Impact of Fuel Contents on Tribological Performance of PAO Base Oil and ZDDP
Abstract
Fuel and water contents are inevitable in automotive engine oils. This study intends to investigate the impact of the addition of gasoline (3–20%) and water (1%) on the lubricating performance of synthetic base oil (PAO), with or without an anti-wear additive (ZDDP), for a steel-cast iron contact. Fuel-added PAO showed an increase in the load carrying capacity. Oil electrical conductivity and total acid number (TAN) measurements showed slightly increased conductivity and marginally increased acidity at a higher fuel concentration. In contrast, an increased wear rate, proportional to the fuel concentration, was observed in a prolonged test with constant-loading. Results suggested that the fuel addition is a double-edged sword: reducing the scuffing risk by providing stronger surface adsorption and increasing the sliding wear rate by bringing down the oil viscosity. The PAO-water blend formed an emulsion and resulted in a significantly increased load-carrying capacity, again likely due to the higher polarity and possibly acidity. For the ZDDP-containing PAO, the addition of 1% water and 3% fuel generated 24% and 52% higher wear. The phosphate polymerization level was reduced on the worn surfaces by the introduction of water but the thickness of ZDDP tribofilm was not significantly affected.
- Authors:
-
[1]
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou (China). State Key Lab. of Solid Lubrication. Lanzhou Inst. of Chemical Physics
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Energy and Transportation Science Division
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1474717
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Lubricants
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2075-4442
- Publisher:
- MDPI
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; oil dilution; water; fuel; TAN; conductivity; scuffing; ZDDP
Citation Formats
Zhou, Yan, Li, Weimin, Stump, Benjamin, Connatser, Raynella, Lazarevic, Sladjan, and Qu, Jun. Impact of Fuel Contents on Tribological Performance of PAO Base Oil and ZDDP. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.3390/lubricants6030079.
Zhou, Yan, Li, Weimin, Stump, Benjamin, Connatser, Raynella, Lazarevic, Sladjan, & Qu, Jun. Impact of Fuel Contents on Tribological Performance of PAO Base Oil and ZDDP. United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants6030079
Zhou, Yan, Li, Weimin, Stump, Benjamin, Connatser, Raynella, Lazarevic, Sladjan, and Qu, Jun. Fri .
"Impact of Fuel Contents on Tribological Performance of PAO Base Oil and ZDDP". United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants6030079. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1474717.
@article{osti_1474717,
title = {Impact of Fuel Contents on Tribological Performance of PAO Base Oil and ZDDP},
author = {Zhou, Yan and Li, Weimin and Stump, Benjamin and Connatser, Raynella and Lazarevic, Sladjan and Qu, Jun},
abstractNote = {Fuel and water contents are inevitable in automotive engine oils. This study intends to investigate the impact of the addition of gasoline (3–20%) and water (1%) on the lubricating performance of synthetic base oil (PAO), with or without an anti-wear additive (ZDDP), for a steel-cast iron contact. Fuel-added PAO showed an increase in the load carrying capacity. Oil electrical conductivity and total acid number (TAN) measurements showed slightly increased conductivity and marginally increased acidity at a higher fuel concentration. In contrast, an increased wear rate, proportional to the fuel concentration, was observed in a prolonged test with constant-loading. Results suggested that the fuel addition is a double-edged sword: reducing the scuffing risk by providing stronger surface adsorption and increasing the sliding wear rate by bringing down the oil viscosity. The PAO-water blend formed an emulsion and resulted in a significantly increased load-carrying capacity, again likely due to the higher polarity and possibly acidity. For the ZDDP-containing PAO, the addition of 1% water and 3% fuel generated 24% and 52% higher wear. The phosphate polymerization level was reduced on the worn surfaces by the introduction of water but the thickness of ZDDP tribofilm was not significantly affected.},
doi = {10.3390/lubricants6030079},
journal = {Lubricants},
number = 3,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Sep 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri Sep 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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