DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Self-Templated Formation of P2-type K0.6CoO2 Microspheres for High Reversible Potassium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

We report that layered metal oxides have been widely used as the best cathode materials for commercial lithium-ion batteries and are being intensively explored for sodium-ion batteries. However, their application to potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) is hampered because of the poor cycling stability and low rate capability due to the larger ionic size of K+ than of Li+ or Na+. Herein, a facile self-templated strategy was used to synthesize unique P2-type K0.6CoO2 microspheres that consist of aggregated primary nanoplates as PIB cathodes. The unique K0.6CoO2 microspheres with aggregated structure significantly enhanced the kinetics of the K+ intercalation/deintercation and also minimized the parasitic reactions between the electrolyte and K0.6CoO2. The P2-K0.6CoO2 microspheres demonstrated a high reversible capacity of 82 mAh g–1 at 10 mA g–1, high rate capability of 65 mAh g–1 at 100 mA g–1, and long cycle life (87% capacity retention over 300 cycles). The high reversibility of the P2-K0.6CoO2 full cell paired with a hard carbon anode further demonstrated the feasibility of PIBs. Lastly, this work not only successfully demonstrates exceptional performance of P2-type K0.6CoO2 cathodes and microspheres K0.6CoO2∥hard carbon full cells, but also provides new insights into the exploration of other layered metal oxides for PIBs.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1470232
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001160
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nano Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 18; Journal Issue: 2; Related Information: NEES partners with University of Maryland (lead); University of California, Irvine; University of Florida; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sandia National Laboratories; Yale University; Journal ID: ISSN 1530-6984
Publisher:
American Chemical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 25 ENERGY STORAGE; bio-inspired; energy storage (including batteries and capacitors); defects; charge transport; synthesis (novel materials); synthesis (self-assembly); synthesis (scalable processing); Cathode material; layered metal oxides; K0.6CoO2; high reversibility; potassium-ion battery

Citation Formats

Deng, Tao, Fan, Xiulin, Luo, Chao, Chen, Ji, Chen, Long, Hou, Singyuk, Eidson, Nico, Zhou, Xiuquan, and Wang, Chunsheng. Self-Templated Formation of P2-type K0.6CoO2 Microspheres for High Reversible Potassium-Ion Batteries. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05324.
Deng, Tao, Fan, Xiulin, Luo, Chao, Chen, Ji, Chen, Long, Hou, Singyuk, Eidson, Nico, Zhou, Xiuquan, & Wang, Chunsheng. Self-Templated Formation of P2-type K0.6CoO2 Microspheres for High Reversible Potassium-Ion Batteries. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05324
Deng, Tao, Fan, Xiulin, Luo, Chao, Chen, Ji, Chen, Long, Hou, Singyuk, Eidson, Nico, Zhou, Xiuquan, and Wang, Chunsheng. Tue . "Self-Templated Formation of P2-type K0.6CoO2 Microspheres for High Reversible Potassium-Ion Batteries". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05324. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1470232.
@article{osti_1470232,
title = {Self-Templated Formation of P2-type K0.6CoO2 Microspheres for High Reversible Potassium-Ion Batteries},
author = {Deng, Tao and Fan, Xiulin and Luo, Chao and Chen, Ji and Chen, Long and Hou, Singyuk and Eidson, Nico and Zhou, Xiuquan and Wang, Chunsheng},
abstractNote = {We report that layered metal oxides have been widely used as the best cathode materials for commercial lithium-ion batteries and are being intensively explored for sodium-ion batteries. However, their application to potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) is hampered because of the poor cycling stability and low rate capability due to the larger ionic size of K+ than of Li+ or Na+. Herein, a facile self-templated strategy was used to synthesize unique P2-type K0.6CoO2 microspheres that consist of aggregated primary nanoplates as PIB cathodes. The unique K0.6CoO2 microspheres with aggregated structure significantly enhanced the kinetics of the K+ intercalation/deintercation and also minimized the parasitic reactions between the electrolyte and K0.6CoO2. The P2-K0.6CoO2 microspheres demonstrated a high reversible capacity of 82 mAh g–1 at 10 mA g–1, high rate capability of 65 mAh g–1 at 100 mA g–1, and long cycle life (87% capacity retention over 300 cycles). The high reversibility of the P2-K0.6CoO2 full cell paired with a hard carbon anode further demonstrated the feasibility of PIBs. Lastly, this work not only successfully demonstrates exceptional performance of P2-type K0.6CoO2 cathodes and microspheres K0.6CoO2∥hard carbon full cells, but also provides new insights into the exploration of other layered metal oxides for PIBs.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05324},
journal = {Nano Letters},
number = 2,
volume = 18,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 02 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Tue Jan 02 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 136 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

A New, Safe, High-Rate and High-Energy Polymer Lithium-Ion Battery
journal, August 2009

  • Hassoun, Jusef; Panero, Stefania; Reale, Priscilla
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.200900470

Superior Storage Performance of a Si@SiOx/C Nanocomposite as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, February 2008

  • Hu, Yong-Sheng; Demir-Cakan, Rezan; Titirici, Maria-Magdalena
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 47, Issue 9, p. 1645-1649
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704287

The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective
journal, January 2013

  • Goodenough, John B.; Park, Kyu-Sung
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja3091438

Mg rechargeable batteries: an on-going challenge
journal, January 2013

  • Yoo, Hyun Deog; Shterenberg, Ivgeni; Gofer, Yosef
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 8, p. 2265-2279
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3ee40871j

A Structurable Gel-Polymer Electrolyte for Sodium Ion Batteries
journal, July 2017

  • Kim, Jin Il; Choi, Yunah; Chung, Kyung Yoon
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 34
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701768

A comprehensive review of sodium layered oxides: powerful cathodes for Na-ion batteries
journal, January 2015

  • Han, Man Huon; Gonzalo, Elena; Singh, Gurpreet
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1039/C4EE03192J

Roll-to-roll fabrication of organic nanorod electrodes for sodium ion batteries
journal, April 2015


Superior reversible tin phosphide-carbon spheres for sodium ion battery anode
journal, August 2017


Superior Stable Self-Healing SnP 3 Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
journal, June 2015

  • Fan, Xiulin; Mao, Jianfeng; Zhu, Yujie
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201500174

Recent Progress on Spray Pyrolysis for High Performance Electrode Materials in Lithium and Sodium Rechargeable Batteries
journal, December 2016

  • Zhu, Yujie; Choi, Seung Ho; Fan, Xiulin
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201601578

Research Development on Sodium-Ion Batteries
journal, October 2014

  • Yabuuchi, Naoaki; Kubota, Kei; Dahbi, Mouad
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr500192f

A Honeycomb-Layered Na 3 Ni 2 SbO 6 : A High-Rate and Cycle-Stable Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
journal, July 2014


Electrochemical investigation of the P2–NaxCoO2 phase diagram
journal, December 2010

  • Berthelot, R.; Carlier, D.; Delmas, C.
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat2920

Structurally stable Mg-doped P2-Na 2/3 Mn 1−y Mg y O 2 sodium-ion battery cathodes with high rate performance: insights from electrochemical, NMR and diffraction studies
journal, January 2016

  • Clément, Raphaële J.; Billaud, Juliette; Robert Armstrong, A.
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6EE01750A

K-Ion Batteries Based on a P2-Type K 0.6 CoO 2 Cathode
journal, May 2017

  • Kim, Haegyeom; Kim, Jae Chul; Bo, Shou-Hang
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201700098

A high-voltage solid-state secondary cell based on chromium hexacyanometallates
journal, May 2003


Potassium secondary cell based on Prussian blue cathode
journal, February 2004


Potassium Secondary Batteries
journal, October 2016

  • Eftekhari, Ali; Jian, Zelang; Ji, Xiulei
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07989

Electrochemical and thermal properties of P2-type Na2/3Fe1/3Mn2/3O2 for Na-ion batteries
journal, October 2014


A novel K-ion battery: hexacyanoferrate( ii )/graphite cell
journal, January 2017

  • Bie, Xiaofei; Kubota, Kei; Hosaka, Tomooki
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7TA00220C

Low-Cost High-Energy Potassium Cathode
journal, January 2017

  • Xue, Leigang; Li, Yutao; Gao, Hongcai
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12598

High-Capacity Aqueous Potassium-Ion Batteries for Large-Scale Energy Storage
journal, October 2016

  • Su, Dawei; McDonagh, Andrew; Qiao, Shi-Zhang
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604007

Hard-Soft Composite Carbon as a Long-Cycling and High-Rate Anode for Potassium-Ion Batteries
journal, May 2017

  • Jian, Zelang; Hwang, Sooyeon; Li, Zhifei
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201700324

Potassium Prussian Blue Nanoparticles: A Low-Cost Cathode Material for Potassium-Ion Batteries
journal, December 2016

  • Zhang, Chenglin; Xu, Yang; Zhou, Min
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201604307

Activated carbon from the graphite with increased rate capability for the potassium ion battery
journal, October 2017


Potassium Ion Batteries with Graphitic Materials
journal, October 2015


Crystallite Size Control of Prussian White Analogues for Nonaqueous Potassium-Ion Batteries
journal, April 2017


Role of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Improved High-Capacity Potassium Ion Battery Anodes
journal, October 2016


Investigation of Potassium Storage in Layered P3-Type K 0.5 MnO 2 Cathode
journal, August 2017

  • Kim, Haegyeom; Seo, Dong-Hwa; Kim, Jae Chul
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702480

Earth Abundant Fe/Mn-Based Layered Oxide Interconnected Nanowires for Advanced K-Ion Full Batteries
journal, December 2016


Alternative electrochemical energy storage: potassium-based dual-graphite batteries
journal, January 2017

  • Beltrop, K.; Beuker, S.; Heckmann, A.
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7EE01535F

Carbon Electrodes for K-Ion Batteries
journal, September 2015

  • Jian, Zelang; Luo, Wei; Ji, Xiulei
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 36
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06809

Hard Carbon Microspheres: Potassium-Ion Anode Versus Sodium-Ion Anode
journal, November 2015

  • Jian, Zelang; Xing, Zhenyu; Bommier, Clement
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201501874

Potassium intercalation into graphite to realize high-voltage/high-power potassium-ion batteries and potassium-ion capacitors
journal, November 2015


Non-Aqueous K-Ion Battery Based on Layered K 0.3 MnO 2 and Hard Carbon/Carbon Black
journal, January 2016

  • Vaalma, Christoph; Giffin, Guinevere A.; Buchholz, Daniel
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0921607jes

Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Nanoparticle Electrodes For Aqueous Sodium and Potassium Ion Batteries
journal, December 2011

  • Wessells, Colin D.; Peddada, Sandeep V.; Huggins, Robert A.
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 12, p. 5421-5425
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl203193q

First-Principles Study of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Ion Intercalation in Iron Hexacyanoferrate: The Important Role of Ionic Radius
journal, October 2013

  • Ling, Chen; Chen, Jiajun; Mizuno, Fuminori
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 41
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp4078689

Amorphous iron phosphate: potential host for various charge carrier ions
journal, October 2014

  • Mathew, Vinod; Kim, Sungjin; Kang, Jungwon
  • NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1038/am.2014.98

Prussian Green: A High Rate Capacity Cathode for Potassium Ion Batteries
journal, June 2015


A Practical High-Energy Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries Based on Uniform P2-Na 0.7 CoO 2 Microspheres
journal, April 2017

  • Fang, Yongjin; Yu, Xin-Yao; Lou, Xiong Wen David
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702024

Radially aligned hierarchical columnar structure as a cathode material for high energy density sodium-ion batteries
journal, April 2015

  • Hwang, Jang-Yeon; Oh, Seung-Min; Myung, Seung-Taek
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7865

Building Self-Healing Alloy Architecture for Stable Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes: A Case Study of Tin Anode Materials
journal, March 2016

  • Mao, Jianfeng; Fan, Xiulin; Luo, Chao
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00641

High-Performance Olivine NaFePO 4 Microsphere Cathode Synthesized by Aqueous Electrochemical Displacement Method for Sodium Ion Batteries
journal, August 2015

  • Fang, Yongjin; Liu, Qi; Xiao, Lifen
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 32
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04691

Update on anode materials for Na-ion batteries
journal, January 2015

  • Kang, Hongyan; Liu, Yongchang; Cao, Kangzhe
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 35
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5TA03181H

Electrochemical potassium-ion intercalation in Na x CoO 2 : a novel cathode material for potassium-ion batteries
journal, January 2017

  • Sada, Krishnakanth; Senthilkumar, Baskar; Barpanda, Prabeer
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 53, Issue 61
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7CC02791E

Structure and Properties of Alkali Cobalt Double Oxides A 0.6 CoO 2 (A = Li, Na, and K)
journal, October 2009

  • Pollet, Michaël; Blangero, Maxime; Doumerc, Jean-Pierre
  • Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 48, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1021/ic900386q

P2-type Nax[Fe1/2Mn1/2]O2 made from earth-abundant elements for rechargeable Na batteries
journal, April 2012

  • Yabuuchi, Naoaki; Kajiyama, Masataka; Iwatate, Junichi
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat3309

Scalable synthesis of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C porous hollow spheres as a cathode for Na-ion batteries
journal, January 2015

  • Mao, Jianfeng; Luo, Chao; Gao, Tao
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5TA01007A

Works referencing / citing this record:

Exploring Self-Healing Liquid Na-K Alloy for Dendrite-Free Electrochemical Energy Storage
journal, October 2018


An Ultrafast and Highly Stable Potassium-Organic Battery
journal, October 2018


Fabrication of Hierarchical Potassium Titanium Phosphate Spheroids: A Host Material for Sodium-Ion and Potassium-Ion Storage
journal, August 2018

  • Wei, Zhixuan; Wang, Dongxue; Li, Malin
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 27
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201801102

A High-Energy-Density Potassium Battery with a Polymer-Gel Electrolyte and a Polyaniline Cathode
journal, April 2018


Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
journal, January 2020

  • Rajagopalan, Ranjusha; Tang, Yougen; Ji, Xiaobo
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909486

Highly wrinkled carbon tubes as an advanced anode for K-ion full batteries
journal, January 2019

  • Li, Peng; Hwang, Jang-Yeon; Sun, Yang-Kook
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 36
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta08071f

A non-topotactic redox reaction enabled K 2 V 3 O 8 as a high voltage cathode material for potassium-ion batteries
journal, January 2019

  • Yang, Yusi; Liu, Zhifeng; Deng, Leqing
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 99
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07996c

Safe, Low‐Cost, Fast‐Kinetics and Low‐Strain Inorganic‐Open‐Framework Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
journal, November 2019

  • Zhang, Ruding; Huang, Jiajia; Deng, Wenzhuo
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909202

High pyridine N-doped porous carbon derived from metal–organic frameworks for boosting potassium-ion storage
journal, January 2018

  • Li, Youpeng; Yang, Chenghao; Zheng, Fenghua
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta06652c

Highly Concentrated KTFSI : Glyme Electrolytes for K/Bilayered‐V 2 O 5 Batteries
journal, January 2020

  • Liu, Xu; Elia, Giuseppe Antonio; Gao, Xinpei
  • Batteries & Supercaps, Vol. 3, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/batt.202000003

A Layered Inorganic–Organic Open Framework Material as a 4 V Positive Electrode with High‐Rate Performance for K‐Ion Batteries
journal, October 2019

  • Hameed, Abdulrahman Shahul; Katogi, Akihiro; Kubota, Kei
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902528

Layered P2-Type K 0.65 Fe 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 Microspheres as Superior Cathode for High-Energy Potassium-Ion Batteries
journal, May 2018

  • Deng, Tao; Fan, Xiulin; Chen, Ji
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 28
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201800219

Recent development and prospect of potassium-ion batteries with high energy and high safety for post-lithium batteries
journal, August 2019


Structural Insight into Layer Gliding and Lattice Distortion in Layered Manganese Oxide Electrodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
journal, June 2019

  • Zhang, Qing; Didier, Christophe; Pang, Wei Kong
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 30
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201900568

Review on Recent Advances of Cathode Materials for Potassium‐ion Batteries
journal, March 2020

  • Sha, Mo; Liu, Long; Zhao, Huaping
  • ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS, Vol. 3, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/eem2.12060

Highly dispersed Zn nanoparticles confined in a nanoporous carbon network: promising anode materials for sodium and potassium ion batteries
journal, January 2018

  • Yan, Chunliu; Gu, Xin; Zhang, Li
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 36
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta05297b

Cathode Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries: Current Status and Perspective
journal, October 2018


Layered P2‐Type K 0.44 Ni 0.22 Mn 0.78 O 2 as a High‐Performance Cathode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
journal, October 2019

  • Zhang, Xinyuan; Yang, Yubo; Qu, Xianlin
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 49
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201905679

Construction of Hierarchical K 1.39 Mn 3 O 6 Spheres via AlF 3 Coating for High-Performance Potassium-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2019

  • Zhao, Shuoqing; Yan, Kang; Munroe, Paul
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201803757

A new P2-type layered oxide cathode with superior full-cell performances for K-ion batteries
journal, January 2019

  • Hwang, Jang-Yeon; Kim, Jongsoon; Yu, Tae-Yeon
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta07837a

Encapsulating Carbon‐Coated MoS 2 Nanosheets within a Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Network for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Storage
journal, September 2019

  • Zhang, Jingyuan; Cui, Peixin; Gu, Ying
  • Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1002/admi.201901066

Safe, Low‐Cost, Fast‐Kinetics and Low‐Strain Inorganic‐Open‐Framework Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
journal, September 2019

  • Zhang, Ruding; Huang, Jiajia; Deng, Wenzhuo
  • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909202

High Potassium Storage Capability of H 2 V 3 O 8 in a Non‐Aqueous Electrolyte
journal, October 2019

  • Rastgoo‐Deylami, Mohadese; Heo, Jongwook W.; Hong, Seung‐Tae
  • ChemistrySelect, Vol. 4, Issue 40
  • DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900618

Fast Potassium Storage in Hierarchical Ca 0.5 Ti 2 (PO 4 ) 3 @C Microspheres Enabling High-Performance Potassium-Ion Capacitors
journal, July 2018

  • Zhang, Zhongyu; Li, Malin; Gao, Yu
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 36
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201802684

Ammonium Vanadium Bronze as a Potassium-Ion Battery Cathode with High Rate Capability and Cyclability
journal, October 2018


P2‐K 0.75 [Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 ]O 2 Cathode Material for High Power and Long Life Potassium‐Ion Batteries
journal, January 2020

  • Jo, Jae Hyeon; Choi, Ji Ung; Park, Yun Ji
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201903605

A High-Energy-Density Potassium Battery with a Polymer-Gel Electrolyte and a Polyaniline Cathode
journal, April 2018

  • Gao, Hongcai; Xue, Leigang; Xin, Sen
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802248