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Title: The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817

Abstract

We present a long-standing paradigm in astrophysics is that collisions—or mergers—of two neutron stars form highly relativistic and collimated outflows (jets) that power γ-ray bursts of short (less than two seconds) duration. The observational support for this model, however, is only indirect. A hitherto outstanding prediction is that gravitational-wave events from such mergers should be associated with γ-ray bursts, and that a majority of these bursts should be seen off-axis, that is, they should point away from Earth. Here we report the discovery observations of the X-ray counterpart associated with the gravitational-wave event GW170817. Although the electromagnetic counterpart at optical and infrared frequencies is dominated by the radioactive glow (known as a ‘kilonova’) from freshly synthesized rapid neutron capture (r-process) material in the merger ejecta, observations at X-ray and, later, radio frequencies are consistent with a short γ-ray burst viewed off-axis. Lastly, our detection of X-ray emission at a location coincident with the kilonova transient provides the missing observational link between short γ-ray bursts and gravitational waves from neutron-star mergers, and gives independent confirmation of the collimated nature of the γ-ray-burst emission.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [4];  [10];  [11];  [6];  [4];  [5];  [12];  [13];  [13];  [5];  [14] more »;  [14];  [4];  [15];  [6];  [5];  [16];  [16];  [5];  [1];  [5];  [2];  [17];  [18];  [5] « less
  1. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  2. INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome (Italy)
  3. University of Bath, Claverton Down (United Kingdom)
  4. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  5. Seoul National University (South Korea)
  6. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  7. Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
  8. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  9. Aoyama Gakuin University (Japan)
  10. INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia (Italy)
  11. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  12. Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse (Germany)
  13. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico)
  14. INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, Merate (Italy)
  15. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain); Universidad de La Laguna (Spain)
  16. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (South Korea)
  17. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  18. CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping (Australia)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
OSTI Identifier:
1479933
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-29087
Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature (London)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 551; Journal Issue: 7678; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; gravitational waves; kilonova; X-rays; counterpart; r-process

Citation Formats

Troja, E., Piro, L., van Eerten, H., Wollaeger, R. T., Im, M., Fox, O. D., Butler, N. R., Cenko, S. B., Sakamoto, T., Fryer, C. L., Ricci, R., Lien, A., Ryan, R. E., Korobkin, O., Lee, S. -K., Burgess, J. M., Lee, W. H., Watson, A. M., Choi, C., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., Fontes, C. J., González, J. Becerra, Khandrika, H. G., Kim, J., Kim, S. -L., Lee, C. -U., Lee, H. M., Kutyrev, A., Lim, G., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Veilleux, S., Wieringa, M. H., and Yoon, Y. The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1038/nature24290.
Troja, E., Piro, L., van Eerten, H., Wollaeger, R. T., Im, M., Fox, O. D., Butler, N. R., Cenko, S. B., Sakamoto, T., Fryer, C. L., Ricci, R., Lien, A., Ryan, R. E., Korobkin, O., Lee, S. -K., Burgess, J. M., Lee, W. H., Watson, A. M., Choi, C., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., Fontes, C. J., González, J. Becerra, Khandrika, H. G., Kim, J., Kim, S. -L., Lee, C. -U., Lee, H. M., Kutyrev, A., Lim, G., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Veilleux, S., Wieringa, M. H., & Yoon, Y. The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24290
Troja, E., Piro, L., van Eerten, H., Wollaeger, R. T., Im, M., Fox, O. D., Butler, N. R., Cenko, S. B., Sakamoto, T., Fryer, C. L., Ricci, R., Lien, A., Ryan, R. E., Korobkin, O., Lee, S. -K., Burgess, J. M., Lee, W. H., Watson, A. M., Choi, C., Covino, S., D’Avanzo, P., Fontes, C. J., González, J. Becerra, Khandrika, H. G., Kim, J., Kim, S. -L., Lee, C. -U., Lee, H. M., Kutyrev, A., Lim, G., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Veilleux, S., Wieringa, M. H., and Yoon, Y. Mon . "The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24290. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479933.
@article{osti_1479933,
title = {The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817},
author = {Troja, E. and Piro, L. and van Eerten, H. and Wollaeger, R. T. and Im, M. and Fox, O. D. and Butler, N. R. and Cenko, S. B. and Sakamoto, T. and Fryer, C. L. and Ricci, R. and Lien, A. and Ryan, R. E. and Korobkin, O. and Lee, S. -K. and Burgess, J. M. and Lee, W. H. and Watson, A. M. and Choi, C. and Covino, S. and D’Avanzo, P. and Fontes, C. J. and González, J. Becerra and Khandrika, H. G. and Kim, J. and Kim, S. -L. and Lee, C. -U. and Lee, H. M. and Kutyrev, A. and Lim, G. and Sánchez-Ramírez, R. and Veilleux, S. and Wieringa, M. H. and Yoon, Y.},
abstractNote = {We present a long-standing paradigm in astrophysics is that collisions—or mergers—of two neutron stars form highly relativistic and collimated outflows (jets) that power γ-ray bursts of short (less than two seconds) duration. The observational support for this model, however, is only indirect. A hitherto outstanding prediction is that gravitational-wave events from such mergers should be associated with γ-ray bursts, and that a majority of these bursts should be seen off-axis, that is, they should point away from Earth. Here we report the discovery observations of the X-ray counterpart associated with the gravitational-wave event GW170817. Although the electromagnetic counterpart at optical and infrared frequencies is dominated by the radioactive glow (known as a ‘kilonova’) from freshly synthesized rapid neutron capture (r-process) material in the merger ejecta, observations at X-ray and, later, radio frequencies are consistent with a short γ-ray burst viewed off-axis. Lastly, our detection of X-ray emission at a location coincident with the kilonova transient provides the missing observational link between short γ-ray bursts and gravitational waves from neutron-star mergers, and gives independent confirmation of the collimated nature of the γ-ray-burst emission.},
doi = {10.1038/nature24290},
journal = {Nature (London)},
number = 7678,
volume = 551,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 4
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Implications of the search for optical counterparts during the first six months of the Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run: possible limits on the ejecta mass and binary properties
journal, December 2019

  • Coughlin, Michael W.; Dietrich, Tim; Antier, Sarah
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz3457

Joint gravitational wave – gamma-ray burst detection rates in the aftermath of GW170817
journal, February 2019

  • Howell, E. J.; Ackley, K.; Rowlinson, A.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz455

A multiwavelength analysis of a collection of short-duration GRBs observed between 2012 and 2015
journal, February 2019

  • Pandey, S. B.; Hu, Y.; Castro-Tirado, Ao J.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz530

Imprints of r-process heating on fall-back accretion: distinguishing black hole–neutron star from double neutron star mergers
journal, March 2019

  • Desai, D.; Metzger, B. D.; Foucart, F.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz644

A luminosity distribution for kilonovae based on short gamma-ray burst afterglows
journal, March 2019

  • Ascenzi, Stefano; Coughlin, Michael W.; Dietrich, Tim
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz891

EM counterparts of structured jets from 3D GRMHD simulations
journal, January 2019

  • Kathirgamaraju, Adithan; Tchekhovskoy, Alexander; Giannios, Dimitrios
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 484, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slz012

First 100 ms of a long-lived magnetized neutron star formed in a binary neutron star merger
journal, July 2019


Full transport model of GW170817-like disk produces a blue kilonova
journal, July 2019


The properties of neutron star in the framework of relativistic Hartree–Fock model with unitary correlation operator method
journal, November 2019

  • Zhang, Ying; Liu, Peng; Hu, Jinniu
  • International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 28, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1142/s0218301319500940

LOFAR 144-MHz follow-up observations of GW170817
text, January 2020

  • Broderick, J. W.; Shimwell, T. W.; Gourdji, K.
  • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
  • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2020-02149

Astrophysical Sites that Can Produce Enantiomeric Amino Acids
journal, December 2018

  • Famiano, Michael; Boyd, Richard; Kajino, Toshitaka
  • Symmetry, Vol. 11, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3390/sym11010023

Subsequent Nonthermal Emission Due to the Kilonova Ejecta in GW170817
journal, January 2018


A Pulsar Wind Nebula Model Applied to Short GRB 050724
journal, March 2018


Can We Distinguish Low-mass Black Holes in Neutron Star Binaries?
journal, March 2018


Short GRBs: Opening Angles, Local Neutron Star Merger Rate, and Off-axis Events for GRB/GW Association
journal, April 2018


An Empirical Study of Contamination in Deep, Rapid, and Wide-field Optical Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Events
journal, April 2018


Shock Acceleration of Electrons and Synchrotron Emission from the Dynamical Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers
journal, May 2018

  • Lee, Shiu-Hang; Maeda, Keiichi; Kawanaka, Norita
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabaea

A Long-lived Remnant Neutron Star after GW170817 Inferred from Its Associated Kilonova
journal, July 2018


A Simultaneous Search for Prompt Radio Emission Associated with the Short GRB 170112A Using the All-sky Imaging Capability of the OVRO-LWA
journal, August 2018

  • Anderson, Marin M.; Hallinan, Gregg; Eastwood, Michael W.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aad2d7

Low-frequency View of GW170817/GRB 170817A with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
journal, October 2018

  • Resmi, L.; Schulze, S.; Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae1a6

Constraining the Outflow Structure of the Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB170817A with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis
journal, December 2018


Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Nucleosynthesis
journal, December 2018

  • Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Hotokezaka, Kenta
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf054

Optical Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Events during the Second Advanced LIGO/VIRGO Observing Run with the DLT40 Survey
journal, April 2019

  • Yang, Sheng; Sand, David J.; Valenti, Stefano
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e06

GW170817: The Energy Extraction Process of the Off-axis Relativistic Outflow and the Constraint on the Equation of State of Neutron Stars
journal, May 2019

  • Wang, Yuan-Zhu; Shao, Dong-Sheng; Jiang, Jin-Liang
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1914

Late-time Afterglow from Double-sided Structured Jets: Application to GRB 170817A
journal, July 2019

  • Li, Long-Biao; Geng, Jin-Jun; Huang, Yong-Feng
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab275d

Numerical Simulations of an Initially Top-hat Jet and the Afterglow of GW170817/GRB170817A
journal, September 2019

  • Gill, Ramandeep; Granot, Jonathan; Colle, Fabio De
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3577

Search for Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
journal, November 2019


Diversity of Kilonova Light Curves
journal, February 2020

  • Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab61f6

Gamma Rays from Kilonova: A Potential Probe of r -process Nucleosynthesis
journal, February 2020

  • Korobkin, Oleg; Hungerford, Aimee M.; Fryer, Christopher L.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab64d8

Extended Calculations of Energy Levels and Transition Rates of Nd ii-iv Ions for Application to Neutron Star Mergers
journal, February 2019

  • Gaigalas, Gediminas; Kato, Daiji; Rynkun, Pavel
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 240, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aaf9b8

Swift -XRT Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Triggers in the Second Advanced LIGO/Virgo Observing Run
journal, November 2019

  • Klingler, N. J.; Kennea, J. A.; Evans, P. A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 245, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab4ea2

INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817
journal, October 2017


The Environment of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
journal, October 2017


GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations
journal, January 2018

  • Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Zappa, Francesco
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa402

How Special Is GRB 170817A?
journal, January 2018


Continued Brightening of the Afterglow of GW170817/GRB 170817A as Being Due to a Delayed Energy Injection
journal, May 2018


GW170817 Most Likely Made a Black Hole
journal, May 2018

  • Pooley, David; Kumar, Pawan; Wheeler, J. Craig
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aac3d6

Fading of the X-Ray Afterglow of Neutron Star Merger GW170817/GRB 170817A at 260 Days
journal, July 2018

  • Nynka, Melania; Ruan, John J.; Haggard, Daryl
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad32d

A Decline in the X-Ray through Radio Emission from GW170817 Continues to Support an Off-axis Structured Jet
journal, August 2018

  • Alexander, K. D.; Margutti, R.; Blanchard, P. K.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad637

Radiative Transfer Simulation for the Optical and Near-infrared Electromagnetic Counterparts to GW170817
journal, September 2018

  • Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aade02

Magnetically Inspired Explosive Outflows from Neutron-star Mergers
journal, January 2019

  • Nathanail, Antonios; Porth, Oliver; Rezzolla, Luciano
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaf73a

Time Delay between Neutrinos and Gamma-Rays in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, January 2019


A First Search for Prompt Radio Emission from a Gravitational-wave Event
journal, June 2019

  • Callister, Thomas A.; Anderson, Marin M.; Hallinan, Gregg
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab2248

GROWTH on S190426c: Real-time Search for a Counterpart to the Probable Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger using an Automated Difference Imaging Pipeline for DECam
journal, August 2019

  • Goldstein, Daniel A.; Andreoni, Igor; Nugent, Peter E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3046

Charged scalar-tensor solitons and black holes with (approximate) Anti-de Sitter asymptotics
journal, January 2019


Solitons and black hole in shift symmetric scalar-tensor gravity with cosmological constant
journal, June 2018

  • Brihaye, Yves; Hartmann, Betti; Urrestilla, Jon
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1007/jhep06(2018)074

A mildly relativistic wide-angle outflow in the neutron-star merger event GW170817
journal, December 2017

  • Mooley, K. P.; Nakar, E.; Hotokezaka, K.
  • Nature, Vol. 554, Issue 7691
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature25452

Interpreting GRB170817A as a giant flare from a jet-less double neutron star merger
journal, November 2018


Spectral classification of gravitational-wave emission and equation of state constraints in binary neutron star mergers
journal, September 2019

  • Bauswein, A.; Stergioulas, N.
  • Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/ab2b90

GW170817: implications for the local kilonova rate and for surveys from ground-based facilities
journal, September 2018

  • Della Valle, M.; Guetta, D.; Cappellaro, E.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2541

Outflows from black hole hyperaccretion systems: short and long-short gamma-ray bursts and ‘quasi-supernovae’
journal, March 2018

  • Song, Cui-Ying; Liu, Tong; Li, Ang
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 477, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty783

The Palomar Transient Factory Sky2Night programme
journal, January 2019

  • van Roestel, J.; Groot, P. J.; Kupfer, T.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz241

Optimizing multitelescope observations of gravitational-wave counterparts
journal, September 2019

  • Coughlin, Michael W.; Antier, Sarah; Corre, David
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2485

possis: predicting spectra, light curves, and polarization for multidimensional models of supernovae and kilonovae
journal, September 2019

  • Bulla, M.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2495

Non-thermal afterglow of the binary neutron star merger GW170817: a more natural modelling of electron energy distribution leads to a qualitatively different new solution
journal, February 2019

  • Lin, Haoxiang; Totani, Tomonori; Kiuchi, Kenta
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz453

The outflow structure of GW170817 from late-time broad-band observations
journal, April 2018

  • Troja, E.; Piro, L.; Ryan, G.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 478, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly061

Late Time Afterglow Observations Reveal a Collimated Relativistic Jet in the Ejecta of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
journal, June 2018


A radio counterpart to a neutron star merger
journal, October 2017


Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA
text, January 2020

  • Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.57867

Joint gravitational wave - gamma-ray burst detection rates in the aftermath of GW170817
conference, January 2020

  • Howell, Eric; Ackley, Kendall; Rowlinson, Antonia
  • Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)
  • DOI: 10.22323/1.357.0035

Detecting the Hadron-Quark Phase Transition with Gravitational Waves
journal, June 2019


The Origin of r -process Elements in the Milky Way
journal, March 2018

  • Côté, Benoit; Fryer, Chris L.; Belczynski, Krzysztof
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaad67

First Electromagnetic Pulse Associated with a Gravitational-wave Event: Profile, Duration, and Delay
journal, March 2018


Coincident Detection Significance in Multimessenger Astronomy
journal, June 2018


Is the Macronova in GW170817 Powered by the Central Engine?
journal, July 2018

  • Matsumoto, Tatsuya; Ioka, Kunihito; Kisaka, Shota
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a8

Neutron Star Mergers are the Dominant Source of the r -process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies
journal, December 2018

  • Duggan, Gina E.; Kirby, Evan N.; Andrievsky, Serge M.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaeb8e

Metal-poor Stars Observed with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope. I. Discovery of Five Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars from LAMOST
journal, April 2019

  • Mardini, Mohammad K.; Li, Haining; Placco, Vinicius M.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0fa2

Census of the Local Universe (CLU) Narrowband Survey. I. Galaxy Catalogs from Preliminary Fields
journal, July 2019

  • Cook, David O.; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Sistine, Angela Van
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2131

Impact of Pulsar and Fallback Sources on Multifrequency Kilonova Models
journal, July 2019

  • Wollaeger, Ryan T.; Fryer, Chris L.; Fontes, Christopher J.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab25f5

Merger of Compact Stars in the Two-families Scenario
journal, August 2019

  • Pietri, Roberto De; Drago, Alessandro; Feo, Alessandra
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fd0

A Pulsar Wind Nebula Embedded in the Kilonova AT 2017gfo Associated with GW170817/GRB 170817A
journal, October 2019


The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. V. Rising X-Ray Emission from an Off-axis Jet
journal, October 2017


Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817
journal, December 2017


Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars from Multi-messenger Observations of GW170817
journal, November 2017


A Precise Distance to the Host Galaxy of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Using Surface Brightness Fluctuations
journal, February 2018

  • Cantiello, Michele; Jensen, J. B.; Blakeslee, J. P.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaad64

An Upper Limit on the Linear Polarization Fraction of the GW170817 Radio Continuum
journal, July 2018

  • Corsi, Alessandra; Hallinan, Gregg W.; Lazzati, Davide
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aacdfd

Californium-254 and Kilonova Light Curves
journal, August 2018


The Optical Afterglow of GW170817 at One Year Post-merger
journal, January 2019


GW170817 Afterglow Reveals that Short Gamma-Ray Bursts are Neutron Star Mergers
journal, July 2019


The Optical Afterglow of GW170817: An Off-axis Structured Jet and Deep Constraints on a Globular Cluster Origin
journal, September 2019

  • Fong, W.; Blanchard, P. K.; Alexander, K. D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d9e

SN2018kzr: A Rapidly Declining Transient from the Destruction of a White Dwarf
journal, October 2019

  • McBrien, Owen R.; Smartt, Stephen J.; Chen, Ting-Wan
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab4dae

Investigation of a sample of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars observed with FORS and GMOS
journal, June 2018


The X-shooter GRB afterglow legacy sample (XS-GRB)
journal, March 2019


LOFAR 144-MHz follow-up observations of GW170817
journal, April 2020

  • Broderick, J. W.; Shimwell, T. W.; Gourdji, K.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 494, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa950

Expected neutrino fluence from short Gamma-Ray Burst 170817A and off-axis angle constraints
journal, February 2018

  • Biehl, D.; Heinze, J.; Winter, W.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty285

Constraints on the emitting region of the gamma-rays observed in GW170817
journal, November 2018

  • Matsumoto, Tatsuya; Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty3200

Compton echoes from nearby gamma-ray bursts
journal, March 2018

  • Beniamini, Paz; Giannios, Dimitrios; Younes, George
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty616

X-ray guided gravitational-wave search for binary neutron star merger remnants
journal, August 2018


Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova
journal, October 2017


GW170817 --the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: Implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process
journal, November 2019


Short gamma-ray burst central engines
journal, October 2018


The Discovery of the Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817: Kilonova AT 2017gfo/DLT17ck
text, January 2017

  • Sheng, Yang,; Alessandra, Corsi,; Leonardo, Tartaglia,
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
  • DOI: 10.17615/e3fn-5q91

The Allowed Parameter Space of a Long-lived Neutron Star as the Merger Remnant of GW170817
journal, June 2018


Numerical Simulations of the Jet Dynamics and Synchrotron Radiation of Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB 170817A
journal, August 2018

  • Xie, Xiaoyi; Zrake, Jonathan; MacFadyen, Andrew
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aacf9c

Search for GeV Gamma-Ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET
journal, August 2018


From γ to Radio: The Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817
journal, October 2018


Scattered Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational Waves and Implications of GW170817 and GRB 170817A
journal, October 2018

  • Kisaka, Shota; Ioka, Kunihito; Kashiyama, Kazumi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae30a

Merging Rates of Compact Binaries in Galaxies: Perspectives for Gravitational Wave Detections
journal, August 2019


Improved Constraints on H 0 from a Combined Analysis of Gravitational-wave and Electromagnetic Emission from GW170817
journal, December 2017


Brightening X-Ray Emission from GW170817/GRB 170817A: Further Evidence for an Outflow
journal, January 2018

  • Ruan, John J.; Nynka, Melania; Haggard, Daryl
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 853, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa4f3

The Orbit of GW170817 Was Inclined by Less Than 28° to the Line of Sight
journal, January 2018


Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Observations of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
journal, July 2018

  • Villar, V. A.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Berger, E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad281

A Strong Jet Signature in the Late-time Light Curve of GW170817
journal, November 2018


Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational-wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR
journal, July 2019

  • Hosseinzadeh, G.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Gomez, S.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab271c

Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred from the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
journal, September 2019


Electromagnetic Emission Post Spinning Black Hole Magnetized Neutron Star Mergers
journal, September 2019

  • Zhong, Shu-Qing; Dai, Zi-Gao; Deng, Can-Min
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab40c5

Forecasting Gamma‐Ray Bursts Using Gravitational Waves
journal, December 2018


The impact of the crust equation of state on the analysis of GW170817
journal, December 2019


Global simulations of strongly magnetized remnant massive neutron stars formed in binary neutron star mergers
journal, June 2018


GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State
journal, October 2018


Pre-merger Electromagnetic Counterparts of Binary Compact Stars
journal, November 2018

  • Wang, Jie-Shuang; Peng, Fang-Kun; Wu, Kinwah
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae531

Light Curves of a Shock-breakout Material and a Relativistic Off-axis Jet from a Binary Neutron Star System
journal, January 2019

  • Fraija, N.; Pedreira, A. C. Caligula do E. S.; Veres, P.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf80e

The Lanthanide Fraction Distribution in Metal-poor Stars: A Test of Neutron Star Mergers as the Dominant r -process Site
journal, August 2019

  • Ji, Alexander P.; Drout, Maria R.; Hansen, Terese T.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3291

The Binary Neutron Star Event LIGO/Virgo GW170817 160 Days after Merger: Synchrotron Emission across the Electromagnetic Spectrum
journal, March 2018


Brightening X-Ray/Optical/Radio Emission of GW170817/SGRB 170817A: Evidence for an Electron–Positron Wind from the Central Engine?
journal, March 2018

  • Geng, Jin-Jun; Dai, Zi-Gao; Huang, Yong-Feng
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aab7f9

A Turnover in the Radio Light Curve of GW170817
journal, May 2018

  • Dobie, Dougal; Kaplan, David L.; Murphy, Tara
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aac105

Viewing Angle Constraints on S190425z and S190426c and the Joint Gravitational-wave/Gamma-Ray Detection Fractions for Binary Neutron Star Mergers
journal, August 2019


Spectral puzzle of the off-axis gamma-ray burst in GW170817
journal, June 2019

  • Ioka, Kunihito; Nakamura, Takashi
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1650

Optimized Radio Follow-up of Binary Neutron-star Mergers
journal, November 2018


Gamma-Ray Bursts Induced by Turbulent Reconnection
journal, September 2019


The Rapid Reddening and Featureless Optical Spectra of the Optical Counterpart of GW170817, AT 2017gfo, during the First Four Days
journal, October 2017

  • McCully, Curtis; Hiramatsu, Daichi; Howell, D. Andrew
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9111

Fermi GBM Observations of GRB 150101B: A Second Nearby Event with a Short Hard Spike and a Soft Tail
journal, August 2018


Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: detection of a blue kilonova
text, January 2017


The environment of the binary neutron star merger GW170817
text, January 2017


The discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817: kilonova AT 2017gfo/DLT17ck
text, January 2017


GRB 170817A as a jet counterpart to gravitational wave trigger GW 170817
text, January 2017


The X-shooter GRB afterglow legacy sample (XS-GRB)
text, January 2018


Investigation of a sample of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars observed with FORS and GMOS
text, January 2018


Californium-254 and kilonova light curves
text, January 2018


Neutron Star Mergers Are the Dominant Source of the r-process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies
text, January 2018


Numerical Simulations of an Initially Top-Hat Jet and the Afterglow of GW170817$\,$/$\,$GRB170817A
text, January 2019


Impact of Pulsar and Fallback Sources on Multifrequency Kilonova Models
text, January 2019


Jet Structure in the Afterglow Phase for Gamma-ray Bursts with a Precessing Jet
text, January 2019


Gamma-rays from kilonova: a potential probe of r-process nucleosynthesis
text, January 2019


Full Transport Model of GW170817-Like Disk Produces a Blue Kilonova
text, January 2019


The host galaxies of double compact objects across cosmic time
text, January 2019


Diversity of kilonova light curves
text, January 2019


Multi-messenger astrophysics
journal, October 2019


Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA
text, January 2020

  • Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.57867

Intensive Monitoring Survey of Nearby Galaxies (IMSNG)
text, January 2019


Massive stars in extremely metal-poor galaxies: A window into the past
preprint, January 2019