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Title: Infrared imaging systems for wall protection in the W7-X stellarator (invited)

Abstract

Here, Wendelstein 7-X aims at quasi-steady state operation with up to 10 MW of heating power for 30 min. Power exhaust will be handled predominantly via 10 actively water cooled CFC (carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon) based divertor units designed to withstand power loads of 10 MW/m2 locally in steady state. If local loads exceed this value, a risk of local delamination of the CFC and failure of entire divertor modules arises. Infrared endoscopes to monitor all main plasma facing components are being prepared, and near real time software tools are under development to identify areas of excessive temperature rise, to distinguish them from non-critical events, and to trigger alarms. Tests with different cameras were made in the recent campaign. Long pulse operation enforces additional diagnostic design constraints: for example, the optics need to be thermally decoupled from the endoscope housing. In the upcoming experimental campaign, a graphite scraper element, in front of the island divertor throat, will be tested as a possible means to protect the divertor pumping gap edges during the transient discharge evolution.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [2];  [2];  [4];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [5];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [6];  [2];  [7]; ORCiD logo [4];  [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Greifswald (Germany); Univ. of Szczecin, Szczecin (Poland)
  2. Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Greifswald (Germany)
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  4. Univ. of Cagliari, Cagliari (Italy)
  5. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Julich (Germany)
  6. Thermadiag, Meyreul (France)
  7. CEA Cadarache, Cadarache (France)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)
Contributing Org.:
W7-XTeam
OSTI Identifier:
1481978
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-18-20296
Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Review of Scientific Instruments
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 89; Journal Issue: 10; Conference: High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics Conference, San Diego, CA (United States), 16 Apr 2018; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; Magnetic Fusion Energy

Citation Formats

Jakubowski, Marcin, Drewelow, Peter, Fellinger, Joris, Sitjes, Aleix Puig, Wurden, Glen Anthony, Ali, Adnan, Biedermann, Christoph, Cannas, Barbara, Chauvin, Didier, Gamradt, Marc, Greve, Henry, Gao, Yu, Hathiramani, Dag, König, Ralf, Lorenz, Axel, Moncada, Victor, Niemann, Holger, Ngo, Tran Thanh, Pisano, Fabio, and Pedersen, Thomas Sunn. Infrared imaging systems for wall protection in the W7-X stellarator (invited). United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5038634.
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Jakubowski, Marcin, Drewelow, Peter, Fellinger, Joris, Sitjes, Aleix Puig, Wurden, Glen Anthony, Ali, Adnan, Biedermann, Christoph, Cannas, Barbara, Chauvin, Didier, Gamradt, Marc, Greve, Henry, Gao, Yu, Hathiramani, Dag, König, Ralf, Lorenz, Axel, Moncada, Victor, Niemann, Holger, Ngo, Tran Thanh, Pisano, Fabio, & Pedersen, Thomas Sunn. Infrared imaging systems for wall protection in the W7-X stellarator (invited). United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038634
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Jakubowski, Marcin, Drewelow, Peter, Fellinger, Joris, Sitjes, Aleix Puig, Wurden, Glen Anthony, Ali, Adnan, Biedermann, Christoph, Cannas, Barbara, Chauvin, Didier, Gamradt, Marc, Greve, Henry, Gao, Yu, Hathiramani, Dag, König, Ralf, Lorenz, Axel, Moncada, Victor, Niemann, Holger, Ngo, Tran Thanh, Pisano, Fabio, and Pedersen, Thomas Sunn. Tue . "Infrared imaging systems for wall protection in the W7-X stellarator (invited)". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038634. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1481978.
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@article{osti_1481978,
title = {Infrared imaging systems for wall protection in the W7-X stellarator (invited)},
author = {Jakubowski, Marcin and Drewelow, Peter and Fellinger, Joris and Sitjes, Aleix Puig and Wurden, Glen Anthony and Ali, Adnan and Biedermann, Christoph and Cannas, Barbara and Chauvin, Didier and Gamradt, Marc and Greve, Henry and Gao, Yu and Hathiramani, Dag and König, Ralf and Lorenz, Axel and Moncada, Victor and Niemann, Holger and Ngo, Tran Thanh and Pisano, Fabio and Pedersen, Thomas Sunn},
abstractNote = {Here, Wendelstein 7-X aims at quasi-steady state operation with up to 10 MW of heating power for 30 min. Power exhaust will be handled predominantly via 10 actively water cooled CFC (carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon) based divertor units designed to withstand power loads of 10 MW/m2 locally in steady state. If local loads exceed this value, a risk of local delamination of the CFC and failure of entire divertor modules arises. Infrared endoscopes to monitor all main plasma facing components are being prepared, and near real time software tools are under development to identify areas of excessive temperature rise, to distinguish them from non-critical events, and to trigger alarms. Tests with different cameras were made in the recent campaign. Long pulse operation enforces additional diagnostic design constraints: for example, the optics need to be thermally decoupled from the endoscope housing. In the upcoming experimental campaign, a graphite scraper element, in front of the island divertor throat, will be tested as a possible means to protect the divertor pumping gap edges during the transient discharge evolution.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5038634},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = 10,
volume = 89,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038634
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Cited by: 54 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: One out of 10 W7-X divertors. Each one consists of horizontal target modules(TM1-4h, TM5-6h and TM7-9h), vertical target modules (TM1-3v) and divertor baffles. Depending on the magnetic configuration different parts of the divertor are receiving power loads from plasma edge. Target modules TM1-4h, TM1-3v form a so-called standardmore » divertor region and TM7-9h a so-called high iota divertor. Both names refer to magnetic configurations, which put loads on those parts of the W7-X divertor. In the present campaign (OP1.2) the divertor is inertially cooled. From 2020 (OP2)it will be water-cooled. The observation with IR cameras is performed mostly through ca. 2 m long port tubes (labeled AEF and AEA)« less
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Works referenced in this record:

Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
journal, July 2017

Plasma-material interactions in current tokamaks and their implications for next step fusion reactors
journal, December 2001

The 10 MW ECRH and CD System for W7-X
conference, January 2003

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Design and technological solutions for the plasma facing components of WENDELSTEIN 7-X
journal, October 2011

Plans for the first plasma operation of Wendelstein 7-X
journal, November 2015

Status of the diagnostics development for the first operation phase of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X
journal, November 2014

  • König, R.; Biel, W.; Biedermann, C.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4889905

Overview of diagnostic performance and results for the first operation phase in Wendelstein 7-X (invited)
journal, October 2016

  • Krychowiak, M.; Adnan, A.; Alonso, A.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4964376

Upgrades of edge, divertor and scrape-off layer diagnostics of W7‐X for OP1.2
journal, November 2018

Review of the high heat flux testing as an integrated part of W7-X divertor development
journal, June 2009

High heat flux facility GLADIS:
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Real time capable infrared thermography for ASDEX Upgrade
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Limiter observations during W7-X first plasmas
journal, April 2017

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journal, October 2008

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journal, January 2016

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journal, October 2018

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Wendelstein 7-X Near Real-Time Image Diagnostic System for Plasma-Facing Components Protection
journal, December 2017

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journal, November 2017

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Towards a new image processing system at Wendelstein 7-X: From spatial calibration to characterization of thermal events
    journal, December 2018

    • Pisano, F.; Cannas, B.; Jakubowski, M. W.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5045560

    Performance of Wendelstein 7-X stellarator plasmas during the first divertor operation phase
    journal, August 2019

    • Wolf, R. C.; Alonso, A.; Äkäslompolo, S.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5098761

    Coherence imaging spectroscopy at Wendelstein 7-X for impurity flow measurements
    journal, January 2020

    • Perseo, Valeria; Gradic, Dorothea; König, Ralf
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 91, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5126098

    First results from divertor operation in Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, November 2018

    • Pedersen, Thomas Sunn; König, Ralf; Krychowiak, Maciej
    • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/aaec25

    Drift effects on W7-X divertor heat and particle fluxes
    journal, October 2019

    • Hammond, K. C.; Gao, Y.; Jakubowski, M.
    • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/ab4825

    Methods for quantitative study of divertor heat loads on W7-X
    journal, April 2019

    Measurement and modeling of magnetic configurations to mimic overload scenarios in the W7-X stellarator
    journal, May 2019

    First divertor physics studies in Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, July 2019

    Effects of toroidal plasma current on divertor power depositions on Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, August 2019

    First demonstration of radiative power exhaust with impurity seeding in the island divertor at Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, August 2019

    Features of near and far scrape-off layer heat fluxes on the Wendelstein 7-X inboard limiters
    journal, November 2019

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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      FIG. 1 (p. 3)figure
      FIG. 2 (p. 3)figure
      FIG. 3 (p. 4)figure
      FIG. 4 (p. 4)figure
      TABLE I (p. 4)table
      FIG. 5 (p. 5)figure
      FIG. 6 (p. 5)figure
      FIG. 7 (p. 6)figure
      FIG. 8 (p. 6)figure
      FIG. 10 (p. 8)figure
      FIG. 9 (p. 8)figure
      Fig. 11 (p. 8)figure
      FIG. 12 (p. 9)figure
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