Factoring the strong CP problem

Agrawal, Prateek; Howe, Kiel

doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2018)029

Title: Factoring the strong CP problem

Abstract

We present a new mechanism to solve the strong CP problem using $$N\geq2$$ axions, each dynamically relaxing part of the $$\bar\theta$$ parameter. At high energies $$M\gg\Lambda_{QCD}$$ the $$SU(3)_{c}$$ group becomes the diagonal subgroup of an $$SU(3)^{N}$$ gauge group, and the non-perturbative effects in each individual $SU(3)$ factor generate a potential for the corresponding axion. The vacuum is naturally aligned to ensure $$\bar\theta=0$$ at low energies, and the masses of these axions can be much larger than for the standard QCD axion. This mechanism avoids the introduction of a discrete $$Z_2$$ symmetry and associated 'mirror' copies of the SM fermions, and also avoids the introduction and stabilization of new light colored states to modify the running of the QCD gauge coupling found in other heavy axion models. This strengthens the motivation for axion-like particles solving the strong CP problem at points beyond the standard QCD axion curve in the $$(m_a, f_a)$$ plane.

Authors:

Agrawal, Prateek ^[1];

^[2]

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1469012

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1710.04213; FERMILAB-PUB-17-500-T
Journal ID: ISSN 1029-8479; 1630478

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 2018; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer Berlin

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Anomalies in Field and String Theories; Beyond Standard Model; CP violation; Solitons Monopoles and Instantons

Citation Formats


                    Agrawal, Prateek, and Howe, Kiel. Factoring the strong CP problem.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2018)029.

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                    Agrawal, Prateek, & Howe, Kiel. Factoring the strong CP problem.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2018)029

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                    Agrawal, Prateek, and Howe, Kiel. Thu .  
"Factoring the strong CP problem".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2018)029.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1469012.

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@article{osti_1469012,

  title        = {Factoring the strong CP problem},

  author       = {Agrawal, Prateek and Howe, Kiel},

  abstractNote = {We present a new mechanism to solve the strong CP problem using $N\geq2$ axions, each dynamically relaxing part of the $\bar\theta$ parameter. At high energies $M\gg\Lambda_{QCD}$ the $SU(3)_{c}$ group becomes the diagonal subgroup of an $SU(3)^{N}$ gauge group, and the non-perturbative effects in each individual $SU(3)$ factor generate a potential for the corresponding axion. The vacuum is naturally aligned to ensure $\bar\theta=0$ at low energies, and the masses of these axions can be much larger than for the standard QCD axion. This mechanism avoids the introduction of a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry and associated 'mirror' copies of the SM fermions, and also avoids the introduction and stabilization of new light colored states to modify the running of the QCD gauge coupling found in other heavy axion models. This strengthens the motivation for axion-like particles solving the strong CP problem at points beyond the standard QCD axion curve in the $(m_a, f_a)$ plane.},

  doi          = {10.1007/JHEP12(2018)029},

  journal      = {Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)},

  number       = 12,

  volume       = 2018,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2018},

  month        = {Thu Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2018}

}

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Figure 1.: An instanton vacuum-diagram schematically generates a short distance contribution to the axion potential that is proportional to the breakings of the individual quark chiral U(1) factors by the Higgs Yukawa couplings. The dominant contribution at short distances is proportional to the Higgs vacuum fluctuations, corresponding to looping offmore »

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Strong $C P$ problem with low-energy emergent QCD: The 4321 case
journal, December 2019

Fuentes-Martín, Javier; Reig, Mario; Vicente, Avelino
Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.115028

Automatic Peccei–Quinn symmetry
journal, June 2019

Gavela, M. B.; Ibe, M.; Quilez, P.
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7046-3

Dynamical axion misalignment with small instantons
journal, December 2019

Buen-Abad, Manuel A.; Fan, JiJi
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/jhep12(2019)161

Nonresonant Searches for Axionlike Particles at the LHC
journal, February 2020

Gavela, M. B.; No, J. M.; Sanz, V.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.051802

Color unified dynamical axion
journal, November 2018

Gaillard, M. K.; Gavela, M. B.; Houtz, R.
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 78, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6396-6

Color Unifed Dynamical Axion
text, January 2018

Gaillard, M. K.; Gavela, M. B.; Houtz, R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1805.06465

New Axion Searches at Flavor Factories
preprint, January 2018

Vidal, Xabier Cid; Mariotti, Alberto; Redigolo, Diego
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.09452

Dynamical axion misalignment with small instantons
text, January 2019

Buen-Abad, Manuel A.; Fan, JiJi
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1911.05737

Strong CP problem with low-energy emergent QCD: The 4321 case
text, January 2019

Fuentes-Martín, Javier; Reig, Mario; Vicente, Avelino
University of Zurich
DOI: 10.5167/uzh-179076

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Title: Factoring the strong CP problem

Abstract

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Figures / Tables:

Symmetry Breaking through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies journal, July 1976

Naturally weak CP violation journal, March 1984

Constraints on the scalar sector of the renormalizable coloron model journal, October 2013

The QCD axion, precisely journal, January 2016

Strong P and T Noninvariances in a Superweak Theory journal, July 1978

Strong CP problem and mirror world: the Weinberg–Wilczek axion revisited journal, February 2001

Toward a theory of the strong interactions journal, May 1978

A collider observable QCD axion journal, November 2016

(De)Constructing Dimensions journal, May 2001

WISPy cold dark matter journal, June 2012

Analyzing chiral symmetry breaking in supersymmetric gauge theories journal, April 1998

Can confinement ensure natural CP invariance of strong interactions? journal, April 1980

Limits on CP -odd four-fermion operators containing the strange quark field journal, July 1999

A simple solution to the strong CP problem with a harmless axion journal, August 1981

Strong QCD at high energies and a heavy axion journal, May 1985

Effect of instantons on the short-distance structure of hadronic currents journal, July 1978

Revised constraints and Belle II sensitivity for visible and invisible axion-like particles text, January 2017

Probing MeV to 90 GeV axion-like particles with LEP and LHC journal, February 2016

String axiverse journal, June 2010

The photo-philic QCD axion journal, January 2017

Model of visible QCD axion journal, July 2015

Minimal S U ( 3 ) × S U ( 3 ) symmetry breaking patterns journal, March 2018

Solving the Strong CP Problem without the Peccei-Quinn Symmetry journal, July 1984

ALPs at colliders journal, June 2015

Probing axions with neutron star inspirals and other stellar processes journal, June 2018

Broadband and Resonant Approaches to Axion Dark Matter Detection journal, September 2016

A Supersymmetry Primer book, July 1998

Discovering the QCD axion with black holes and gravitational waves journal, April 2015

Constraints on axion-like particles from non-observation of spectral modulations for X-ray point sources journal, July 2017

Supersymmetric solution to CP problems journal, November 1996

Instanton effects in three flavor QCD journal, September 2015

New Target for Cosmic Axion Searches journal, October 2016

Experimental Searches for the Axion and Axion-Like Particles journal, October 2015

Mass Renormalization by Instantons and the Strong CP Problem journal, August 1988

Redefining the Axion Window journal, January 2017

Improved Experimental Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron journal, September 2006

Grand unification and heavy axion journal, April 1997

Any light particle search II — Technical Design Report journal, September 2013

Challenges for the Nelson-Barr mechanism journal, August 2015

Heavy octets and Tevatron signals with three or four b jets journal, July 2011

Finding the strong CP problem at the LHC journal, November 2016

Solving the strong CP problem with supersymmetry journal, August 2001

Anomalous Solutions to the Strong C P Problem journal, April 2015

A New Light Boson? journal, January 1978

New Target for Cosmic Axion Searches text, January 2016

Search for new phenomena in dijet events using 37 fb − 1 of p p collision data collected at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector journal, September 2017

Search for Scalar Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range 65–600 GeV with the ATLAS Detector in p p Collision Data at s = 8 TeV journal, October 2014

Small instanton contribution to the axion potential in supersymmetric models journal, March 1999

Parity Conservation in Quantum Chromodynamics journal, August 1984

Natural suppression of strong P and T non-invariance journal, November 1978

Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons journal, January 1978

Reduced Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of Hg 199 journal, April 2016

CP violation in the minimal N = 1 supergravity theory journal, January 1985

(De)Constructing Dimensions text, January 2001

Search for high-mass diphoton resonances in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV search journal, April 2017

Cosmological bounds on pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons journal, February 2012

Proposal for a Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr) journal, May 2014

Revised experimental upper limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron journal, November 2015

Vacuum stability and triviality analyses of the renormalizable coloron model journal, September 2015

Naturally large Yukawa hierarchies journal, August 2011

Constraints on Axion-like Particles from X-Ray Observations of NGC1275 journal, September 2017

Instability of the invisible axion journal, June 1992

Experimental targets for photon couplings of the QCD axion journal, February 2018

CP Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles journal, June 1977

Constraining axion dark matter with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis journal, October 2014

Strong CP problem and parity journal, November 1991

Strong and weak CP violation journal, January 1979

A new bound on axion-like particles journal, December 2017

Solution to the strong CP problem without an axion journal, February 1990

Weak-Interaction Singlet and Strong CP Invariance journal, July 1979

Planck-scale physics and the Peccei-Quinn mechanism journal, May 1992

A new bound on axion-like particles text, January 2017

New observables for direct detection of axion dark matter journal, August 2013

New LHC bound on low-mass diphoton resonances journal, August 2018

Future directions in the microwave cavity search for dark matter axions journal, July 2014

Review of lattice results concerning low-energy particle physics: Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG) journal, February 2017

Symmetry Breaking through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies
journal, July 1976

Naturally weak CP violation
journal, March 1984

Constraints on the scalar sector of the renormalizable coloron model
journal, October 2013

The QCD axion, precisely
journal, January 2016

Strong $P$ and $T$ Noninvariances in a Superweak Theory
journal, July 1978

Strong CP problem and mirror world: the Weinberg–Wilczek axion revisited
journal, February 2001

Toward a theory of the strong interactions
journal, May 1978

A collider observable QCD axion
journal, November 2016

(De)Constructing Dimensions
journal, May 2001

WISPy cold dark matter
journal, June 2012

Analyzing chiral symmetry breaking in supersymmetric gauge theories
journal, April 1998

Can confinement ensure natural CP invariance of strong interactions?
journal, April 1980

Limits on $CP$ -odd four-fermion operators containing the strange quark field
journal, July 1999

A simple solution to the strong CP problem with a harmless axion
journal, August 1981

Strong QCD at high energies and a heavy axion
journal, May 1985

Effect of instantons on the short-distance structure of hadronic currents
journal, July 1978

Revised constraints and Belle II sensitivity for visible and invisible axion-like particles
text, January 2017

Probing MeV to 90 GeV axion-like particles with LEP and LHC
journal, February 2016

String axiverse
journal, June 2010

The photo-philic QCD axion
journal, January 2017

Model of visible QCD axion
journal, July 2015

Minimal $S U (3) \times S U (3)$ symmetry breaking patterns
journal, March 2018

Solving the Strong $CP$ Problem without the Peccei-Quinn Symmetry
journal, July 1984

ALPs at colliders
journal, June 2015

Probing axions with neutron star inspirals and other stellar processes
journal, June 2018

Broadband and Resonant Approaches to Axion Dark Matter Detection
journal, September 2016

A Supersymmetry Primer
book, July 1998

Discovering the QCD axion with black holes and gravitational waves
journal, April 2015

Constraints on axion-like particles from non-observation of spectral modulations for X-ray point sources
journal, July 2017

Supersymmetric solution to $CP$ problems
journal, November 1996

Instanton effects in three flavor QCD
journal, September 2015

New Target for Cosmic Axion Searches
journal, October 2016

Experimental Searches for the Axion and Axion-Like Particles
journal, October 2015

Mass Renormalization by Instantons and the Strong $CP$ Problem
journal, August 1988

Redefining the Axion Window
journal, January 2017

Improved Experimental Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron
journal, September 2006

Grand unification and heavy axion
journal, April 1997

Any light particle search II — Technical Design Report
journal, September 2013

Challenges for the Nelson-Barr mechanism
journal, August 2015

Heavy octets and Tevatron signals with three or four b jets
journal, July 2011

Finding the strong CP problem at the LHC
journal, November 2016

Solving the strong CP problem with supersymmetry
journal, August 2001

Anomalous Solutions to the Strong $C P$ Problem
journal, April 2015

A New Light Boson?
journal, January 1978

New Target for Cosmic Axion Searches
text, January 2016

Search for new phenomena in dijet events using $37 {fb}^{- 1}$ of $p p$ collision data collected at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector
journal, September 2017

Search for Scalar Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range 65–600 GeV with the ATLAS Detector in $p p$ Collision Data at $\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV$
journal, October 2014

Small instanton contribution to the axion potential in supersymmetric models
journal, March 1999

Parity Conservation in Quantum Chromodynamics
journal, August 1984

Natural suppression of strong P and T non-invariance
journal, November 1978

Problem of Strong $P$ and $T$ Invariance in the Presence of Instantons
journal, January 1978

Reduced Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of ${}^{199}{Hg}$
journal, April 2016

CP violation in the minimal N = 1 supergravity theory
journal, January 1985

(De)Constructing Dimensions
text, January 2001

Search for high-mass diphoton resonances in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV search
journal, April 2017

Cosmological bounds on pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons
journal, February 2012

Proposal for a Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr)
journal, May 2014

Revised experimental upper limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron
journal, November 2015

Vacuum stability and triviality analyses of the renormalizable coloron model
journal, September 2015

Naturally large Yukawa hierarchies
journal, August 2011

Constraints on Axion-like Particles from X-Ray Observations of NGC1275
journal, September 2017

Instability of the invisible axion
journal, June 1992

Experimental targets for photon couplings of the QCD axion
journal, February 2018

$CP$ Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles
journal, June 1977

Constraining axion dark matter with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
journal, October 2014

Strong CP problem and parity
journal, November 1991

Strong and weak CP violation
journal, January 1979

A new bound on axion-like particles
journal, December 2017

Solution to the strong $CP$ problem without an axion
journal, February 1990

Weak-Interaction Singlet and Strong $CP$ Invariance
journal, July 1979

Planck-scale physics and the Peccei-Quinn mechanism
journal, May 1992

A new bound on axion-like particles
text, January 2017

New observables for direct detection of axion dark matter
journal, August 2013

New LHC bound on low-mass diphoton resonances
journal, August 2018

Future directions in the microwave cavity search for dark matter axions
journal, July 2014

Review of lattice results concerning low-energy particle physics: Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG)
journal, February 2017

Revised constraints and Belle II sensitivity for visible and invisible axion-like particles
journal, December 2017

Raising the axion mass
journal, December 1982

A computation of the small instanton contribution to the axion potential
journal, January 1987

Planck-scale corrections to axion models
journal, July 1992