The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells [The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum PEMFCs]
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in reducing proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathode platinum loadings from 0.4-0.8 mgPt/cm2 to about 0.1 mgPt/cm2. However, at this level of cathode Pt loading, large performance loss is observed at high-current density (>1 A/cm2), preventing a reduction in the overall stack cost. This next developmental step is being limited by the presence of a resistance term exhibited at these lower Pt loadings and apparently due to a phenomenon at or near the catalyst surface. This issue can be addressed through the design of catalysts with high and stable Pt dispersion as well as through development and implementation of ionomers designed to interact with Pt in a way that does not constrain oxygen reduction reaction rates. Here, extrapolating from progress made in past decades, we are optimistic that the concerted efforts of materials and electrode designers can resolve this issue, thus enabling a large step towards mass-market-affordable fuel cell vehicles.
- Authors:
-
- General Motors Global Product Development, Pontiac, MI (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- General Motors, Pontiac, MI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1504240
- Grant/Contract Number:
- EE0007271
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1948-7185
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 08 HYDROGEN
Citation Formats
Kongkanand, Anusorn, and Mathias, Mark F. The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells [The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum PEMFCs]. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00216.
Kongkanand, Anusorn, & Mathias, Mark F. The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells [The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum PEMFCs]. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00216
Kongkanand, Anusorn, and Mathias, Mark F. Thu .
"The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells [The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum PEMFCs]". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00216. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1504240.
@article{osti_1504240,
title = {The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells [The Priority and Challenge of High-Power Performance of Low-Platinum PEMFCs]},
author = {Kongkanand, Anusorn and Mathias, Mark F.},
abstractNote = {Substantial progress has been made in reducing proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathode platinum loadings from 0.4-0.8 mgPt/cm2 to about 0.1 mgPt/cm2. However, at this level of cathode Pt loading, large performance loss is observed at high-current density (>1 A/cm2), preventing a reduction in the overall stack cost. This next developmental step is being limited by the presence of a resistance term exhibited at these lower Pt loadings and apparently due to a phenomenon at or near the catalyst surface. This issue can be addressed through the design of catalysts with high and stable Pt dispersion as well as through development and implementation of ionomers designed to interact with Pt in a way that does not constrain oxygen reduction reaction rates. Here, extrapolating from progress made in past decades, we are optimistic that the concerted efforts of materials and electrode designers can resolve this issue, thus enabling a large step towards mass-market-affordable fuel cell vehicles.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00216},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters},
number = 7,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Mar 10 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Thu Mar 10 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
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- Wei, Chao; Rao, Reshma R.; Peng, Jiayu
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 31
Probing Transition-Metal Silicides as PGM-Free Catalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution in Acidic Medium
journal, June 2017
- Mittermeier, Thomas; Madkikar, Pankaj; Wang, Xiaodong
- Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 6
Substrate‐Dependent Molecular and Nanostructural Orientation of Nafion Thin Films
journal, July 2019
- Kushner, Douglas I.; Kusoglu, Ahmet; Podraza, Nikolas J.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 37
Elucidation of the Oxygen Reduction Volcano in Alkaline Media using a Copper-Platinum(111) Alloy
journal, February 2018
- Jensen, Kim D.; Tymoczko, Jakub; Rossmeisl, Jan
- Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 11
Critical advancements in achieving high power and stable nonprecious metal catalyst–based MEAs for real-world proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications
journal, March 2018
- Banham, Dustin; Kishimoto, Takeaki; Zhou, Yingjie
- Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 3
An anode catalyst support for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: application of organically modified titanium and silicon dioxide
journal, January 2019
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- RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 42
Carbon-supported metal nanodendrites as efficient, stable catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
journal, January 2018
- Venarusso, Luna B.; Boone, Chirley V.; Bettini, Jefferson
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 4
Sputtered Platinum Thin-films for Oxygen Reduction in Gas Diffusion Electrodes: A Model System for Studies under Realistic Reaction Conditions
text, January 2019
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- MDPI
Electrochemical On‐line ICP‐MS in Electrocatalysis Research
journal, December 2018
- Kasian, Olga; Geiger, Simon; Mayrhofer, Karl J. J.
- The Chemical Record, Vol. 19, Issue 10
Review of characterization and modeling of polymer electrolyte fuel cell catalyst layer: The blessing and curse of ionomer
journal, August 2017
- Huang, Jun; Li, Zhe; Zhang, Jianbo
- Frontiers in Energy, Vol. 11, Issue 3
Hydrogen Treatment as Potential Protection of Electrodeposited Pt, Au, and Pt/Au Oxygen Reduction Catalysts on TiOx
journal, September 2018
- Proch, Sebastian; Yoshino, Shuhei; Kamitaka, Yuji
- Electrocatalysis, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Strain-controlled electrocatalysis on multimetallic nanomaterials
journal, September 2017
- Luo, Mingchuan; Guo, Shaojun
- Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 11
Pinpointing the active species of the Cu(DAT) catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction
journal, January 2018
- van Dijk, Bas; Hofmann, Jan P.; Hetterscheid, Dennis G. H.
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 29
Fuel Cell Measurements with Cathode Catalysts of Sputtered Pt 3 Y Thin Films
journal, May 2018
- Lindahl, Niklas; Eriksson, Björn; Grönbeck, Henrik
- ChemSusChem, Vol. 11, Issue 9
Critical Review—Identifying Critical Gaps for Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis Development
journal, January 2017
- Babic, Ugljesa; Suermann, Michel; Büchi, Felix N.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 4
Anode Aging during PEMFC Start-Up and Shut-Down: H 2 -Air Fronts vs Voltage Cycles
journal, January 2018
- Schwämmlein, J. N.; Rheinländer, P. J.; Chen, Y.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 16
Critical advancements in achieving high power and stable nonprecious metal catalyst–based MEAs for real-world proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications
journal, March 2018
- Banham, Dustin; Kishimoto, Takeaki; Zhou, Yingjie
- Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 3
Phosphor and nitrogen co-doped rutile TiO 2 covered on TiN for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media
journal, January 2019
- Chisaka, Mitsuharu; Morioka, Hiroyuki
- Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Pt-rare earth metal alloy/metal oxide catalysts for oxygen reduction and alcohol oxidation reactions: an overview
journal, January 2019
- Peera, Shaik Gouse; Lee, Tae Gwan; Sahu, Akhila Kumar
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 8
Analysis of H 2 /Air Polarization Losses of Low-Platinum-Loading Cathodes with Various I/C Ratios and Carbon Supports
journal, January 2018
- Yu, Haoran; Bonville, Leonard; Maric, Radenka
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 15
Influence of Ionomer Content on Both Cell Performance and Load Cycle Durability for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Using Pt/Nb-SnO 2 Cathode Catalyst Layers
journal, January 2018
- Kakinuma, Katsuyoshi; Kobayashi, Ryo; Iiyama, Akihiro
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 15
Structure Sensitivity of Formic Acid Electrooxidation on Transition Metal Surfaces: A First-Principles Study
journal, January 2018
- Elnabawy, Ahmed O.; Herron, Jeffrey A.; Scaranto, Jessica
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 15
Ink Solvent Dependence of the Ionomer Distribution in the Catalyst Layer of a PEMFC
journal, January 2018
- Orfanidi, Alin; Rheinländer, Philipp J.; Schulte, Nicole
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 14
Extending the limits of Pt/C catalysts with passivation-gas-incorporated atomic layer deposition
journal, July 2018
- Xu, Shicheng; Kim, Yongmin; Park, Joonsuk
- Nature Catalysis, Vol. 1, Issue 8
Transition Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon (M–N–C) Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Insights on Synthesis and Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
journal, February 2019
- Osmieri, Luigi
- ChemEngineering, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Ionomer distribution control in porous carbon-supported catalyst layers for high-power and low Pt-loaded proton exchange membrane fuel cells
journal, September 2019
- Ott, Sebastian; Orfanidi, Alin; Schmies, Henrike
- Nature Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 1
Durability of Pt-Co Alloy Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cathode Catalysts under Accelerated Stress Tests
journal, January 2018
- Papadias, D. D.; Ahluwalia, R. K.; Kariuki, N.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 6
Cathode Loading Impact on Voltage Cycling Induced PEMFC Degradation: A Voltage Loss Analysis
journal, January 2018
- Harzer, Gregor S.; Schwämmlein, Jan N.; Damjanović, Ana Marija
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 6
Fuel Cell Performance Implications of Membrane Electrode Assembly Fabrication with Platinum-Nickel Nanowire Catalysts
journal, January 2018
- Mauger, Scott A.; Neyerlin, K. C.; Alia, Shaun M.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 3
Nanometric Fe-Substituted ZrO₂ on Carbon Black as PGM-Free ORR Catalyst for PEMFCs
text, January 2019
- Madkikar, Pankaj; Menga, Davide; Harzer, Gregor S.
- Electrochemical Society
Durability of De-Alloyed Platinum-Nickel Cathode Catalyst in Low Platinum Loading Membrane-Electrode Assemblies Subjected to Accelerated Stress Tests
journal, January 2018
- Ahluwalia, R. K.; Wang, X.; Peng, J-K
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 6
Nafion Ionomer Dispersion in Mixtures of 1‐Propanol and Water Based on the Martini Coarse‐Grained Model
journal, January 2020
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- Journal of Polymer Science, Vol. 58, Issue 3
Respective Influence of Ionomer Content on Local and Bulk Oxygen Transport Resistance in the Catalyst Layer of PEMFCs with Low Pt Loading
journal, January 2019
- Wang, Chao; Cheng, Xiaojing; Yan, Xiaohui
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 4
Cerium Oxide Decorated Polymer Nanofibers as Effective Membrane Reinforcement for Durable, High‐Performance Fuel Cells
journal, December 2016
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- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 6
Oxidatively induced exposure of active surface area during microwave assisted formation of Pt 3 Co nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction
journal, January 2019
- Sandström, Robin; Ekspong, Joakim; Gracia-Espino, Eduardo
- RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 31
Molecular Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, February 2020
- Wan, Chengzhang; Duan, Xiangfeng; Huang, Yu
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 14
Ionic Conductivity over Metal/Water Interfaces in Ionomer‐Free Fuel Cell Electrodes
journal, April 2019
- Hu, Leiming; Zhang, Muxing; Komini Babu, Siddharth
- ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 10
Mitigation of PEM Fuel Cell Catalyst Degradation with Porous Carbon Supports
journal, January 2019
- Padgett, Elliot; Yarlagadda, Venkata; Holtz, Megan E.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 4
Characterising porosity in platinum nanoparticles
journal, January 2019
- Yu, Wenmiao; Batchelor-McAuley, Christopher; Wang, Yi-Chi
- Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 38
Alloy Nanocatalysts for the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction (ORR) and the Direct Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction (CO 2 RR)
journal, December 2018
- Kim, Cheonghee; Dionigi, Fabio; Beermann, Vera
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 31
Analysis of H 2 /Air Polarization Curves: The Influence of Low Pt Loading and Fabrication Process
journal, January 2018
- Yu, Haoran; Bonville, Leonard; Maric, Radenka
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 5
Annealing Behaviour of Pt and PtNi Nanowires for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
journal, August 2018
- Mardle, Peter; Du, Shangfeng
- Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 8
Ultra-low loading of platinum in proton exchange membrane-based fuel cells: a brief review
journal, September 2019
- Ganesan, Aristatil; Narayanasamy, Mani
- Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal Cu Electrodes: Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Electrochemical Properties in Alkaline Media
journal, November 2018
- Engstfeld, Albert K.; Maagaard, Thomas; Horch, Sebastian
- Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 67
Determination of oxygen transport resistance in gas diffusion layer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
journal, February 2018
- Wan, Z. H.; Zhong, Q.; Liu, S. F.
- International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 42, Issue 6
Perspective—Mesoscale Physics in the Catalyst Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
journal, January 2019
- Grunewald, Jonathan B.; Mistry, Aashutosh N.; Verma, Ankit
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 7
Nanometric Fe-Substituted ZrO 2 on Carbon Black as PGM-Free ORR Catalyst for PEMFCs
journal, January 2019
- Madkikar, Pankaj; Menga, Davide; Harzer, Gregor S.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 7
Evaluating Electrocatalysts at Relevant Currents in a Half-Cell: The Impact of Pt Loading on Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, January 2019
- Ehelebe, Konrad; Seeberger, Dominik; Paul, Mike T. Y.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 16
Nanofiber Fuel Cell MEAs with a PtCo/C Cathode
journal, January 2019
- Slack, J. J.; Gumeci, C.; Dale, N.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 7
Contaminant Cation Effect on Oxygen Transport through the Ionomers of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
journal, January 2019
- Braaten, Jonathan P.; Xu, Xiaomin; Cai, Yun
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 16
PtCo Cathode Catalyst Morphological and Compositional Changes after PEM Fuel Cell Accelerated Stress Testing
journal, January 2018
- Sneed, Brian T.; Cullen, David A.; Mukundan, R.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 6