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Title: Preferential flow systems amended with biogeochemical components: imaging of a two-dimensional study

Abstract

The vadose zone is a highly interactive heterogeneous system through which water enters the subsurface system by infiltration. This paper details the effects of simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions upon unstable flow patterns in a porous medium (ASTM silica sand; US Silica, Ottawa, IL, USA) through the use of two-dimensional tank light transmission method (LTM). The contact angle (θ) and surface tension (γ) of two simulated plant exudate solutions (i.e., oxalate and citrate) and two soil component solutions (i.e., tannic acid and Suwannee River natural organic matter, SRNOM) were analyzed to determine the liquid–gas and liquid–solid interface characteristics of each. To determine if the unstable flow formations were dependent on the type and concentration of the simulated plant exudates and soil components, the analysis of the effects of the simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions were compared to a control solution (Hoagland nutrient solution with 0.01 M NaCl). Fingering flow patterns, vertical and horizontal water saturation profiles, water saturation at the fingertips, finger dimensions and velocity, and number of fingers were obtained using the light transmission method. Significant differences in the interface properties indicated a decrease between the control and the plant exudate and soil component solutionsmore » tested; specifically, the control (θ = 64.5° and γ = 75.75mNm-1) samples exhibited a higher contact angle and surface tension than the low concentration of citrate (θ = 52.6° and γ = 70.8mNm-1). Wetting front instability and fingering flow phenomena were reported in all infiltration experiments. The results showed that the plant exudates and soil components influenced the soil infiltration as differences in finger geometries, velocities, and water saturation profiles were detected when compared to the control. Among the tested solutions and concentrations of soil components, the largest finger width (10.19cm) was generated by the lowest tannic acid solution concentration (0.1mgL-1), and the lowest finger width (6.00cm) was induced by the highest SRNOM concentration (10mgL-1). Similarly, for the plant exudate solutions, the largest finger width (8.36cm) was generated by the lowest oxalate solution concentration (0.1mgL-1), and the lowest finger width (6.63cm) was induced by the lowest citrate concentration (0.1mgL-1). The control solution produced fingers with average width of 8.30cm. Additionally, the wettability of the medium for the citrate, oxalate, and SRNOM solutions increased with an increase in concentration. Our research demonstrates that the plant exudates and soil components which are biochemical compounds produced and released in soil are capable of influencing the process of infiltration in soils. The results of this research also indicate that soil wettability, expressed as cosθ1/2, should be included in the scaling of the finger dimension, i.e., finger width, when using the Miller and Miller (1956) scaling theory for the scaling of flow in porous media.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [3];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Clemson Univ., SC (United States). Dept. of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences. Lab. of Hydrogeoscience and Biological Engineering. L.G. Rich Environmental Lab.
  2. Clemson Univ., SC (United States). Dept. of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences. Lab. of Hydrogeoscience and Biological Engineering. L.G. Rich Environmental Lab.; Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States). Edward Bryand Global Sciences Center. Climate Change Inst.
  3. Clemson Univ., SC (United States). Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Clemson Univ., SC (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1505495
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012530
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Online); Journal Volume: 22; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1607-7938
Publisher:
European Geosciences Union (EGU)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; 58 GEOSCIENCES

Citation Formats

Pales, Ashley R., Li, Biting, Clifford, Heather M., Kupis, Shyla, Edayilam, Nimisha, Montgomery, Dawn, Liang, Wei-zhen, Dogan, Mine, Tharayil, Nishanth, Martinez, Nicole, Moysey, Stephen, Powell, Brian, and Darnault, Christophe J. G. Preferential flow systems amended with biogeochemical components: imaging of a two-dimensional study. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.5194/hess-22-2487-2018.
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Pales, Ashley R., Li, Biting, Clifford, Heather M., Kupis, Shyla, Edayilam, Nimisha, Montgomery, Dawn, Liang, Wei-zhen, Dogan, Mine, Tharayil, Nishanth, Martinez, Nicole, Moysey, Stephen, Powell, Brian, & Darnault, Christophe J. G. Preferential flow systems amended with biogeochemical components: imaging of a two-dimensional study. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2487-2018
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Pales, Ashley R., Li, Biting, Clifford, Heather M., Kupis, Shyla, Edayilam, Nimisha, Montgomery, Dawn, Liang, Wei-zhen, Dogan, Mine, Tharayil, Nishanth, Martinez, Nicole, Moysey, Stephen, Powell, Brian, and Darnault, Christophe J. G. Tue . "Preferential flow systems amended with biogeochemical components: imaging of a two-dimensional study". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2487-2018. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1505495.
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@article{osti_1505495,
title = {Preferential flow systems amended with biogeochemical components: imaging of a two-dimensional study},
author = {Pales, Ashley R. and Li, Biting and Clifford, Heather M. and Kupis, Shyla and Edayilam, Nimisha and Montgomery, Dawn and Liang, Wei-zhen and Dogan, Mine and Tharayil, Nishanth and Martinez, Nicole and Moysey, Stephen and Powell, Brian and Darnault, Christophe J. G.},
abstractNote = {The vadose zone is a highly interactive heterogeneous system through which water enters the subsurface system by infiltration. This paper details the effects of simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions upon unstable flow patterns in a porous medium (ASTM silica sand; US Silica, Ottawa, IL, USA) through the use of two-dimensional tank light transmission method (LTM). The contact angle (θ) and surface tension (γ) of two simulated plant exudate solutions (i.e., oxalate and citrate) and two soil component solutions (i.e., tannic acid and Suwannee River natural organic matter, SRNOM) were analyzed to determine the liquid–gas and liquid–solid interface characteristics of each. To determine if the unstable flow formations were dependent on the type and concentration of the simulated plant exudates and soil components, the analysis of the effects of the simulated plant exudate and soil component solutions were compared to a control solution (Hoagland nutrient solution with 0.01 M NaCl). Fingering flow patterns, vertical and horizontal water saturation profiles, water saturation at the fingertips, finger dimensions and velocity, and number of fingers were obtained using the light transmission method. Significant differences in the interface properties indicated a decrease between the control and the plant exudate and soil component solutions tested; specifically, the control (θ = 64.5° and γ = 75.75mNm-1) samples exhibited a higher contact angle and surface tension than the low concentration of citrate (θ = 52.6° and γ = 70.8mNm-1). Wetting front instability and fingering flow phenomena were reported in all infiltration experiments. The results showed that the plant exudates and soil components influenced the soil infiltration as differences in finger geometries, velocities, and water saturation profiles were detected when compared to the control. Among the tested solutions and concentrations of soil components, the largest finger width (10.19cm) was generated by the lowest tannic acid solution concentration (0.1mgL-1), and the lowest finger width (6.00cm) was induced by the highest SRNOM concentration (10mgL-1). Similarly, for the plant exudate solutions, the largest finger width (8.36cm) was generated by the lowest oxalate solution concentration (0.1mgL-1), and the lowest finger width (6.63cm) was induced by the lowest citrate concentration (0.1mgL-1). The control solution produced fingers with average width of 8.30cm. Additionally, the wettability of the medium for the citrate, oxalate, and SRNOM solutions increased with an increase in concentration. Our research demonstrates that the plant exudates and soil components which are biochemical compounds produced and released in soil are capable of influencing the process of infiltration in soils. The results of this research also indicate that soil wettability, expressed as cosθ1/2, should be included in the scaling of the finger dimension, i.e., finger width, when using the Miller and Miller (1956) scaling theory for the scaling of flow in porous media.},
doi = {10.5194/hess-22-2487-2018},
journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Online)},
number = 4,
volume = 22,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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  • DOI: 10.2136/vzj2004.2620

The expansion of maize root-cap mucilage during hydration. 3. Changes in water potential and water content
journal, January 1997

Wetting Front Instability in Homogeneous Sandy Soils under Continuous Infiltration
journal, September 1992

Unstable Flow during Redistribution in Homogeneous Soil
journal, February 2003

  • Wang, Z.; Tuli, A.; Jury, W. A.
  • Vadose Zone Journal, Vol. 2, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.2113/2.1.52

CREB/ATF-dependent T cell receptor–induced FoxP3 gene expression: a role for DNA methylation
journal, June 2007

  • Kim, Hyoung-Pyo; Leonard, Warren J.
  • Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 204, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070109

Unstable Flow during Redistribution: Controlling Factors and Practical Implications
journal, May 2004

  • Wang, Zhi; Jury, William A.; Tuli, Atac
  • Vadose Zone Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.2136/vzj2004.0549

Preferential Flow and Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts through the Vadose Zone: Experiments and Modeling
journal, May 2004

  • Darnault, Christophe J. G.; Steenhuis, Tammo S.; Garnier, Patricia
  • Vadose Zone Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.2136/vzj2004.0736

Theory of Water Movement in Soils: 10. Cavities with Constant flux
journal, January 1973

Preferential and Unstable Flow: From the Pore to the Catchment Scale
text, January 2010

  • Gerke, Horst H.; Germann, Peter; Nieber, John
  • Soil Science Society of America SSSA
  • DOI: 10.7892/boris.6492

Theory of Water Movement in Soils: 6. Effect of Water Depth over soil
journal, January 1972

Unstable flow in layered soils: A review
journal, March 1987

Infiltration into soils: Conceptual approaches and solutions: REVIEW: INFILTRATION INTO SOILS
journal, April 2013

Rhizosphere: biophysics, biogeochemistry and ecological relevance
journal, January 2009

  • Hinsinger, Philippe; Bengough, A. Glyn; Vetterlein, Doris
  • Plant and Soil, Vol. 321, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11104-008-9885-9

pH-dependent reactive transport of uranium(VI) in unsaturated sand
journal, November 2014

  • Uyuşur, Burcu; Li, Chunyan; Baveye, Philippe C.
  • Journal of Soils and Sediments, Vol. 15, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11368-014-1018-x

Preferential paths of flow under conventional and conservation tillage
journal, March 1990

Experimental assessment of preferential flow paths in a field soil
journal, February 1989

Coupled effects of solution chemistry and hydrodynamics on the mobility and transport of quantum dot nanomaterials in the vadose zone
journal, November 2010

  • Uyusur, Burcu; Darnault, Christophe J. G.; Snee, Preston T.
  • Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol. 118, Issue 3-4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.09.013

Physics of water repellent soils
journal, May 2000

The Space Debris Environment - Past and Present
journal, January 2001

Light Transmission Technique for the Evaluation of Colloidal Transport and Dynamics in Porous Media
journal, August 2003

  • Weisbrod, Noam; Niemet, Michael R.; Selker, John S.
  • Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 37, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1021/es034010m

Molar Mass and Size of Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter Using Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering
journal, March 1997

  • Wagoner, David B.; Christman, Russell F.; Cauchon, Greg
  • Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1021/es960594z

Influence of Organic Acid Solution Chemistry on Subsurface Transport Properties. 2. Capillary Pressure−Saturation
journal, July 1997

  • Lord, David L.; Demond, Avery H.; Salehzadeh, Amir
  • Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/es9608555

Evaluation of hydrodynamic scaling in porous media using finger dimensions
journal, August 1998

  • Selker, John S.; Schroth, Martin H.
  • Water Resources Research, Vol. 34, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1029/98wr00625

Reply to Baveye and Darnault: Useful models are simple and extendable
journal, March 2017

  • Coyte, Katharine Z.; Tabuteau, Hervé; Gaffney, Eamonn A.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702303114

Theory of Water Movement in Soils: 3. two and Three Dimensional Absorption
journal, January 1971

Theory of Water Movement in Soils: 4. two and Three Dimensional Steady Infiltration
journal, January 1972

Theory of Water Movement in Soils: 5. Unsteady Infiltration from Spherical Cavities
journal, January 1972

Wetting Front Instability in Layered Soils1
journal, January 1972

Wetting Front Instability in Homogeneous Sandy Soils under Continuous Infiltration
journal, September 1992

Preferential Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Variably Saturated Subsurface Environments
journal, March 2003

  • Darnault, Christophe J. G.; Garnier, Patricia; Kim, Young-Jin
  • Water Environment Research, Vol. 75, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.2175/106143003x140890

The Dependence of Electrical Resistivity-Saturation Relationships on Multiphase Flow Instability
journal, January 2012

Macropores and water flow in soils revisited
text, January 2013

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