Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections
Abstract
Climate modification by stratospheric SO2 injections, to form sulfate aerosols, may alter the spectral and angular distributions of the solar ultraviolet and visible radiation that reach the Earth’s surface, with potential consequences to environmental photobiology and photochemistry. We used modeling results from the CESM1(WACCM) stratospheric aerosol geoengineering large ensemble (GLENS) project, following the RCP8.5 emission scenario, and one geoengineering experiment with SO2 injections in the stratosphere, designed to keep surface temperatures at 2020 levels. Zonally and monthly averaged vertical profiles of O3, SO2, and sulfate aerosols, at 30 N and 70 N, served as input into a radiative transfer model, to compute biologically active irradiances for DNA damage (iDNA), UV index (UVI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and two key tropospheric photodissociation coefficients (jO1D for O3 + hν (λ < 330 nm) → O(1D) + O2; and jNO2 for NO2 + hν (λ < 420 nm) → O(3P) + NO). We show that the geoengineering scenario is accompanied by substantial reductions in UV radiation. For example, comparing March 2080 to March 2020, iDNA decreased by 25% to 29% in the subtropics (30 N) and by 26% to 33% in the polar regions (70 N); UVI decreased by 19% to 20% atmore »
- Authors:
-
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1507988
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-138064
Journal ID: ISSN 2073-4433; ATMOCZ
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Atmosphere (Basel)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Atmosphere (Basel); Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2073-4433
- Publisher:
- MDPI
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 42 ENGINEERING; geoengineering; sulfate aerosols; stratosphere; stratospheric ozone; ultraviolet radiation; erythemal radiation; photolysis coefficients; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); direct-diffuse ratio
Citation Formats
Madronich, Sasha, Tilmes, Simone, Kravitz, Benjamin S., MacMartin, Douglas, and Richter, Jadwiga. Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.3390/atmos9110432.
Madronich, Sasha, Tilmes, Simone, Kravitz, Benjamin S., MacMartin, Douglas, & Richter, Jadwiga. Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections. United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110432
Madronich, Sasha, Tilmes, Simone, Kravitz, Benjamin S., MacMartin, Douglas, and Richter, Jadwiga. Wed .
"Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections". United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110432. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1507988.
@article{osti_1507988,
title = {Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections},
author = {Madronich, Sasha and Tilmes, Simone and Kravitz, Benjamin S. and MacMartin, Douglas and Richter, Jadwiga},
abstractNote = {Climate modification by stratospheric SO2 injections, to form sulfate aerosols, may alter the spectral and angular distributions of the solar ultraviolet and visible radiation that reach the Earth’s surface, with potential consequences to environmental photobiology and photochemistry. We used modeling results from the CESM1(WACCM) stratospheric aerosol geoengineering large ensemble (GLENS) project, following the RCP8.5 emission scenario, and one geoengineering experiment with SO2 injections in the stratosphere, designed to keep surface temperatures at 2020 levels. Zonally and monthly averaged vertical profiles of O3, SO2, and sulfate aerosols, at 30 N and 70 N, served as input into a radiative transfer model, to compute biologically active irradiances for DNA damage (iDNA), UV index (UVI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and two key tropospheric photodissociation coefficients (jO1D for O3 + hν (λ < 330 nm) → O(1D) + O2; and jNO2 for NO2 + hν (λ < 420 nm) → O(3P) + NO). We show that the geoengineering scenario is accompanied by substantial reductions in UV radiation. For example, comparing March 2080 to March 2020, iDNA decreased by 25% to 29% in the subtropics (30 N) and by 26% to 33% in the polar regions (70 N); UVI decreased by 19% to 20% at 30 N and 23% to 26% at 70 N; and jO1D decreased by 22% to 24% at 30 N and 35% to 40% at 70 N, with comparable contributions from sulfate scattering and stratospheric O3 recovery. Different responses were found for processes that depend on longer UV and visible wavelengths, as these are minimally affected by ozone; PAR and jNO2 were only slightly lower (9–12%) at 30 N, but much lower at 70 N (35–40%). Similar reductions were estimated for other months (June, September, and December). Large increases in the PAR diffuse-direct ratio occurred in agreement with previous studies. Absorption by SO2 gas had a small (~1%) effect on jO1D, iDNA, and UVI, and no effect on jNO2 and PAR.},
doi = {10.3390/atmos9110432},
journal = {Atmosphere (Basel)},
number = 11,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 07 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Wed Nov 07 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
Web of Science
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