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Title: Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin

Abstract

In the Amazon basin, particles containing mixed sodium salts are routinely observed and are attributed to marine aerosols transported from the Atlantic Ocean. Using chemical imaging analysis, we show that, during the wet season, fungal spores emitted by the forest biosphere contribute at least 30% (by number) to sodium salt particles in the central Amazon basin. Hydration experiments indicate that sodium content in fungal spores governs their growth factors. Modeling results suggest that fungal spores account for ~69% (31-95%) of the total sodium mass during the wet season and that their fractional contribution increases during nighttime. Contrary to common assumptions that sodium-containing aerosols originate primarily from marine sources, our results suggest that locally-emitted fungal spores contribute substantially to the number and mass of coarse particles containing sodium. Hence, their role in cloud formation and contribution to salt cycles and the terrestrial ecosystem in the Amazon basin warrant further consideration.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [5];  [6]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [9];  [10]; ORCiD logo [11]
  1. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  2. Xiamen Univ., Xiamen (China)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. Wurzburg, Wurzburg (Germany)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany)
  6. Univ. Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP (Brazil)
  7. Univ. of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Univ. Lille, Lille (France)
  8. Federal Univ. of Para, Belem (Brazil)
  9. Univ. of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)
  10. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  11. Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1483630
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1493267
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-130861
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830; AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

China, Swarup, Burrows, Susannah M., Wang, Bingbing, Harder, Tristan H., Weis, Johannes, Tanarhte, Meryem, Rizzo, Luciana V., Brito, Joel, Cirino, Glauber G., Ma, Po -Lun, Cliff, John, Artaxo, Paulo, Gilles, Mary K., and Laskin, Alexander. Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07066-4.
China, Swarup, Burrows, Susannah M., Wang, Bingbing, Harder, Tristan H., Weis, Johannes, Tanarhte, Meryem, Rizzo, Luciana V., Brito, Joel, Cirino, Glauber G., Ma, Po -Lun, Cliff, John, Artaxo, Paulo, Gilles, Mary K., & Laskin, Alexander. Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07066-4
China, Swarup, Burrows, Susannah M., Wang, Bingbing, Harder, Tristan H., Weis, Johannes, Tanarhte, Meryem, Rizzo, Luciana V., Brito, Joel, Cirino, Glauber G., Ma, Po -Lun, Cliff, John, Artaxo, Paulo, Gilles, Mary K., and Laskin, Alexander. Mon . "Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07066-4. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1483630.
@article{osti_1483630,
title = {Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin},
author = {China, Swarup and Burrows, Susannah M. and Wang, Bingbing and Harder, Tristan H. and Weis, Johannes and Tanarhte, Meryem and Rizzo, Luciana V. and Brito, Joel and Cirino, Glauber G. and Ma, Po -Lun and Cliff, John and Artaxo, Paulo and Gilles, Mary K. and Laskin, Alexander},
abstractNote = {In the Amazon basin, particles containing mixed sodium salts are routinely observed and are attributed to marine aerosols transported from the Atlantic Ocean. Using chemical imaging analysis, we show that, during the wet season, fungal spores emitted by the forest biosphere contribute at least 30% (by number) to sodium salt particles in the central Amazon basin. Hydration experiments indicate that sodium content in fungal spores governs their growth factors. Modeling results suggest that fungal spores account for ~69% (31-95%) of the total sodium mass during the wet season and that their fractional contribution increases during nighttime. Contrary to common assumptions that sodium-containing aerosols originate primarily from marine sources, our results suggest that locally-emitted fungal spores contribute substantially to the number and mass of coarse particles containing sodium. Hence, their role in cloud formation and contribution to salt cycles and the terrestrial ecosystem in the Amazon basin warrant further consideration.},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-07066-4},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = 1,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 19 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Mon Nov 19 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

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Transfigured Morphology and Ameliorated Production of Six Monascus Pigments by Acetate Species Supplementation in Monascus ruber M7
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