Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Aqueous Synthesis of Technetium-Doped Titanium Dioxide by Direct Oxidation of Titanium Powder, a Precursor for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms

Abstract

Technetium-99 (Tc) is a problematic fission product that complicates the long-term disposal of nuclear waste due to its long half-life, high fission yield, and the environmental mobility of pertechnetate, its stable form in aerobic environments. One approach to preventing Tc contamination is through incorporation into durable waste forms based on weathering-resistant minerals such as rutile (titanium dioxide). Here, the incorporation of technetium into titanium dioxide by means of simple, aqueous chemistry - direct oxidation of titanium powder in the presence of ammonium fluoride - is achieved. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicate that Tc(IV) replaces Ti(IV) within the structure. Rather than being incorporated as isolated Tc(IV) ions, Tc is present as pairs of edge-sharing Tc(IV) octahedra similar to molecular Tc(IV) complexes such as [(H2EDTA)TcIV](μ-O)2. Technetium-doped TiO2 was suspended in deionized water under aerobic conditions, and the Tc leached under these conditions was followed for 8 months. The normalized release rate of Tc (LRTc) from the TiO2 particles is low (3 × 10-6g m-2d-1), which illustrates the potential utility of TiO2 as waste form. However, the small size of the as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles results in an estimated retention of Tc of 104 years, which is only amore » fraction of the half-life of Tc (2.1 × 105 years).« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1482527
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Chemistry of Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 29; Journal Issue: 24; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Lukens, Wayne W., and Saslow, Sarah A. Aqueous Synthesis of Technetium-Doped Titanium Dioxide by Direct Oxidation of Titanium Powder, a Precursor for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03567.
Copy to clipboard
Lukens, Wayne W., & Saslow, Sarah A. Aqueous Synthesis of Technetium-Doped Titanium Dioxide by Direct Oxidation of Titanium Powder, a Precursor for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03567
Copy to clipboard
Lukens, Wayne W., and Saslow, Sarah A. Sat . "Aqueous Synthesis of Technetium-Doped Titanium Dioxide by Direct Oxidation of Titanium Powder, a Precursor for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03567. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1482527.
Copy to clipboard
@article{osti_1482527,
title = {Aqueous Synthesis of Technetium-Doped Titanium Dioxide by Direct Oxidation of Titanium Powder, a Precursor for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms},
author = {Lukens, Wayne W. and Saslow, Sarah A.},
abstractNote = {Technetium-99 (Tc) is a problematic fission product that complicates the long-term disposal of nuclear waste due to its long half-life, high fission yield, and the environmental mobility of pertechnetate, its stable form in aerobic environments. One approach to preventing Tc contamination is through incorporation into durable waste forms based on weathering-resistant minerals such as rutile (titanium dioxide). Here, the incorporation of technetium into titanium dioxide by means of simple, aqueous chemistry - direct oxidation of titanium powder in the presence of ammonium fluoride - is achieved. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicate that Tc(IV) replaces Ti(IV) within the structure. Rather than being incorporated as isolated Tc(IV) ions, Tc is present as pairs of edge-sharing Tc(IV) octahedra similar to molecular Tc(IV) complexes such as [(H2EDTA)TcIV](μ-O)2. Technetium-doped TiO2 was suspended in deionized water under aerobic conditions, and the Tc leached under these conditions was followed for 8 months. The normalized release rate of Tc (LRTc) from the TiO2 particles is low (3 × 10-6g m-2d-1), which illustrates the potential utility of TiO2 as waste form. However, the small size of the as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles results in an estimated retention of Tc of 104 years, which is only a fraction of the half-life of Tc (2.1 × 105 years).},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03567},
journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
number = 24,
volume = 29,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Nov 18 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Sat Nov 18 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Copy to clipboard
Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03567
Copyright Statement
Other availability
Search WorldCat Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 11 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Save / Share:
Export Metadata
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.

Works referenced in this record:

The biogeochemistry of technetium: A review of the behavior of an artificial element in the natural environment
journal, October 2010

  • Icenhower, J. P.; Qafoku, N. P.; Zachara, J. M.
  • American Journal of Science, Vol. 310, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.2475/08.2010.02

The solubility of technetium in the near-field environment of a radioactive waste repository
journal, July 1990

Studies on the Immobilization of Technetium under Near Field Geochemical Conditions
journal, January 1996

[環境におけるテクネチウム]<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2006-01-01">January 2006</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Ishii, Toshiaki; Sakuragi, Tomofumi</span> </li> <li> RADIOISOTOPES, Vol. 55, Issue 8</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.55.485" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.3769/radioisotopes.55.485<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.50.S1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Report to the American Physical Society by the study group on nuclear fuel cycles and waste management<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1978-01-01">January 1978</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Hebel, L. Charles; Christensen, Eldon L.; Donath, Fred A.</span> </li> <li> Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 1</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.50.S1" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1103/RevModPhys.50.S1<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2007.95.9.523" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Solubility study of Tc(IV) in a granitic water<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2007-09-01">September 2007</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Liu, D. J.; Yao, J.; Wang, B.</span> </li> <li> Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 95, Issue 9</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2007.95.9.523" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1524/ract.2007.95.9.523<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSL.0000030285.11512.1f" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Thermodynamic Model for the Solubility of TcO <sub>2</sub> · xH <sub>2</sub> O(am) in the Aqueous Tc(IV) – Na <sup>+</sup> – Cl <sup>-</sup> – H <sup>+</sup> – OH <sup>-</sup> – H <sub>2</sub> O System<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2004-02-01">February 2004</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Hess, Nancy J.; Xia, Yuanxian; Rai, Dhanpat</span> </li> <li> Journal of Solution Chemistry, Vol. 33, Issue 2</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSL.0000030285.11512.1f" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1023/B:JOSL.0000030285.11512.1f<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/es200110y" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Dissolution of Technetium(IV) Oxide by Natural and Synthetic Organic Ligands under both Reducing and Oxidizing Conditions<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2011-06-01">June 2011</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Gu, Baohua; Dong, Wenming; Liang, Liyuan</span> </li> <li> Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 11</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/es200110y" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1021/es200110y<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/es103390z" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Interactions of Tc(IV) with Humic Substances<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2011-04-01">April 2011</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Boggs, Mark A.; Minton, Travis; Dong, Wenming</span> </li> <li> Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 7</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/es103390z" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1021/es103390z<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1993.63.special-issue.87" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Complexation of Technetium with Humic Acid<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1993-01-01">January 1993</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Sekine, T.; Watanabe, A.; Yoshihara, K.</span> </li> <li> Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 63, Issue s1</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1993.63.special-issue.87" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1524/ract.1993.63.special-issue.87<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT00973E" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Thermodynamic description of Tc( <scp>iv</scp> ) solubility and hydrolysis in dilute to concentrated NaCl, MgCl <sub>2</sub> and CaCl <sub>2</sub> solutions<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2016-01-01">January 2016</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Yalçıntaş, Ezgi; Gaona, Xavier; Altmaier, Marcus</span> </li> <li> Dalton Transactions, Vol. 45, Issue 21</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT00973E" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1039/C6DT00973E<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-176-411" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Simultaneous Evaporation of CS and TC During Vitrification-A Thermochemical Approach<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1989-01-01">January 1989</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Migge, H.</span> </li> <li> MRS Proceedings, Vol. 176</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-176-411" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1557/PROC-176-411<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-44-823" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Technetium Volatilization During HLLW Vitrification<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1984-01-01">January 1984</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Lammertz, H.; Merz, E.; Halaszovich, S. T.</span> </li> <li> MRS Proceedings, Vol. 44</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-44-823" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1557/PROC-44-823<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-608-697" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Tc-99 and Cs-137 Volatility from the DWPF Production Melter During Vitrification of the First Macrobatch of HLW Sludge at the Savannah River Site<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1999-01-01">January 1999</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Bibler, N. E.; Fellinger, T. L.; Marra, S. L.</span> </li> <li> MRS Proceedings, Vol. 608</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-608-697" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1557/PROC-608-697<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(64)80152-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Crystal chemistry of some technetium-containing oxides<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1964-12-01">December 1964</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Muller, O.; White, W. B.; Roy, R.</span> </li> <li> Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 26, Issue 12</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(64)80152-4" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1016/0022-1902(64)80152-4<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.351.04" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Disposal of high-level nuclear wastes: a geological perspective<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1985-04-01">April 1985</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Ringwood, A. E.</span> </li> <li> Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 49, Issue 351</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.351.04" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1180/minmag.1985.049.351.04<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/278219a0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Immobilisation of high level nuclear reactor wastes in SYNROC<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1979-03-01">March 1979</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Ringwood, A. E.; Kesson, S. E.; Ware, N. G.</span> </li> <li> Nature, Vol. 278, Issue 5701</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/278219a0" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1038/278219a0<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.08.052" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Incorporating technetium in minerals and other solids: A review<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2015-11-01">November 2015</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Luksic, Steven A.; Riley, Brian J.; Schweiger, Michael</span> </li> <li> Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 466</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.08.052" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.08.052<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT03626K" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Technetium incorporation in scheelite: insights from first-principles<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2016-01-01">January 2016</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Ackerman, Matthew; Kim, Eunja; Weck, Philippe F.</span> </li> <li> Dalton Transactions, Vol. 45, Issue 45</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT03626K" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1039/C6DT03626K<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c0dt00212g" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Structural and electronic trends in rare-earth technetate pyrochlores<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2010-01-01">January 2010</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Weck, Philippe F.; Kim, Eunja; Poineau, Frederic</span> </li> <li> Dalton Transactions, Vol. 39, Issue 31</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c0dt00212g" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1039/c0dt00212g<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001551" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1976-09-01">September 1976</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Shannon, R. D.</span> </li> <li> Acta Crystallographica Section A, Vol. 32, Issue 5, p. 751-767</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001551" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1107/S0567739476001551<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-465-341" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Synroc Derivatives for the Hanford Waste Remediation Task<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1996-01-01">January 1996</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Vance, E. R.; Hart, K. P.; Day, R. A.</span> </li> <li> MRS Proceedings, Vol. 465</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-465-341" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1557/PROC-465-341<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-412-281" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Immobilization of Separated Tc and Cs/Sr in Synroc<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1995-01-01">January 1995</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Hart, K. P.; Vance, E. R.; Day, R. A.</span> </li> <li> MRS Proceedings, Vol. 412</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-412-281" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1557/PROC-412-281<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1983.tb10554.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Magnesium Titanate Spinel: A Ceramic Phase for Immobilization of Technetium-99 from Radioactive Wastes<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1983-10-01">October 1983</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Khalil, M. Yasser; White, William B.</span> </li> <li> Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 66, Issue 10</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1983.tb10554.x" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1111/j.1151-2916.1983.tb10554.x<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-26-655" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Dissolution of Technetium From Nuclear Waste Forms<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1983-01-01">January 1983</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Yasser Khalil, M.; White, William B.</span> </li> <li> MRS Proceedings, Vol. 26</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-26-655" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1557/PROC-26-655<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2012.10.095" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Fabrication and Properties of Technetium-bearing Pyrochlores and Perovskites as Potential Waste Forms<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2012-01-01">January 2012</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Hartmann, Thomas; Alaniz, Ariana J.; Antonio, Daniel J.</span> </li> <li> Procedia Chemistry, Vol. 7</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2012.10.095" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1016/j.proche.2012.10.095<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.94.85" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Fabrication and Chemical Durability of Ceramic Technetium-Based Pyrochlores and Perovskites as Potential Waste Forms<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2014-10-01">October 2014</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Hartmann, Thomas; Alaniz-Ortez, Izua J.</span> </li> <li> Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 94</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.94.85" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.94.85<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1984.36.12.3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Chemistty of the Purex Process<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1984-01-01">January 1984</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Mckibben, J. Malvyn</span> </li> <li> Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 36, Issue 1-2</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1984.36.12.3" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1524/ract.1984.36.12.3<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials:  Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2007-07-01">July 2007</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Chen, Xiaobo; Mao, Samuel S.</span> </li> <li> Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 7</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1021/cr0500535<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01207-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Porous titania films prepared from interactions of titanium with hydrogen peroxide solution<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2002-01-01">January 2002</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Wu, Jin-Ming; Hayakawa, Satoshi; Tsuru, Kanji</span> </li> <li> Scripta Materialia, Vol. 46, Issue 1</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01207-6" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01207-6<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715614000840" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">The HighScore suite<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2014-10-30">October 2014</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Degen, Thomas; Sadki, Mustapha; Bron, Egbert</span> </li> <li> Powder Diffraction, Vol. 29, Issue S2</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715614000840" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1017/S0885715614000840<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049500016964" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name"><em>IFEFFIT</em>  : interactive XAFS analysis and <em>FEFF</em> fitting<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2001-03-01">March 2001</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Newville, Matthew</span> </li> <li> Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 8, Issue 2</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049500016964" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1107/S0909049500016964<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1238/Physica.Topical.115a01007" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">ATHENA and ARTEMIS Interactive Graphical Data Analysisusing IFEFFIT<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2005-01-01">January 2005</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Ravel, B.; Newville, M.</span> </li> <li> Physica Scripta</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1238/Physica.Topical.115a01007" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1238/Physica.Topical.115a01007<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.44.4146" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name"><em>Ab initio</em> curved-wave x-ray-absorption fine structure<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1991-09-01">September 1991</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Mustre de Leon, J.; Rehr, J. J.; Zabinsky, S. I.</span> </li> <li> Physical Review B, Vol. 44, Issue 9</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.44.4146" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1103/PhysRevB.44.4146<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2009.3002" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Crystal chemistry of the magnetite-ulvospinel series<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2009-01-01">January 2009</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Bosi, F.; Halenius, U.; Skogby, H.</span> </li> <li> American Mineralogist, Vol. 94, Issue 1</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2009.3002" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.2138/am.2009.3002<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2644450" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">A Variation of the F-Test for Determining Statistical Relevance of Particular Parameters in EXAFS Fits<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">conference</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2007-01-01">January 2007</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Downward, L.; Booth, C. H.; Lukens, W. W.</span> </li> <li> X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE - XAFS13: 13th International Conference, AIP Conference Proceedings</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2644450" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1063/1.2644450<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(81)90015-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Simulation of EPR-spectra of randomly oriented samples<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1981-01-01">January 1981</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Daul, C.; Schläpfer, C. W.; Mohos, B.</span> </li> <li> Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 21, Issue 3</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(81)90015-1" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1016/0010-4655(81)90015-1<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200462459" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">High-Aspect-Ratio TiO <sub>2</sub> Nanotubes by Anodization of Titanium<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2005-02-25">February 2005</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Macák, Jan M.; Tsuchiya, Hiroaki; Schmuki, Patrik</span> </li> <li> Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 44, Issue 14</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200462459" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1002/anie.200462459<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.87.1007_375" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Brookite Formation by the Oxidation of Titanium Metal under Hydrothermal Conditions<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1979-01-01">January 1979</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Oota, Toshitaka; Yamai, Iwao; Saito, Hajime</span> </li> <li> Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan, Vol. 87, Issue 1007</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.87.1007_375" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.2109/jcersj1950.87.1007_375<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00319a014" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Technetium bis(.mu.-oxo) dimers of 1,4,7-triazacyclonane-N,N',N''-triacetate (TCTA). Synthesis and characterization of [(TCTA)Tc(.mu.-O)2Tc(TCTA)]n- (n = 2, 3) and the crystal structure of Ba2[(TCTA)Tc(.mu.-O)2Tc(TCTA)](ClO4).9H2O<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1989-10-01">October 1989</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Linder, Karen E.; Dewan, John C.; Davison, Alan</span> </li> <li> Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 28, Issue 20</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00319a014" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1021/ic00319a014<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50225a046" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Preparation, characterization, and crystal, molecular, and electronic structure of (H2EDTA)99TcIV(.mu.-O)299TcIV(H2EDTA).cntdot.5H2O. A 2.33-.ANG. Tc-Tc distance which may represent a .sigma.2.pi.2.delta.*2 bond<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1981-11-01">November 1981</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Buergi, H. B.; Anderegg, G.; Blaeuenstein, P.</span> </li> <li> Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 11</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50225a046" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1021/ic50225a046<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19830660528" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Preparation, characterization, crystal and molecular structure of Na <sub>2</sub> [N(CH <sub>2</sub> COO) <sub>3</sub> <sup>99</sup> Tc(IV) (μ-O) <sub>2</sub> <sup>99</sup> Tc(IV)N(CH <sub>2</sub> COO) <sub>3</sub> ] · 6H <sub>2</sub> O<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1983-07-27">July 1983</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Anderegg, Giorgio; Müller, Edgar; Zollinger, Kurt</span> </li> <li> Helvetica Chimica Acta, Vol. 66, Issue 5</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19830660528" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1002/hlca.19830660528<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)88144-X" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Synthesis and X-ray structure of a new Tc(IV) oxalato complex: K4[(C2O4)2Tc(μ-O)2Tc(C2O4)2]·3H2O<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1990-12-01">December 1990</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Alberto, R.; Anderegg, G.; Albinati, A.</span> </li> <li> Inorganica Chimica Acta, Vol. 178, Issue 1</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)88144-X" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1016/S0020-1693(00)88144-X<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02037777" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">EPR spectroscopy in the analytical chemistry of technetium complexes<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1988-06-01">June 1988</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Abram, U.; Kirmse, R.</span> </li> <li> Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, Vol. 122, Issue 2</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02037777" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1007/BF02037777<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10256019008624263" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">EPR on Technetium Complexes – A Review<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1990-01-01">January 1990</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Kirmse, R.; Abram, U.</span> </li> <li> Isotopenpraxis Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, Vol. 26, Issue 4</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10256019008624263" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1080/10256019008624263<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431257" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Hyperfine and superhyperfine EPR spectra of Tc(IV) and Re(IV) in tin dioxide single crystals<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1975-12-01">December 1975</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Pieper, H. H.; Schwochau, K.</span> </li> <li> The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 63, Issue 11</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431257" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1063/1.431257<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/es015653+" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Products of Pertechnetate Radiolysis in Highly Alkaline Solution:  Structure of TcO<sub>2</sub>·<i>x</i>H<sub>2</sub>O<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2002-02-02">February 2002</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Lukens,, Wayne W.; Bucher, Jerome J.; Edelstein, Norman M.</span> </li> <li> Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 36, Issue 5</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/es015653+" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1021/es015653+<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01235" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Thermal Expansion Behavior in TcO <sub>2</sub> . Toward Breaking the Tc–Tc Bond<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2017-07-11">July 2017</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Reynolds, Emily; Zhang, Zhaoming; Avdeev, Maxim</span> </li> <li> Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 15</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01235" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01235<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0727363" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Structural Studies of TcO <sub>2</sub> by Neutron Powder Diffraction and First-Principles Calculations<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2007-08-01">August 2007</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Rodriguez, Efrain E.; Poineau, Frederic; Llobet, Anna</span> </li> <li> Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 129, Issue 33</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0727363" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1021/ja0727363<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.06.022" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Technetium and ruthenium incorporation into rutile TiO2<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2013-10-01">October 2013</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Kuo, E. Y.; Qin, M. J.; Thorogood, G. J.</span> </li> <li> Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 441, Issue 1-3</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.06.022" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.06.022<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500072j" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Structural Characteristics and Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of Nanocrystalline TiO <sub>2</sub><span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2014-05-12">May 2014</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Zhang, Hengzhong; Banfield, Jillian F.</span> </li> <li> Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 19</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500072j" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1021/cr500072j<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1972.136.3-4.273" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Refinement of the structure of anatase at several temperatures*<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="1972-11-01">November 1972</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Horn, M.; Schwerdtfeger, C. F.; Meagher, E. P.</span> </li> <li> Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Vol. 136, Issue 3-4</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1972.136.3-4.273" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1524/zkri.1972.136.3-4.273<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> </div> <div class="pagination-container small"> <a class="pure-button prev page" href="#" rel="prev"><span class="sr-only">Previous Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-left"></span></a> <ul class="pagination d-inline-block" style="padding-left:.2em;"></ul> <a class="pure-button next page" href="#" rel="next"><span class="sr-only">Next Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 order-sm-3"> <ul class="nav nav-stacked"> <li class="active"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="*"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> All References</a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="conference"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> conference<small class="text-muted"> (1)</small></a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="journal"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> journal<small class="text-muted"> (51)</small></a></li> </ul> <div style="margin-top:2em;"> <form class="pure-form small text-muted reference-search"> <label for="reference-search-text" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input class="search form-control pure-input-1" id="reference-search-text" placeholder="Search" style="margin-bottom:10px;" /> <fieldset aria-label="Sort By"> <legend class="legend-filters sr-only">Sort by:</legend> <div style="margin-left:1em; font-weight:normal; line-height: 1.6em;"><input type="radio" class="sort" name="references-sort" data-sort="name" style="position:relative;top:2px;" id="reference-search-sort-name"><label for="reference-search-sort-name" style="margin-left: .3em;">Sort by title</label></div> <div style="margin-left:1em; font-weight:normal; line-height: 1.6em;"><input type="radio" class="sort" name="references-sort" data-sort="date" data-order="desc" style="position:relative;top:2px;" id="reference-search-sort-date"><label for="reference-search-sort-date" style="margin-left: .3em;">Sort by date</label></div> </fieldset> <div class="text-left" style="margin-left:1em;"> <a href="" class="filter-clear clearfix" title="Clear filter / sort" style="font-weight:normal; float:none;">[ × clear filter / sort ]</a> </div> <input type="submit" id="sort_submit_references" name="submit" aria-label="submit" style="display: none;"/> </form> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="biblio-related" class="tab-content tab-content-sec " data-tab="biblio"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-9 order-sm-9"> <section id="biblio-similar" class="tab-content tab-content-sec active" data-tab="related"> <div class="padding"> <p class="lead text-muted" style="font-size: 18px; margin-top:0px;">Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:</p> <aside> <ul class="item-list" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemList" style="padding-left:0; list-style-type: none;"> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="0" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/1422329-aqueous-synthesis-technetium-doped-titanium-dioxide-direct-oxidation-titanium-powder-precursor-ceramic-nuclear-waste-forms" itemprop="url">Aqueous Synthesis of Technetium-Doped Titanium Dioxide by Direct Oxidation of Titanium Powder, a Precursor for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Lukens, Wayne W.</span> ; <span class="author">Saslow, Sarah A.</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Chemistry of Materials</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">Technetium-99 (Tc) is a problematic fission product that complicates the long-term disposal of nuclear waste due to its long half-life, high fission yield, and the environmental mobility of pertechnetate, its stable form in aerobic environments. One approach to preventing Tc contamination is through incorporation into durable waste forms based on weathering-resistant minerals such as rutile (titanium dioxide). Here, the incorporation of technetium into titanium dioxide by means of simple, aqueous chemistry is presented. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicate that Tc(IV) replaces Ti(IV) within the structure. Rather than being incorporated as isolated Tc(IV) ions, Tc is<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> present as pairs of edge-sharing Tc(IV) octahedra similar to molecular Tc(IV) complexes such as [(H2EDTA)TcIV](u-O)2. Technetium-doped TiO2 was suspended in deionized water under aerobic conditions, and the Tc leached under these conditions was followed for 8 months. The normalized release rate of Tc (LRTc) from the TiO2 particles is low (3×10-6 g m-2 d-1), which illustrates the potential utility of TiO2 as waste form. However, the small size of the as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles results in estimated retention of Tc for 104 years, which is only a fraction of the half-life of Tc (2×10-5 years).</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03567" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1422329" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AC" >https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03567</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/1485476-facile-incorporation-technetium-magnetite-magnesioferrite-hematite-formation-ferrous-nitrate-situ-precursors-iron-oxide-nuclear-waste-forms" itemprop="url">Facile incorporation of technetium into magnetite, magnesioferrite, and hematite by formation of ferrous nitrate <em>in situ</em> : precursors to iron oxide nuclear waste forms</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Lukens, Wayne W.</span> ; <span class="author">Saslow, Sarah A.</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Dalton Transactions</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">Technetium (<sup>99</sup>Tc) is a problematic fission product for the long-term disposal of nuclear waste due to its long half-life, high fission yield, and to the environmental mobility of pertechnetate, the stable Tc species in aerobic environments. One approach to preventing <sup>99</sup>Tc contamination is using durable waste forms based on environmentally stable natural analogs such as hematite (-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) or magnesioferrite (MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>). The incorporation of Tc into hematite, magnesioferrite, and magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) by means of simple, aqueous chemistry is presented starting from TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> in 5 M nitric acid. A combination of X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy reveals that Tc(IV)<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> replaces Fe(III) within the iron oxide structures. Following incorporation, Tc doped samples were suspended in deionized water under aerobic conditions, and the release rate of Tc under these conditions was determined. The results of this work show that Tc leaches more quickly from Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> than from -Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8DT01356J" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1485476" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AC" >https://doi.org/10.1039/C8DT01356J</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1902544-reduction-pertechnetate-chemical-photochemical-approaches-incorporation-tc-iv-titanium-dioxide" itemprop="url">Reduction of Pertechnetate by Chemical and Photochemical Approaches and Incorporation of Tc(IV) into Titanium Dioxide</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Radivojevic Jovanovic, Ivana</span> ; <span class="author">Gallagher, Colleen M. B.</span> ; <span class="author">Salcedo, Ramsey</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">Abstract Technetium‐99 is a prevalent fission product from nuclear waste. The long half‐life (211,000 yr) and environmental mobility of pertechnetate (TcO <sub>4</sub> <sup>−</sup> ) render Tc particularly challenging to isolate and stabilize. Here we present two approaches for development of potential wasteforms using titanium dioxide, TiO <sub>2</sub> . Approach 1 is a low temperature chemical synthesis of TiO <sub>2</sub> doped with Tc(IV) from TcO <sub>4</sub> <sup>−</sup> intended to mimic the Tc waste stream from the UREX family of separations and removes 98.5 % of the Tc, mainly present as edge‐shared Tc(IV) pairs. Approach 2 utilizes TiO <sub>2</sub> to photocatalytically reduce TcO <sub>4</sub> <sup>−</sup> to<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> Tc(IV) stabilized on the surface of or within the TiO <sub>2</sub> lattice. The %Tc removed from solution and adsorbed to TiO <sub>2</sub> is pH dependent, with the maximum Tc(IV) adsorbed at pH 3–4 as either TcO <sub>2</sub> or edge‐sharing Tc(IV) octahedra. The Tc(IV)‐TiO <sub>2</sub> composites materials formed by both approaches are suitable for consolidation into a dense wasteform by Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing).</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202200507" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1902544" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="PM" >https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202200507</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1482510-incorporation-technetium-spinel-ferrites" itemprop="url">Incorporation of Technetium into Spinel Ferrites</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Lukens, Wayne W.</span> ; <span class="author">Magnani, Nicola</span> ; <span class="author">Tyliszczak, Tolek</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Environmental Science and Technology</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">Technetium (<sup>99</sup>Tc) is a problematic fission product for the long-term disposal of nuclear waste due to its long half-life, high fission yield, and to the environmental mobility of pertechnetate, the stable species in aerobic environments. One approach to preventing <sup>99</sup>Tc contamination is using sufficiently durable waste forms. We report the incorporation of technetium into a family of synthetic spinel ferrites that have environmentally durable natural analogs. A combination of X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and chemical analysis reveals that Tc(IV) replaces Fe(III) in octahedral sites and illustrates how the resulting charge mismatch is balanced. When a large excess<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> of divalent metal ions is present, the charge is predominantly balanced by substitution of Fe(III) by M(II). When a large excess of divalent metal ions is absent, the charge is largely balanced by creation of vacancies among the Fe(III) sites (maghemitization). In most samples, Tc is present in Tc-rich regions rather than being homogeneously distributed.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <span class="fa fa-book text-muted" aria-hidden="true"></span> Cited by 30<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04209" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1482510" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04209</a></span></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc fulltext-link " href="/pages/servlets/purl/1482510" title="Link to document media" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-ostiid="1482510" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >Full Text Available</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="4" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/1406815-incorporation-technetium-spinel-ferrites" itemprop="url">Incorporation of Technetium into Spinel Ferrites</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Lukens, Wayne W.</span> ; <span class="author">Magnani, Nicola</span> ; <span class="author">Tyliszczak, Tolek</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Environmental Science and Technology</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">Technetium (99Tc) is a problematic fission product for the long-term disposal of nuclear waste due to its long half-life, high fission yield, and to the environmental mobility of pertechnetate, the stable species in aerobic environments. One approach to preventing 99Tc contamination is using sufficiently durable waste forms. We report the incorporation of technetium into a family of synthetic spinel ferrites that have environmentally durable natural analogs. A combination of X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and chemical analysis reveals that Tc(IV) replaces Fe(III) in octahedral sites and illustrates how the resulting charge mismatch is balanced. When a large excess<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> of divalent metal ions is present, the charge is predominantly balanced by substitution of Fe(III) by M(II). When a large excess of divalent metal ions is absent, the charge is largely balanced by creation of vacancies among the Fe(III) sites (maghemitization). In most samples, Tc is present in Tc-rich regions rather than being homogeneously distributed.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04209" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1406815" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AC" >https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04209</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </section> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 order-sm-3"> <ul class="nav nav-stacked"> <li class="active"><a class="tab-nav disabled" data-tab="related" style="color: #636c72 !important; opacity: 1;"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> Similar Records</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <div class="footer-minor"> <div class="container"> <hr class="footer-separator"/> <br/> <div class="col text-center mt-3"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal"> <ul class="pure-menu-list" id="footer-org-menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item"> <a href="https://energy.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="sprite sprite-footer-us-doe-min" alt="U.S. Department of Energy" /> </a> </li> <li class="pure-menu-item"> <a href="https://www.energy.gov/science/office-science" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="sprite sprite-footer-office-of-science-min" alt="Office of Science" /> </a> </li> <li class="pure-menu-item"> <a href="https://www.osti.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="sprite sprite-footer-osti-min" alt="Office of Scientific and Technical Information" /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col text-center small" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom:2.0rem;"> <div class="row justify-content-center" style="color:white"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal" style='white-space:normal'> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a href="https://www.osti.gov/disclaim" class="pure-menu-link" target="_blank" ref="noopener noreferrer"><span class="fa fa-institution"></span> Website Policies <span class="d-none d-sm-inline d-print-none" style="color:#737373;">/ Important Links</span></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style='float:none;'><a href="/pages/contact" class="pure-menu-link"><span class="fa fa-comments-o"></span>Contact Us</a></li> <li class="d-block d-md-none mb-1"></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style='float:none;'><a target="_blank" title="Vulnerability Disclosure Program" class="pure-menu-link" href="https://doe.responsibledisclosure.com/hc/en-us" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vulnerability Disclosure Program</a></li> <li class="d-block d-lg-none mb-1"></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style="float:none;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ostigov" target="_blank" class="pure-menu-link social ext fa fa-facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="sr-only" style="background-color: #fff; color: #333;">Facebook</span></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style="float:none;"><a href="https://twitter.com/OSTIgov" target="_blank" class="pure-menu-link social ext fa fa-twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="sr-only" style="background-color: #fff; color: #333;">Twitter</span></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style="float:none;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ostigov" target="_blank" class="pure-menu-link social ext fa fa-youtube-play" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="sr-only" style="background-color: #fff; color: #333;">Youtube</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <link href="/pages/css/pages.fonts.240327.0205.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/pages/js/pages.240327.0205.js"></script><noscript></noscript> <script defer src="/pages/js/pages.biblio.240327.0205.js"></script><noscript></noscript> <script defer src="/pages/js/lity.js"></script><noscript></noscript> <script async type="text/javascript" src="/pages/js/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=DOE" id="_fed_an_ua_tag"></script><noscript></noscript> </body> <!-- DOE PAGES v.240327.0205 --> </html>