Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow and Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone

Meyer, Dylan W.; Flemings, Peter B.; DiCarlo, David; You, Kehua; Phillips, Stephen C.; Kneafsey, Timothy J.

doi:10.1029/2018JB015748

Title: Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow and Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone

Abstract

Abstract We form methane hydrate by injecting methane gas into a brine‐saturated, coarse‐grained sample under hydrate‐stable thermodynamic conditions. Hydrate forms to a saturation of 11%, which is much lower than that predicted assuming three‐phase (gas‐hydrate‐brine) thermodynamic equilibrium (67%). During hydrate formation, there are temporary flow blockages. We interpret that a hydrate skin forms a physical barrier at the gas‐brine interface. The skin fails periodically when the pressure differential exceeds the skin strength. Once the skin is present, further hydrate formation is limited by the rate that methane can diffuse through the solid skin. This process produces distinct thermodynamic states on either side of the skin that allows gas to flow through the sample. This study illuminates how gas can be transported through the hydrate stability zone and thus provides a mechanism for the formation of concentrated hydrate deposits in sand reservoirs. It also illustrates that models that assume local equilibrium at the core‐scale and larger may not capture the fundamental behaviors of these gas flow and hydrate formation processes.

Authors:

^[1]; Flemings, Peter B. ^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[3]

The Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX (United States)
Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)

Publication Date:: Sun Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1477334

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1461561

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; DE‐FE0010406; DE‐FE0028967; DE‐FE0023919; DE‐AC02‐05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 58 GEOSCIENCES; methane hydrate formation; free gas migration; nonequilibrium; computed tomography

Citation Formats


                    Meyer, Dylan W., Flemings, Peter B., DiCarlo, David, You, Kehua, Phillips, Stephen C., and Kneafsey, Timothy J. Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow and Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1029/2018JB015748.

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                    Meyer, Dylan W., Flemings, Peter B., DiCarlo, David, You, Kehua, Phillips, Stephen C., & Kneafsey, Timothy J. Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow and Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015748

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                    Meyer, Dylan W., Flemings, Peter B., DiCarlo, David, You, Kehua, Phillips, Stephen C., and Kneafsey, Timothy J. Sun .  
"Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow and Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015748.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1477334.

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@article{osti_1477334,

  title        = {Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow and Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone},

  author       = {Meyer, Dylan W. and Flemings, Peter B. and DiCarlo, David and You, Kehua and Phillips, Stephen C. and Kneafsey, Timothy J.},

  abstractNote = {Abstract We form methane hydrate by injecting methane gas into a brine‐saturated, coarse‐grained sample under hydrate‐stable thermodynamic conditions. Hydrate forms to a saturation of 11%, which is much lower than that predicted assuming three‐phase (gas‐hydrate‐brine) thermodynamic equilibrium (67%). During hydrate formation, there are temporary flow blockages. We interpret that a hydrate skin forms a physical barrier at the gas‐brine interface. The skin fails periodically when the pressure differential exceeds the skin strength. Once the skin is present, further hydrate formation is limited by the rate that methane can diffuse through the solid skin. This process produces distinct thermodynamic states on either side of the skin that allows gas to flow through the sample. This study illuminates how gas can be transported through the hydrate stability zone and thus provides a mechanism for the formation of concentrated hydrate deposits in sand reservoirs. It also illustrates that models that assume local equilibrium at the core‐scale and larger may not capture the fundamental behaviors of these gas flow and hydrate formation processes.},

  doi          = {10.1029/2018JB015748},

  journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth},

  number       = 7,

  volume       = 123,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sun Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Sun Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Similar Records

Title: Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow and Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone

Abstract

Citation Formats

Pore space hydrate formation in a glass bead sample from methane dissolved in water journal, January 2005

Fluid and chemical fluxes in and out of sediments hosting methane hydrate deposits on Hydrate Ridge, OR, I: Hydrological provinces journal, August 2002

Dynamic response of oceanic hydrate deposits to ocean temperature change: DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF OCEANIC HYDRATES journal, December 2008

Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases book, September 2007

Formation and accumulation of gas hydrate in porous media journal, May 1997

Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II logging-while-drilling data acquisition and analysis journal, June 2012

Gas hydrate resource potential in the Terrebonne Basin, Northern Gulf of Mexico journal, June 2012

Transient seafloor venting on continental slopes from warming-induced methane hydrate dissociation: TRANSIENT SEAFLOOR VENTING FROM HYDRATES journal, December 2015

Passing gas through the hydrate stability zone at southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon journal, January 2006

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Induction phenomena in gas hydrate nucleation journal, July 1994

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Large-scale simulation of methane hydrate dissociation along the West Spitsbergen Margin journal, January 2009

Relationships among air-water interfacial area, capillary pressure, and water saturation for a sandy porous medium: TECHNICAL NOTE journal, March 2006

Growth of Methane Clathrate Hydrates in Porous Media journal, April 2012

Occurrence of gas hydrate in Oligocene Frio sand: Alaminos Canyon Block 818: Northern Gulf of Mexico journal, September 2009

Feeding methane vents and gas hydrate deposits at south Hydrate Ridge: FEEDING METHANE VENTS AND GAS HYDRATES journal, December 2004

Measuring Air−Water Interfacial Areas with X-ray Microtomography and Interfacial Partitioning Tracer Tests journal, March 2007

Gas hydrates (clathrates) causing pore-water freshening and oxygen isotope fractionation in deep-water sedimentary sections of terrigenous continental margins journal, November 1981

X-ray computed-tomography observations of water flow through anisotropic methane hydrate-bearing sand journal, June 2009

Darcy's law in saturated kaolinite journal, June 1966

Architecture of gas-hydrate-bearing sands from Walker Ridge 313, Green Canyon 955, and Alaminos Canyon 21: Northern deepwater Gulf of Mexico journal, June 2012

Geophysical and geochemical signatures associated with gas hydrate-related venting in the northern Cascadia margin journal, January 2006

Sediment surface effects on methane hydrate formation and dissociation journal, June 2003

Measurement of induction times for the formation of methane and ethane gas hydrates journal, February 1993

Raman spectroscopic analyses of the growth process of CO2 hydrates journal, June 1995

The formation of meso- and macroporous gas hydrates journal, September 2000

An Improved Method for Numerical Inversion of Laplace Transforms journal, September 1982

Capillary pressure and heterogeneity for the CO2/water system in sandstone rocks at reservoir conditions journal, March 2012

Gas hydrate growth, methane transport, and chloride enrichment at the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia margin off Oregon journal, September 2004

A molecular mechanism for gas hydrate nucleation from ice journal, September 1991

Predicting PVT data for CO2–brine mixtures for black-oil simulation of CO2 geological storage journal, January 2008

Methane hydrate crystal growth in a porous medium filled with methane-saturated liquid water journal, March 2007

Crystallographic Studies of Clathrate Hydrates. Part I journal, December 1986

Methane migration within the submarine gas-hydrate stability zone under deep-water conditions journal, February 1997

The physics of premelted ice and its geophysical consequences journal, July 2006

Methane hydrate nonstoichiometry and phase diagram journal, May 2003

Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Hydrate Growth on a Gas-Liquid Interface journal, April 2018

A cylindrical electrical resistivity tomography array for three-dimensional monitoring of hydrate formation and dissociation journal, October 2013

Operational overview of the first offshore production test of methane hydrates in the Eastern Nankai Trough conference, May 2014

The movement and entrapment of petroleum fluids in the subsurface journal, March 1987

Methane Hydrate Distribution from Prolonged and Repeated Formation in Natural and Compacted Sand Samples: X-Ray CT Observations journal, January 2011

A numerical model for the formation of gas hydrate below the seafloor journal, January 2001

The Pore-Pressure Coefficients A and B journal, December 1954

Predicting the occurrence, distribution, and evolution of methane gas hydrate in porous marine sediments journal, March 1999

Rising methane gas bubbles form massive hydrate layers at the seafloor journal, November 2004

Formation of Methane Hydrate from Polydisperse Ice Powders journal, July 2006

Marine Chemistry journal, December 1980

A model for the diffusive growth of hydrate saturation anomalies in layered sediments journal, January 2011

Toward Production From Gas Hydrates: Current Status, Assessment of Resources, and Simulation-Based Evaluation of Technology and Potential journal, October 2009

In Situ Studies of the Mass Transfer Mechanism across a Methane Hydrate Film Using High-Resolution Confocal Raman Spectroscopy journal, December 2009

Experimental studies on the formation of porous gas hydrates journal, August 2004

A steady state model for marine hydrate formation: Constraints on methane supply from pore water sulfate profiles: STEADY STATE HYDRATE MODEL journal, October 2003

Methane hydrate formation and dissociation in a partially saturated core-scale sand sample journal, March 2007

Liquid limit as a predictor of mudrock permeability journal, June 2013

Subsurface gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico journal, June 2012

Premelting dynamics in a continuum model of frost heave journal, January 1999

Short migration of methane into a gas hydrate-bearing sand layer at Walker Ridge, Gulf of Mexico: SHORT MIGRATION OF METHANE journal, February 2013

Testing short-range migration of microbial methane as a hydrate formation mechanism: Results from Andaman Sea and Kumano Basin drill sites and global implications journal, July 2015

Gas migration into gas hydrate‐bearing sediments on the southern Hikurangi margin of New Zealand journal, February 2015

Dynamic multiphase flow model of hydrate formation in marine sediments journal, January 2007

Quantifying hydrate solidification front advancing using method of characteristics: ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR HYDRATE FORMATION journal, October 2015

Salinity‐buffered methane hydrate formation and dissociation in gas‐rich systems journal, February 2015

Macroscopic Investigation of Hydrate film Growth at the Hydrocarbon/Water Interface text, January 2008

Marine Chemistry journal, January 1976

Marine Chemistry journal, June 1976

Nitrogen‐Driven Chromatographic Separation During Gas Injection Into Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments journal, August 2019

Pore space hydrate formation in a glass bead sample from methane dissolved in water
journal, January 2005

Fluid and chemical fluxes in and out of sediments hosting methane hydrate deposits on Hydrate Ridge, OR, I: Hydrological provinces
journal, August 2002

Dynamic response of oceanic hydrate deposits to ocean temperature change: DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF OCEANIC HYDRATES
journal, December 2008

Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases
book, September 2007

Formation and accumulation of gas hydrate in porous media
journal, May 1997

Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II logging-while-drilling data acquisition and analysis
journal, June 2012

Gas hydrate resource potential in the Terrebonne Basin, Northern Gulf of Mexico
journal, June 2012

Transient seafloor venting on continental slopes from warming-induced methane hydrate dissociation: TRANSIENT SEAFLOOR VENTING FROM HYDRATES
journal, December 2015

Passing gas through the hydrate stability zone at southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon
journal, January 2006

Macroscopic investigation of hydrate film growth at the hydrocarbon/water interface
journal, December 2007

Induction phenomena in gas hydrate nucleation
journal, July 1994

Short-range, overpressure-driven methane migration in coarse-grained gas hydrate reservoirs: Short Advection in Gas Hydrate Systems
journal, September 2016

Large-scale simulation of methane hydrate dissociation along the West Spitsbergen Margin
journal, January 2009

Relationships among air-water interfacial area, capillary pressure, and water saturation for a sandy porous medium: TECHNICAL NOTE
journal, March 2006

Growth of Methane Clathrate Hydrates in Porous Media
journal, April 2012

Occurrence of gas hydrate in Oligocene Frio sand: Alaminos Canyon Block 818: Northern Gulf of Mexico
journal, September 2009

Feeding methane vents and gas hydrate deposits at south Hydrate Ridge: FEEDING METHANE VENTS AND GAS HYDRATES
journal, December 2004

Measuring Air−Water Interfacial Areas with X-ray Microtomography and Interfacial Partitioning Tracer Tests
journal, March 2007

Gas hydrates (clathrates) causing pore-water freshening and oxygen isotope fractionation in deep-water sedimentary sections of terrigenous continental margins
journal, November 1981

X-ray computed-tomography observations of water flow through anisotropic methane hydrate-bearing sand
journal, June 2009

Darcy's law in saturated kaolinite
journal, June 1966

Architecture of gas-hydrate-bearing sands from Walker Ridge 313, Green Canyon 955, and Alaminos Canyon 21: Northern deepwater Gulf of Mexico
journal, June 2012

Geophysical and geochemical signatures associated with gas hydrate-related venting in the northern Cascadia margin
journal, January 2006

Sediment surface effects on methane hydrate formation and dissociation
journal, June 2003

Measurement of induction times for the formation of methane and ethane gas hydrates
journal, February 1993

Raman spectroscopic analyses of the growth process of CO2 hydrates
journal, June 1995

The formation of meso- and macroporous gas hydrates
journal, September 2000

An Improved Method for Numerical Inversion of Laplace Transforms
journal, September 1982

Capillary pressure and heterogeneity for the CO2/water system in sandstone rocks at reservoir conditions
journal, March 2012

Gas hydrate growth, methane transport, and chloride enrichment at the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia margin off Oregon
journal, September 2004

A molecular mechanism for gas hydrate nucleation from ice
journal, September 1991

Predicting PVT data for CO2–brine mixtures for black-oil simulation of CO2 geological storage
journal, January 2008

Methane hydrate crystal growth in a porous medium filled with methane-saturated liquid water
journal, March 2007

Crystallographic Studies of Clathrate Hydrates. Part I
journal, December 1986

Methane migration within the submarine gas-hydrate stability zone under deep-water conditions
journal, February 1997

The physics of premelted ice and its geophysical consequences
journal, July 2006

Methane hydrate nonstoichiometry and phase diagram
journal, May 2003

Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Hydrate Growth on a Gas-Liquid Interface
journal, April 2018

A cylindrical electrical resistivity tomography array for three-dimensional monitoring of hydrate formation and dissociation
journal, October 2013

Operational overview of the first offshore production test of methane hydrates in the Eastern Nankai Trough
conference, May 2014

The movement and entrapment of petroleum fluids in the subsurface
journal, March 1987

Methane Hydrate Distribution from Prolonged and Repeated Formation in Natural and Compacted Sand Samples: X-Ray CT Observations
journal, January 2011

A numerical model for the formation of gas hydrate below the seafloor
journal, January 2001

The Pore-Pressure Coefficients A and B
journal, December 1954

Predicting the occurrence, distribution, and evolution of methane gas hydrate in porous marine sediments
journal, March 1999

Rising methane gas bubbles form massive hydrate layers at the seafloor
journal, November 2004

Formation of Methane Hydrate from Polydisperse Ice Powders
journal, July 2006

Marine Chemistry
journal, December 1980

A model for the diffusive growth of hydrate saturation anomalies in layered sediments
journal, January 2011

Toward Production From Gas Hydrates: Current Status, Assessment of Resources, and Simulation-Based Evaluation of Technology and Potential
journal, October 2009

In Situ Studies of the Mass Transfer Mechanism across a Methane Hydrate Film Using High-Resolution Confocal Raman Spectroscopy
journal, December 2009

Experimental studies on the formation of porous gas hydrates
journal, August 2004

A steady state model for marine hydrate formation: Constraints on methane supply from pore water sulfate profiles: STEADY STATE HYDRATE MODEL
journal, October 2003

Methane hydrate formation and dissociation in a partially saturated core-scale sand sample
journal, March 2007

Liquid limit as a predictor of mudrock permeability
journal, June 2013

Subsurface gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico
journal, June 2012

Premelting dynamics in a continuum model of frost heave
journal, January 1999

Short migration of methane into a gas hydrate-bearing sand layer at Walker Ridge, Gulf of Mexico: SHORT MIGRATION OF METHANE
journal, February 2013

Testing short-range migration of microbial methane as a hydrate formation mechanism: Results from Andaman Sea and Kumano Basin drill sites and global implications
journal, July 2015

Gas migration into gas hydrate‐bearing sediments on the southern Hikurangi margin of New Zealand
journal, February 2015

Dynamic multiphase flow model of hydrate formation in marine sediments
journal, January 2007

Quantifying hydrate solidification front advancing using method of characteristics: ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR HYDRATE FORMATION
journal, October 2015

Salinity‐buffered methane hydrate formation and dissociation in gas‐rich systems
journal, February 2015

Macroscopic Investigation of Hydrate film Growth at the Hydrocarbon/Water Interface
text, January 2008

Marine Chemistry
journal, January 1976

Marine Chemistry
journal, June 1976

Nitrogen‐Driven Chromatographic Separation During Gas Injection Into Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments
journal, August 2019