δ perovskite-type oxides journal, January 1988

Flexible and ion-conducting membrane electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries: Dispersion of garnet nanoparticles in insulating polyethylene oxide journal, October 2016

Enhanced ionic conductivity of titanium doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 solid electrolyte journal, January 2017

Fabrication of all-solid-state lithium battery with lithium metal anode using Al2O3-added Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte journal, September 2011

Electroceramics: Characterization by Impedance Spectroscopy journal, March 1990

Recent advances in Perovskite-type materials for solid oxide fuel cell cathodes journal, March 2001

Reducing Interfacial Resistance between Garnet-Structured Solid-State Electrolyte and Li-Metal Anode by a Germanium Layer journal, April 2017

Garnet related lithium ion conductor processed by spark plasma sintering for all solid state batteries journal, March 2014

Electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries using inorganic lithium garnets particulate reinforced PEO/LiClO4 electrolyte journal, November 2017

Synergistic Coupling between Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 and Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Induces High Ionic Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Thermal Stability of Solid Composite Electrolytes journal, September 2017

The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective journal, January 2013

Electrical Conductivity of Silver Sulfide journal, January 1952

Ion transport and phase transition in Li 7−x La 3 (Zr 2−x M x )O 12 (M = Ta 5+ , Nb 5+ , x = 0, 0.25) journal, January 2012

Electrochemical Nature of the Cathode Interface for a Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery: Interface between LiCoO 2 and Garnet-Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 journal, October 2016

Toward garnet electrolyte–based Li metal batteries: An ultrathin, highly effective, artificial solid-state electrolyte/metallic Li interface journal, April 2017

Fast Lithium Ion Conduction in Garnet-Type Li7La3Zr2O12 journal, October 2007

Crystal Chemistry and Stability of “Li7La3Zr2O12 ” Garnet: A Fast Lithium-Ion Conductor journal, February 2011

Effect of Simultaneous Substitution of Alkali Earth Metals and Nb in Li7La3Zr2O12 on Lithium-Ion Conductivity journal, January 2013

Li6ALa2Ta2O12 (A = Sr, Ba): Novel Garnet-Like Oxides for Fast Lithium Ion Conduction journal, January 2005

Fast Li-Ion-Conducting Garnet-Related Li 7–3 x Fe x La 3 Zr 2 O 12 with Uncommon I 4̅3 d Structure journal, August 2016

All solid state lithium batteries based on lamellar garnet-type ceramic electrolytes journal, December 2015

Synthesis of garnet-type Li7−xLa3Zr2O12−1/2x and its stability in aqueous solutions journal, February 2011

Crystal structure, migration mechanism and electrochemical performance of Cr-stabilized garnet journal, December 2014

The Development and Future of Lithium Ion Batteries journal, December 2016

All-solid-state lithium ion battery using garnet-type oxide and Li3BO3 solid electrolytes fabricated by screen-printing journal, September 2013

Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Interface Modification for Li Dendrite Prevention journal, April 2016

In-situ Li7La3Zr2O12/LiCoO2 interface modification for advanced all-solid-state battery journal, August 2014

Materials design for perovskite SOFC cathodes journal, May 2009

Compatibility of Li[sub 7]La[sub 3]Zr[sub 2]O[sub 12] Solid Electrolyte to All-Solid-State Battery Using Li Metal Anode journal, January 2010

Li6ALa2Nb2O12 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba): A New Class of Fast Lithium Ion Conductors with Garnet-Like Structure journal, February 2005

Three-dimensional bilayer garnet solid electrolyte based high energy density lithium metal–sulfur batteries journal, January 2017

Safer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives journal, June 2015

Structural limitations for optimizing garnet-type solid electrolytes: a perspective journal, January 2014

Garnet-type solid-state fast Li ion conductors for Li batteries: critical review journal, January 2014

Electrochemical performance of an all-solid-state lithium ion battery with garnet-type oxide electrolyte journal, March 2012

The role of Al and Li concentration on the formation of cubic garnet solid electrolyte of nominal composition Li7La3Zr2O12 journal, January 2012

Li 3 PO 4 -added garnet-type Li 6.5 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.5 O 12 for Li-dendrite suppression journal, June 2017

Lithium Lanthanum Titanates: A Review journal, October 2003

Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes journal, February 2017

Gallium-Doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Garnet-Type Electrolytes with High Lithium-Ion Conductivity journal, January 2017

Oxygen nonstoichiometry and transport properties of strontium substituted lanthanum cobaltite journal, December 2006

Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 synthesized by a polymerized complex method journal, October 2011

Fast Lithium Ion Conduction in Garnet-Type Li7La3Zr2O12. journal, December 2007

Materials design for perovskite SOFC cathodes text, January 2009

Lithium Lanthanum Titanates: A Review journal, December 2003

Mixed Electronic and Ionic Conduction Properties of Lithium Lanthanum Titanate journal, January 2020

The Electronic Conductivity of Single Crystalline Ga‐Stabilized Cubic Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 : A Technologically Relevant Parameter for All‐Solid‐State Batteries journal, June 2020

Electrochemical Stability of Garnet-Type Li 7 La 2.75 Ca 0.25 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 with and without Atomic Layer Deposited-Al 2 O 3 under CO 2 and Humidity journal, January 2019

Optimizing Li+ conductivity in a garnet framework
journal, January 2012

Negating interfacial impedance in garnet-based solid-state Li metal batteries
journal, December 2016

Elastic Properties of the Solid Electrolyte Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ (LLZO)
journal, December 2015

Grain Boundary Analysis of the Garnet-Like Oxides Li7+X−YLa3−XAXZr2−YNbYO12 (A = Sr or Ca)
journal, July 2016

Electrochemical properties of Li7La3Zr2O12-based solid state battery
journal, December 2014

Fast Solid-State Li Ion Conducting Garnet-Type Structure Metal Oxides for Energy Storage
journal, January 2015

Co-sinterable lithium garnet-type oxide electrolyte with cathode for all-solid-state lithium ion battery
journal, November 2014

The analysis of electrode impedances complicated by the presence of a constant phase element
journal, September 1984

Lithium Distribution in Aluminum-Free Cubic Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂
journal, August 2011

Design of electrolyte solutions for Li and Li-ion batteries: a review
journal, November 2004

Stability of garnet-type Li ion conductors: An overview
journal, May 2018

Present understanding of the stability of Li-stuffed garnets with moisture, carbon dioxide, and metallic lithium
journal, June 2018

High lithium ionic conductivity in the garnet-type oxide Li_7−XLa₃(Zr_2−X, Nb_X)O₁₂ (X=0–2)
journal, March 2011

Achieving high capacity in bulk-type solid-state lithium ion battery based on Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 electrolyte: Interfacial resistance
journal, August 2016

Atmosphere Controlled Processing of Ga-Substituted Garnets for High Li-Ion Conductivity Ceramics
journal, June 2014

Conformal, Nanoscale ZnO Surface Modification of Garnet-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Anodes
journal, December 2016

Grain boundary modification to suppress lithium penetration through garnet-type solid electrolyte
journal, September 2017

Interfacial Challenges in Solid-State Li Ion Batteries
journal, October 2015

Electron/hole and ion transport in La1−xSrxFeO3−δ
journal, April 2003

Transition from Superlithiophobicity to Superlithiophilicity of Garnet Solid-State Electrolyte
journal, September 2016

Interface Instability of Fe-Stabilized Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ versus Li Metal
journal, February 2018

Use of simple ac technique to determine the ionic and electronic conductivities in pure and Fe-substituted SrSnO3 perovskites
journal, June 2002

Garnet Solid Electrolyte Protected Li-Metal Batteries
journal, May 2017

Mixed ionic-electronic conductivity of La1−xSrxCo1−yFeyO3−δ perovskite-type oxides
journal, January 1988

Flexible and ion-conducting membrane electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries: Dispersion of garnet nanoparticles in insulating polyethylene oxide
journal, October 2016

Enhanced ionic conductivity of titanium doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 solid electrolyte
journal, January 2017

Fabrication of all-solid-state lithium battery with lithium metal anode using Al2O3-added Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte
journal, September 2011

Electroceramics: Characterization by Impedance Spectroscopy
journal, March 1990

Recent advances in Perovskite-type materials for solid oxide fuel cell cathodes
journal, March 2001

Reducing Interfacial Resistance between Garnet-Structured Solid-State Electrolyte and Li-Metal Anode by a Germanium Layer
journal, April 2017

Garnet related lithium ion conductor processed by spark plasma sintering for all solid state batteries
journal, March 2014

Electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries using inorganic lithium garnets particulate reinforced PEO/LiClO4 electrolyte
journal, November 2017

Synergistic Coupling between Li _6.75 La ₃ Zr _1.75 Ta _0.25 O ₁₂ and Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Induces High Ionic Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Thermal Stability of Solid Composite Electrolytes
journal, September 2017

The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective
journal, January 2013

Electrical Conductivity of Silver Sulfide
journal, January 1952

Ion transport and phase transition in Li _7−x La ₃ (Zr _2−x M _x )O ₁₂ (M = Ta ⁵⁺ , Nb ⁵⁺ , x = 0, 0.25)
journal, January 2012

Electrochemical Nature of the Cathode Interface for a Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery: Interface between LiCoO ₂ and Garnet-Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂
journal, October 2016

Toward garnet electrolyte–based Li metal batteries: An ultrathin, highly effective, artificial solid-state electrolyte/metallic Li interface
journal, April 2017

Fast Lithium Ion Conduction in Garnet-Type Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂
journal, October 2007

Crystal Chemistry and Stability of “Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ ” Garnet: A Fast Lithium-Ion Conductor
journal, February 2011

Effect of Simultaneous Substitution of Alkali Earth Metals and Nb in Li7La3Zr2O12 on Lithium-Ion Conductivity
journal, January 2013

Li6ALa2Ta2O12 (A = Sr, Ba): Novel Garnet-Like Oxides for Fast Lithium Ion Conduction
journal, January 2005

Fast Li-Ion-Conducting Garnet-Related Li _{7–3 x} Fe _x La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ with Uncommon I 4̅3 d Structure
journal, August 2016

All solid state lithium batteries based on lamellar garnet-type ceramic electrolytes
journal, December 2015

Synthesis of garnet-type Li7−xLa3Zr2O12−1/2x and its stability in aqueous solutions
journal, February 2011

Crystal structure, migration mechanism and electrochemical performance of Cr-stabilized garnet
journal, December 2014

The Development and Future of Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, December 2016

All-solid-state lithium ion battery using garnet-type oxide and Li3BO3 solid electrolytes fabricated by screen-printing
journal, September 2013

Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Interface Modification for Li Dendrite Prevention
journal, April 2016

In-situ Li7La3Zr2O12/LiCoO2 interface modification for advanced all-solid-state battery
journal, August 2014

Materials design for perovskite SOFC cathodes
journal, May 2009

Compatibility of Li[sub 7]La[sub 3]Zr[sub 2]O[sub 12] Solid Electrolyte to All-Solid-State Battery Using Li Metal Anode
journal, January 2010

Li6ALa2Nb2O12 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba): A New Class of Fast Lithium Ion Conductors with Garnet-Like Structure
journal, February 2005

Three-dimensional bilayer garnet solid electrolyte based high energy density lithium metal–sulfur batteries
journal, January 2017

Safer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives
journal, June 2015

Structural limitations for optimizing garnet-type solid electrolytes: a perspective
journal, January 2014

Garnet-type solid-state fast Li ion conductors for Li batteries: critical review
journal, January 2014

Electrochemical performance of an all-solid-state lithium ion battery with garnet-type oxide electrolyte
journal, March 2012

The role of Al and Li concentration on the formation of cubic garnet solid electrolyte of nominal composition Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂
journal, January 2012

Li 3 PO 4 -added garnet-type Li 6.5 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.5 O 12 for Li-dendrite suppression
journal, June 2017

Lithium Lanthanum Titanates: A Review
journal, October 2003

Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes
journal, February 2017

Gallium-Doped Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Garnet-Type Electrolytes with High Lithium-Ion Conductivity
journal, January 2017

Oxygen nonstoichiometry and transport properties of strontium substituted lanthanum cobaltite
journal, December 2006

Al-doped Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ synthesized by a polymerized complex method
journal, October 2011

Fast Lithium Ion Conduction in Garnet-Type Li7La3Zr2O12.
journal, December 2007

Materials design for perovskite SOFC cathodes
text, January 2009

Lithium Lanthanum Titanates: A Review
journal, December 2003

Mixed Electronic and Ionic Conduction Properties of Lithium Lanthanum Titanate
journal, January 2020

The Electronic Conductivity of Single Crystalline Ga‐Stabilized Cubic Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ : A Technologically Relevant Parameter for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
journal, June 2020

Electrochemical Stability of Garnet-Type Li ₇ La _2.75 Ca _0.25 Zr _1.75 Nb _0.25 O ₁₂ with and without Atomic Layer Deposited-Al ₂ O ₃ under CO ₂ and Humidity
journal, January 2019