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Title: Strong Electron–Phonon Coupling and Self-Trapped Excitons in the Defect Halide Perovskites A3M2I9 (A = Cs, Rb; M = Bi, Sb)

Abstract

The optical and electronic properties of Bridgman grown single crystals of the wide-bandgap semiconducting defect halide perovskites A3M2I9 (A = Cs, Rb; M = Bi, Sb) have been investigated. Intense Raman scattering was observed at room temperature for each compound, indicating high polarizability and strong electron–phonon coupling. Both low-temperature and room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) were measured for each compound. Cs3Sb2I9 and Rb3Sb2I9 have broad PL emission bands between 1.75 and 2.05 eV with peaks at 1.96 and 1.92 eV, respectively. The Cs3Bi2I9 PL spectra showed broad emission consisting of several overlapping bands in the 1.65–2.2 eV range. Evidence of strong electron–phonon coupling comparable to that of the alkali halides was observed in phonon broadening of the PL emission. Effective phonon energies obtained from temperature-dependent PL measurements were in agreement with the Raman peak energies. A model is proposed whereby electron–phonon interactions in Cs3Sb2I9, Rb3Sb2I9, and Cs3Bi2I9 induce small polarons, resulting in trapping of excitons by the lattice. The recombination of these self-trapped excitons is responsible for the broad PL emission. Finally, Rb3Bi2I9, Rb3Sb2I9, and Cs3Bi2I9 exhibit high resistivity and photoconductivity response under laser photoexcitation, indicating that these compounds possess potential as semiconductor hard radiation detector materials.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]
  1. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
  2. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
  3. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1494819
Grant/Contract Number:  
NA0002522; AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Chemistry of Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 29; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

McCall, Kyle M., Stoumpos, Constantinos C., Kostina, Svetlana S., Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., and Wessels, Bruce W. Strong Electron–Phonon Coupling and Self-Trapped Excitons in the Defect Halide Perovskites A3M2I9 (A = Cs, Rb; M = Bi, Sb). United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01184.
McCall, Kyle M., Stoumpos, Constantinos C., Kostina, Svetlana S., Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., & Wessels, Bruce W. Strong Electron–Phonon Coupling and Self-Trapped Excitons in the Defect Halide Perovskites A3M2I9 (A = Cs, Rb; M = Bi, Sb). United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01184
McCall, Kyle M., Stoumpos, Constantinos C., Kostina, Svetlana S., Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., and Wessels, Bruce W. Thu . "Strong Electron–Phonon Coupling and Self-Trapped Excitons in the Defect Halide Perovskites A3M2I9 (A = Cs, Rb; M = Bi, Sb)". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01184. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1494819.
@article{osti_1494819,
title = {Strong Electron–Phonon Coupling and Self-Trapped Excitons in the Defect Halide Perovskites A3M2I9 (A = Cs, Rb; M = Bi, Sb)},
author = {McCall, Kyle M. and Stoumpos, Constantinos C. and Kostina, Svetlana S. and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. and Wessels, Bruce W.},
abstractNote = {The optical and electronic properties of Bridgman grown single crystals of the wide-bandgap semiconducting defect halide perovskites A3M2I9 (A = Cs, Rb; M = Bi, Sb) have been investigated. Intense Raman scattering was observed at room temperature for each compound, indicating high polarizability and strong electron–phonon coupling. Both low-temperature and room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) were measured for each compound. Cs3Sb2I9 and Rb3Sb2I9 have broad PL emission bands between 1.75 and 2.05 eV with peaks at 1.96 and 1.92 eV, respectively. The Cs3Bi2I9 PL spectra showed broad emission consisting of several overlapping bands in the 1.65–2.2 eV range. Evidence of strong electron–phonon coupling comparable to that of the alkali halides was observed in phonon broadening of the PL emission. Effective phonon energies obtained from temperature-dependent PL measurements were in agreement with the Raman peak energies. A model is proposed whereby electron–phonon interactions in Cs3Sb2I9, Rb3Sb2I9, and Cs3Bi2I9 induce small polarons, resulting in trapping of excitons by the lattice. The recombination of these self-trapped excitons is responsible for the broad PL emission. Finally, Rb3Bi2I9, Rb3Sb2I9, and Cs3Bi2I9 exhibit high resistivity and photoconductivity response under laser photoexcitation, indicating that these compounds possess potential as semiconductor hard radiation detector materials.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01184},
journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
number = 9,
volume = 29,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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  • DOI: 10.1039/c9tc01765h

High‐Pressure Band‐Gap Engineering and Metallization in the Perovskite Derivative Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9
journal, July 2019


Bandgap engineering in two-dimensional halide perovskite Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 nanocrystals under pressure
journal, January 2020

  • Geng, Ting; Ma, Zhiwei; Chen, Yaping
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 12, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09533k

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Application of Stable Lead-Free Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 Perovskite Nanocrystals
journal, January 2018


Colloidal syntheses of zero-dimensional Cs 4 SnX 6 (X = Br, I) nanocrystals with high emission efficiencies
journal, January 2020

  • Tan, Li; Wang, Wu; Li, Qian
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 56, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08216f

Hybrid Metal Halides with Multiple Photoluminescence Centers
journal, November 2019


Green solvent assisted synthesis of cesium bismuth halide perovskite nanocrystals and the influences of slow and fast anion exchange rates
journal, January 2019

  • Ali, Rana Faryad; Andreu, Irene; Gates, Byron D.
  • Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9na00586b

Pressure-induced emission of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
journal, October 2018


Bandgap engineering of a lead-free defect perovskite Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 through trivalent doping of Ru 3+
journal, January 2018

  • Gu, Jinyu; Yan, Gangbin; Lian, Yuebin
  • RSC Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04422h

Revealing the nature of photoluminescence emission in the metal-halide double perovskite Cs 2 AgBiBr 6
journal, January 2019

  • Zelewski, S. J.; Urban, J. M.; Surrente, A.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 27
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9tc02402f

Transformation of Perovskite BaBiO 3 into Layered BaBiO 2.5 Crystals Featuring Unusual Chemical Bonding and Luminescence
journal, May 2018

  • Li, Hong; Zhao, Qing; Liu, Bo-Mei
  • Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 35
  • DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801257

Surprising discoveries on the way to an old compound: four transient iodido antimonates
journal, January 2019

  • Dehnhardt, Natalie; Böth, André; Heine, Johanna
  • Dalton Transactions, Vol. 48, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00575g

Distinct green electroluminescence from lead-free CsCuBr 2 halide micro-crosses
journal, January 2019

  • Li, Tao; Mo, Xiaoming; Peng, Chengyu
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 31
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09265f

Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Next‐Generation Optoelectronics
journal, April 2019


Enhanced On–Off Ratio Photodetectors Based on Lead‐Free Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 Single Crystal Thin Films
journal, February 2020

  • Li, Wen‐Guang; Wang, Xu‐Dong; Liao, Jin‐Feng
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909701

Lead free halide perovskite Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 bulk crystals grown by a low temperature solution method
journal, January 2018

  • Zhang, Hongjian; Xu, Yadong; Sun, Qihao
  • CrystEngComm, Vol. 20, Issue 34
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00925b

Progress in Theoretical Study of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cell Materials
journal, August 2017


Negative Thermal Quenching of Efficient White‐Light Emission in a 1D Ladder‐Like Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Material
journal, July 2019

  • Barkaoui, Hamdi; Abid, Haitham; Zelewski, Szymon
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201900763

Bismuth Halide Perovskite‐Like Materials: Current Opportunities and Challenges
journal, March 2019


Self-trapped state enabled filterless narrowband photodetections in 2D layered perovskite single crystals
journal, February 2019


Direct thermal neutron detection by the 2D semiconductor 6LiInP2Se6
journal, January 2020


Pressure-Induced Emission Enhancement, Band-Gap Narrowing, and Metallization of Halide Perovskite Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9
journal, July 2018


All-Inorganic Bismuth-Based Perovskite Quantum Dots with Bright Blue Photoluminescence and Excellent Stability
journal, November 2017

  • Leng, Meiying; Yang, Ying; Zeng, Kai
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201704446

Colloidal Synthesis and Photophysics of M 3 Sb 2 I 9 (M=Cs and Rb) Nanocrystals: Lead-Free Perovskites
journal, October 2017

  • Pal, Jaya; Manna, Suman; Mondal, Anirban
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709040

Pressure‐Induced Emission (PIE) and Phase Transition of a Two‐dimensional Halide Double Perovskite (BA) 4 AgBiBr 8 (BA=CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 NH 3 + )
journal, October 2019

  • Fang, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Long; Wu, Lianwei
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 43
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906311

Hybrid Metal Halides with Multiple Photoluminescence Centers
journal, November 2019

  • Li, Mingze; Zhou, Jun; Zhou, Guojun
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 51
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911419

Anionic order and band gap engineering in vacancy ordered triple perovskites
journal, January 2019

  • Hodgkins, Taylor L.; Savory, Christopher N.; Bass, Kelsey K.
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09947b

Unveiling lasing mechanism in CsPbBr 3 microsphere cavities
journal, January 2019

  • Du, Wenna; Zhang, Shuai; Wu, Zhiyong
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09634a

Recent Progress in Metal Halide Perovskite Micro‐ and Nanolasers
journal, April 2019


From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives
journal, January 2019


“Unleaded” Perovskites: Status Quo and Future Prospects of Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, September 2018

  • Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803230

Genesis, challenges and opportunities for colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
journal, February 2018

  • Akkerman, Quinten A.; Rainò, Gabriele; Kovalenko, Maksym V.
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0018-4

White light emission in low-dimensional perovskites
journal, January 2019

  • Cortecchia, Daniele; Yin, Jun; Petrozza, Annamaria
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9tc01036j

Emerging Perovskite Nanocrystals-Enhanced Solid-State Lighting and Liquid-Crystal Displays
journal, January 2019


Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Challenges, Applications, and Future Aspects
journal, January 2019


Narrow Emission from Rb 3 Sb 2 I 9 Nanoparticles
journal, November 2019

  • Johnston, Andrew; Dinic, Filip; Todorović, Petar
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201901606

Excitons and narrow bands determine the optical properties of cesium bismuth halides
journal, November 2019


Vibrational Coupling between Organic and Inorganic Sublattices of Hybrid Perovskites
journal, September 2018

  • Grechko, Maksim; Bretschneider, Simon A.; Vietze, Laura
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 41
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806676

From Pb to Bi: A Promising Family of Pb‐Free Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
journal, April 2020

  • Wu, Cuncun; Zhang, Qiaohui; Liu, Ganghong
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902496

Colloidal Synthesis and Optical Properties of All‐Inorganic Low‐Dimensional Cesium Copper Halide Nanocrystals
journal, September 2019


Lead‐Free Sodium–Indium Double Perovskite Nanocrystals through Doping Silver Cations for Bright Yellow Emission
journal, November 2019


Intrinsic Self‐Trapped Emission in 0D Lead‐Free (C 4 H 14 N 2 ) 2 In 2 Br 10 Single Crystal
journal, September 2019

  • Zhou, Lei; Liao, Jin‐Feng; Huang, Zeng‐Guang
  • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 43
  • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907503

Rational design of a triiodide-intercalated dielectric-switching hybrid for visible-light absorption
journal, January 2018

  • Zhang, Weichuan; Kou, Bo; Peng, Yu
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8tc04372h

Colloidal Synthesis and Photophysics of M 3 Sb 2 I 9 (M=Cs and Rb) Nanocrystals: Lead-Free Perovskites
journal, October 2017


Intrinsic Broadband White-Light Emission from Ultrastable, Cationic Lead Halide Layered Materials
journal, October 2017

  • Zhuang, Zewen; Peng, Chengdong; Zhang, Guiyang
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706660

Pressure-induced emission of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals.
text, January 2018

  • Ma, Zhiwei; Liu, Zhun; Lu, Siyu
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.33885

Pressure-Induced Emission Enhancement, Band-Gap Narrowing, and Metallization of Halide Perovskite Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9
journal, July 2018

  • Zhang, Long; Liu, Chunming; Wang, Lingrui
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 35
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804310

Hybrid Metal Halides with Multiple Photoluminescence Centers
text, January 2019


Self-trapped state enabled filterless narrowband photodetections in 2D layered perovskite single crystals
journal, February 2019


Prospects for low-toxicity lead-free perovskite solar cells
journal, February 2019