Stronger Peak Ground Motion, Beyond the Threshold to Initiate a Response, Does Not Lead to Larger Stream Discharge Responses to Earthquakes

Mohr, Christian H.; Manga, Michael; Wald, David

doi:10.1029/2018GL078621

Title: Stronger Peak Ground Motion, Beyond the Threshold to Initiate a Response, Does Not Lead to Larger Stream Discharge Responses to Earthquakes

Abstract

The impressive number of stream gauges in Chile, combined with a suite of past and recent large earthquakes, makes Chile a unique natural laboratory to study several streams that recorded responses to multiple seismic events. Here we document changes in discharge in eight streams in Chile following two or more large earthquakes. In all cases, discharge increases. Changes in discharge occur for peak ground velocities greater than about 7–11 cm/s. Above that threshold, the magnitude of both the increase in discharge and the total excess water do not increase with increasing peak ground velocities. While these observations are consistent with previous work in California, they conflict with lab experiments that show that the magnitude of permeability changes increases with increasing amplitude of ground motion. Instead, our study suggests that streamflow responses are binary.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]

Univ. of Potsdam (Germany). Inst. of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science
U.S. Geological Survey, Golden, CO (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Jun 21 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1479427

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; EAR1344424

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Geophysical Research Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 45; Journal Issue: 13; Journal ID: ISSN 0094-8276

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 58 GEOSCIENCES; earthquake; streamflow; shaking; Chile; modeling

Citation Formats


                    Mohr, Christian H., Manga, Michael, and Wald, David. Stronger Peak Ground Motion, Beyond the Threshold to Initiate a Response, Does Not Lead to Larger Stream Discharge Responses to Earthquakes.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1029/2018GL078621.

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                    Mohr, Christian H., Manga, Michael, & Wald, David. Stronger Peak Ground Motion, Beyond the Threshold to Initiate a Response, Does Not Lead to Larger Stream Discharge Responses to Earthquakes.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078621

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                    Mohr, Christian H., Manga, Michael, and Wald, David. Thu .  
"Stronger Peak Ground Motion, Beyond the Threshold to Initiate a Response, Does Not Lead to Larger Stream Discharge Responses to Earthquakes".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078621.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479427.

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@article{osti_1479427,

  title        = {Stronger Peak Ground Motion, Beyond the Threshold to Initiate a Response, Does Not Lead to Larger Stream Discharge Responses to Earthquakes},

  author       = {Mohr, Christian H. and Manga, Michael and Wald, David},

  abstractNote = {The impressive number of stream gauges in Chile, combined with a suite of past and recent large earthquakes, makes Chile a unique natural laboratory to study several streams that recorded responses to multiple seismic events. Here we document changes in discharge in eight streams in Chile following two or more large earthquakes. In all cases, discharge increases. Changes in discharge occur for peak ground velocities greater than about 7–11 cm/s. Above that threshold, the magnitude of both the increase in discharge and the total excess water do not increase with increasing peak ground velocities. While these observations are consistent with previous work in California, they conflict with lab experiments that show that the magnitude of permeability changes increases with increasing amplitude of ground motion. Instead, our study suggests that streamflow responses are binary.},

  doi          = {10.1029/2018GL078621},

  journal      = {Geophysical Research Letters},

  number       = 13,

  volume       = 45,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jun 21 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Thu Jun 21 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078621

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Cited by: 7 works

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Figure 1: Geographical setting of catchments (white polygons) and sample hydrographs. (a) Ground motion expressed as peak ground velocity for the M8.8 Maule earthquake, overlain on Shuttle Radar Topography Mission topography; bathymetry from Google Earth. (b and c) More detailed view of the clustered catchments that responded to multiple earthquakes.more »

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Similar Records

Title: Stronger Peak Ground Motion, Beyond the Threshold to Initiate a Response, Does Not Lead to Larger Stream Discharge Responses to Earthquakes

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Seismic waves increase permeability journal, June 2006

New streams and springs after the 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa earthquake journal, July 2015

Dynamics of Liquefaction During the 1987 Superstition Hills, California, Earthquake journal, April 1989

Response of Alum Rock springs to the October 30, 2007 Alum Rock earthquake and implications for the origin of increased discharge after earthquakes journal, August 2009

The hydrological signature of a seismogenic source: coseismic hydrological changes in response to the 1915 Fucino (Central Italy) earthquake journal, January 2015

Modeling of earthquake-induced hydrological changes and possible permeability enhancement due to the 17 January 1995 Kobe Earthquake, Japan journal, October 1999

Permeability enhancement in the shallow crust as a cause of earthquake-induced hydrological changes journal, January 1995

Classification and Regression Trees: a Powerful yet Simple Technique for Ecological data Analysis journal, November 2000

Streamflow and Water Well Responses to Earthquakes journal, June 2003

Streamflow increase due to rupturing of hydrothermal reservoirs: Evidence from the 2003 San Simeon, California, Earthquake: HYDROTHERMAL RESERVOIRS AND STREAMFLOW INCREASE journal, May 2004

Continuous Permeability Measurements Record Healing Inside the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone journal, June 2013

Shaking water out of soil journal, March 2015

Comparison of hydrological responses to the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes journal, April 2014

Ground uplift related to permeability enhancement following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in the Kanto Plain, Japan journal, June 2017

The 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Megathrust Earthquake of Central Chile, Monitored by GPS journal, April 2011

Regional changes in streamflow after a megathrust earthquake journal, January 2017

Reawakening of large earthquakes in south central Chile: The 2016 M w 7.6 Chiloé event : Chiloé journal, July 2017

Hydrological signatures of earthquake strain journal, December 1993

Post-earthquake ground movements correlated to pore-pressure transients journal, July 2003

Permeability changes associated with large earthquakes: An example from Loma Prieta, California journal, January 1992

Streamflow response in small upland catchments in the Chilean coastal range to the M W 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010 : STREAMFLOW RESPONSE TO MAULE EARTHQUAKE journal, June 2012

Liquefaction beyond the Near Field journal, September 2007

Increased stream discharge after the 3 September 2016 M w 5.8 Pawnee, Oklahoma earthquake : Stream Response to an Induced Earthquake journal, November 2016

Effects of loma Prieta Earthquake on Surface Waters in Waddell Valley journal, December 1991

Water-table and discharge changes associated with the 2016–2017 seismic sequence in central Italy: hydrogeological data and a conceptual model for fractured carbonate aquifers journal, January 2018

Liquefaction-induced ground damages during the 2010 Chile earthquake journal, December 2015

Large earthquakes create vertical permeability by breaching aquitards: INCREASE OF VERTICAL PERMEABILITY AFTER LARGE EARTHQUAKES journal, August 2016

Changes in hot spring temperature and hydrogeology of the Alpine Fault hanging wall, New Zealand, induced by distal South Island earthquakes journal, September 2014

Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analyses journal, July 1990

Fault Zone Permeability Decrease Following Large Earthquakes in a Hydrothermal System journal, February 2018

An Updated Geospatial Liquefaction Model for Global Application journal, May 2017

Streamflow response to the Nisqually earthquake journal, April 2003

miRNALoc: predicting miRNA subcellular localizations based on principal component scores of physico-chemical properties and pseudo compositions of di-nucleotides journal, September 2020

Coseismic spring flow changes associated with the 1995 Kobe Earthquake journal, April 2000

Rainfall—runoff response, event-based runoff coefficients and hydrograph separation journal, October 2007

Mechanism of co-seismic water level change following four great earthquakes – insights from co-seismic responses throughout the Chinese mainland journal, November 2015

Relación de la variación del almacenamiento de agua local y el gravímetro superconductor en el Observatorio Geodésico TIGO, Concepción, Chile journal, January 2012

Random Forests journal, January 2001

Response of streamflow to multiple earthquakes: STREAMFLOW AND EARTHQUAKES journal, March 2003

Conditional variable importance for random forests journal, July 2008

Earthquakes trigger the loss of groundwater biodiversity journal, September 2014

Laboratory evidence for particle mobilization as a mechanism for permeability enhancement via dynamic stressing journal, April 2014

Coseismic release of water from mountains: Evidence from the 1999 (Mw = 7.5) Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake journal, January 2004

Segmentation of megathrust rupture zones from fore-arc deformation patterns over hundreds to millions of years, Arauco peninsula, Chile: EARTHQUAKE SEGMENTATION AT ARAUCO journal, January 2009

Streamflow Changes in the Vicinity of Seismogenic Fault After the 1999 Chi–Chi Earthquake journal, September 2017

Hydrologic responses to earthquakes and a general metric journal, February 2010

Conditional Variable Importance for Random Forests text, January 2008

Seismic waves increase permeability
journal, June 2006

New streams and springs after the 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa earthquake
journal, July 2015

Dynamics of Liquefaction During the 1987 Superstition Hills, California, Earthquake
journal, April 1989

Response of Alum Rock springs to the October 30, 2007 Alum Rock earthquake and implications for the origin of increased discharge after earthquakes
journal, August 2009

The hydrological signature of a seismogenic source: coseismic hydrological changes in response to the 1915 Fucino (Central Italy) earthquake
journal, January 2015

Modeling of earthquake-induced hydrological changes and possible permeability enhancement due to the 17 January 1995 Kobe Earthquake, Japan
journal, October 1999

Permeability enhancement in the shallow crust as a cause of earthquake-induced hydrological changes
journal, January 1995

Classification and Regression Trees: a Powerful yet Simple Technique for Ecological data Analysis
journal, November 2000

Streamflow and Water Well Responses to Earthquakes
journal, June 2003

Streamflow increase due to rupturing of hydrothermal reservoirs: Evidence from the 2003 San Simeon, California, Earthquake: HYDROTHERMAL RESERVOIRS AND STREAMFLOW INCREASE
journal, May 2004

Continuous Permeability Measurements Record Healing Inside the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone
journal, June 2013

Shaking water out of soil
journal, March 2015

Comparison of hydrological responses to the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes
journal, April 2014

Ground uplift related to permeability enhancement following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in the Kanto Plain, Japan
journal, June 2017

The 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Megathrust Earthquake of Central Chile, Monitored by GPS
journal, April 2011

Regional changes in streamflow after a megathrust earthquake
journal, January 2017

Reawakening of large earthquakes in south central Chile: The 2016 M _w 7.6 Chiloé event : Chiloé
journal, July 2017

Hydrological signatures of earthquake strain
journal, December 1993

Post-earthquake ground movements correlated to pore-pressure transients
journal, July 2003

Permeability changes associated with large earthquakes: An example from Loma Prieta, California
journal, January 1992

Streamflow response in small upland catchments in the Chilean coastal range to the M _W 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010 : STREAMFLOW RESPONSE TO MAULE EARTHQUAKE
journal, June 2012

Liquefaction beyond the Near Field
journal, September 2007

Increased stream discharge after the 3 September 2016 M _w 5.8 Pawnee, Oklahoma earthquake : Stream Response to an Induced Earthquake
journal, November 2016

Effects of loma Prieta Earthquake on Surface Waters in Waddell Valley
journal, December 1991

Water-table and discharge changes associated with the 2016–2017 seismic sequence in central Italy: hydrogeological data and a conceptual model for fractured carbonate aquifers
journal, January 2018

Liquefaction-induced ground damages during the 2010 Chile earthquake
journal, December 2015

Large earthquakes create vertical permeability by breaching aquitards: INCREASE OF VERTICAL PERMEABILITY AFTER LARGE EARTHQUAKES
journal, August 2016

Changes in hot spring temperature and hydrogeology of the Alpine Fault hanging wall, New Zealand, induced by distal South Island earthquakes
journal, September 2014

Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analyses
journal, July 1990

Fault Zone Permeability Decrease Following Large Earthquakes in a Hydrothermal System
journal, February 2018

An Updated Geospatial Liquefaction Model for Global Application
journal, May 2017

Streamflow response to the Nisqually earthquake
journal, April 2003

miRNALoc: predicting miRNA subcellular localizations based on principal component scores of physico-chemical properties and pseudo compositions of di-nucleotides
journal, September 2020

Coseismic spring flow changes associated with the 1995 Kobe Earthquake
journal, April 2000

Rainfall—runoff response, event-based runoff coefficients and hydrograph separation
journal, October 2007

Mechanism of co-seismic water level change following four great earthquakes – insights from co-seismic responses throughout the Chinese mainland
journal, November 2015

Relación de la variación del almacenamiento de agua local y el gravímetro superconductor en el Observatorio Geodésico TIGO, Concepción, Chile
journal, January 2012

Random Forests
journal, January 2001

Response of streamflow to multiple earthquakes: STREAMFLOW AND EARTHQUAKES
journal, March 2003

Conditional variable importance for random forests
journal, July 2008

Earthquakes trigger the loss of groundwater biodiversity
journal, September 2014

Laboratory evidence for particle mobilization as a mechanism for permeability enhancement via dynamic stressing
journal, April 2014

Coseismic release of water from mountains: Evidence from the 1999 (Mw = 7.5) Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake
journal, January 2004

Segmentation of megathrust rupture zones from fore-arc deformation patterns over hundreds to millions of years, Arauco peninsula, Chile: EARTHQUAKE SEGMENTATION AT ARAUCO
journal, January 2009

Streamflow Changes in the Vicinity of Seismogenic Fault After the 1999 Chi–Chi Earthquake
journal, September 2017

Hydrologic responses to earthquakes and a general metric
journal, February 2010

Conditional Variable Importance for Random Forests
text, January 2008