Nontrivial Nature and Penetration Depth of Topological Surface States in SmB6 Thin Films

Liu, Tao; Li, Yufan; Gu, Lei; Ding, Junjia; Chang, Houchen; Janantha, P. A. Praveen; Kalinikos, Boris; Novosad, Valentyn; Hoffmann, Axel; Wu, Ruqian; Chien, C. L.; Wu, Mingzhong

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.207206

Title: Nontrivial Nature and Penetration Depth of Topological Surface States in ${SmB}_{6}$ Thin Films

Abstract

The nontrivial feature and penetration depth of the topological surface states (TSS) in SmB₆ were studied via spin pumping. The experiments used SmB₆ thin films grown on the bulk magnetic insulator Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG). Upon the excitation of magnetization precession in the YIG, a spin current is generated in the SmB₆ that produces, via spin--orbit coupling, a lateral electrical voltage in the film. This spin-pumping voltage signal becomes considerably stronger as the temperature decreases from 150 to 10 K, and such an enhancement most likely originates from the spin-momentum locking of the TSS and may thereby serve as evidence for the nontrivial nature of the TSS. The voltage data also show a unique film thickness dependence that suggests a TSS depth of ~32 nm. Finally, the spin--pumping results arc supported by transport measurements and analyses using a tight binding model.

Authors:

Liu, Tao ^[1]; Li, Yufan ^[2]; Gu, Lei ^[3]; Ding, Junjia ^[4]; Chang, Houchen ^[1]; Janantha, P. A. Praveen ^[1]; Kalinikos, Boris ^[5]; Novosad, Valentyn ^[4]; Hoffmann, Axel ^[4]; Wu, Ruqian ^[3]; Chien, C. L. ^[2]; Wu, Mingzhong ^[1]

Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States); St. Petersburg Electrotechnical Univ., St. Petersburg (Russia)

Publication Date:: Fri May 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Spins and Heat in Nanoscale Electronic Systems (SHINES); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States); Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1466390

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1437688; OSTI ID: 1597379

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; SC0009390; SC0012670

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 120; Journal Issue: 20; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats


                    Liu, Tao, Li, Yufan, Gu, Lei, Ding, Junjia, Chang, Houchen, Janantha, P. A. Praveen, Kalinikos, Boris, Novosad, Valentyn, Hoffmann, Axel, Wu, Ruqian, Chien, C. L., and Wu, Mingzhong. Nontrivial Nature and Penetration Depth of Topological Surface States in SmB6 Thin Films.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.207206.

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                    Liu, Tao, Li, Yufan, Gu, Lei, Ding, Junjia, Chang, Houchen, Janantha, P. A. Praveen, Kalinikos, Boris, Novosad, Valentyn, Hoffmann, Axel, Wu, Ruqian, Chien, C. L., & Wu, Mingzhong. Nontrivial Nature and Penetration Depth of Topological Surface States in SmB6 Thin Films.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.207206

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                    Liu, Tao, Li, Yufan, Gu, Lei, Ding, Junjia, Chang, Houchen, Janantha, P. A. Praveen, Kalinikos, Boris, Novosad, Valentyn, Hoffmann, Axel, Wu, Ruqian, Chien, C. L., and Wu, Mingzhong. Fri .  
"Nontrivial Nature and Penetration Depth of Topological Surface States in SmB6 Thin Films".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.207206.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1466390.

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@article{osti_1466390,

  title        = {Nontrivial Nature and Penetration Depth of Topological Surface States in SmB6 Thin Films},

  author       = {Liu, Tao and Li, Yufan and Gu, Lei and Ding, Junjia and Chang, Houchen and Janantha, P. A. Praveen and Kalinikos, Boris and Novosad, Valentyn and Hoffmann, Axel and Wu, Ruqian and Chien, C. L. and Wu, Mingzhong},

  abstractNote = {The nontrivial feature and penetration depth of the topological surface states (TSS) in SmB6 were studied via spin pumping. The experiments used SmB6 thin films grown on the bulk magnetic insulator Y3Fe5O12 (YIG). Upon the excitation of magnetization precession in the YIG, a spin current is generated in the SmB6 that produces, via spin--orbit coupling, a lateral electrical voltage in the film. This spin-pumping voltage signal becomes considerably stronger as the temperature decreases from 150 to 10 K, and such an enhancement most likely originates from the spin-momentum locking of the TSS and may thereby serve as evidence for the nontrivial nature of the TSS. The voltage data also show a unique film thickness dependence that suggests a TSS depth of ~32 nm. Finally, the spin--pumping results arc supported by transport measurements and analyses using a tight binding model.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.207206},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 20,

  volume       = 120,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri May 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Fri May 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1: Spin-pumping experiments. (a-b) Experiment approach. (c-d) Spin-pumping signals measured using opposite fields (H) and an input microwave power P_in=100 mW. The curves show calculated spin-wave frequencies. (e) Signals measured at different P_in, where V_H>0 (V_H<0) is the signal measured at H=400 Oe (H=-400 Oe). The vertical dashed linesmore »

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Works referencing / citing this record:

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Title: Nontrivial Nature and Penetration Depth of Topological Surface States in SmB 6 Thin Films

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Topological Kondo Insulators journal, March 2010

Determination of anisotropy field in polycrystalline lithium ferrites from FMR linewidths journal, March 1982

Surface and bulk electronic structure of the strongly correlated system SmB 6 and implications for a topological Kondo insulator journal, September 2013

Thin films of topological Kondo insulator candidate SmB 6 : Strong spin-orbit torque without exclusive surface conduction journal, January 2018

Two-dimensional Fermi surfaces in Kondo insulator SmB 6 journal, December 2014

Spin-current probe for phase transition in an insulator journal, August 2016

Excitation of propagating magnetization waves by microstrip antennas journal, November 1988

Spin injection and inverse Edelstein effect in the surface states of topological Kondo insulator SmB6 journal, November 2016

Cubic Topological Kondo Insulators journal, November 2013

Spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effects—Insights for future spin-orbitronics (invited) journal, May 2015

One-dimensional edge state transport in a topological Kondo insulator journal, November 2015

Observation of the Superconducting Proximity Effect in the Surface State of SmB 6 Thin Films journal, August 2016

Unconventional Fermi surface in an insulating state journal, July 2015

Observation of quantum-tunnelling-modulated spin texture in ultrathin topological insulator Bi2Se3 films journal, May 2014

Surface electronic structure of the topological Kondo-insulator candidate correlated electron system SmB6 journal, December 2013

Spin textures on general surfaces of the correlated topological insulator SmB 6 journal, May 2016

Simple Model for Semiconductor-Metal Transitions: Sm B 6 and Transition-Metal Oxides journal, May 1969

Kondo insulators journal, June 1996

Correlated Topological Insulators with Mixed Valence journal, February 2013

Weak antilocalization and linear magnetoresistance in the surface state of SmB 6 journal, November 2016

Signature of surface state coupling in thin films of the topological Kondo insulator SmB 6 from anisotropic magnetoresistance journal, February 2017

Quantifying Spin Hall Angles from Spin Pumping: Experiments and Theory journal, January 2010

Tuning Bulk and Surface Conduction in the Proposed Topological Kondo Insulator SmB 6 journal, March 2015

Semi-Epitaxial SmB6 Thin Films Prepared by the Molecular Beam Epitaxy journal, January 2015

SmB 6 : A Promising Candidate for a Topological Insulator journal, December 2011

Low-temperature surface conduction in the Kondo insulator SmB 6 journal, November 2013

Emergence of a Coherent In-Gap State in the SmB 6 Kondo Insulator Revealed by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy journal, March 2014

Topological Kondo Insulators journal, March 2016

Hybridization gap and Fano resonance in SmB 6 journal, March 2014

Conversion of spin current into charge current at room temperature: Inverse spin-Hall effect journal, May 2006

Crossover of the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 to the two-dimensional limit journal, June 2010

Physical Properties of Sm B 6 journal, March 1971

Direct observation of the spin texture in SmB6 as evidence of the topological Kondo insulator journal, July 2014

Large low-temperature Hall effect and resistivity in mixed-valent Sm B 6 journal, December 1979

Surface-dominated conduction up to 240 K in the Kondo insulator SmB6 under strain journal, April 2017

Damping in Yttrium Iron Garnet Nanoscale Films Capped by Platinum journal, September 2013

Kondo Breakdown in Topological Kondo Insulators journal, April 2015

Self-consistent determination of spin Hall angles in selected 5 d metals by thermal spin injection journal, April 2014

Theory of dipole-exchange spin wave spectrum for ferromagnetic films with mixed exchange boundary conditions journal, December 1986

Topological surface state in the Kondo insulator samarium hexaboride journal, March 2014

Ferrite-ferroelectric layered structures for electrically and magnetically tunable microwave resonators journal, January 2006

Surface Hall Effect and Nonlocal Transport in SmB6: Evidence for Surface Conduction journal, November 2013

Magnetic and Semiconducting Properties of Sm B 6 journal, February 1969

Colloquium: Topological insulators journal, November 2010

Spin to Charge Conversion at Room Temperature by Spin Pumping into a New Type of Topological Insulator: α -Sn Films journal, March 2016

The ground-state phase diagram of the one-dimensional Kondo lattice model journal, July 1997

Surface reconstruction in a tight-binding model for the topological Kondo insulator SmB 6 journal, November 2015

Surface quantum states in tellurium journal, December 1971

Inverse spin-Hall effect induced by spin pumping in metallic system journal, May 2011

Correlation between Bulk Thermodynamic Measurements and the Low-Temperature-Resistance Plateau in SmB 6 journal, July 2014

Robust topological surface state in Kondo insulator SmB 6 thin films journal, December 2014

Scaling of Spin Hall Angle in 3d, 4d, and 5d Metals from Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 /Metal Spin Pumping journal, May 2014

Heavy fermion semiconductors journal, May 2000

Theory of topological Kondo insulators journal, January 2012

Significant reduction in spin pumping efficiency in a platinum/yttrium iron garnet bilayer at low temperature journal, April 2016

Surface-State-Dominated Spin-Charge Current Conversion in Topological-Insulator–Ferromagnetic-Insulator Heterostructures journal, August 2016

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and surface quasiparticle interference in models for the strongly correlated topological insulators SmB 6 and PuB 6 journal, November 2014

Radio Frequency Tunable Oscillator Device Based on a SmB 6 Microcrystal journal, April 2016

Interaction Driven Subgap Spin Exciton in the Kondo Insulator SmB 6 journal, January 2015

Observation of possible topological in-gap surface states in the Kondo insulator SmB6 by photoemission journal, December 2013

Room-temperature spin-to-charge conversion in sputtered bismuth selenide thin films via spin pumping from yttrium iron garnet journal, March 2019

Microwave Meissner screening properties of proximity-coupled topological-insulator / superconductor bilayers journal, December 2019

Title: Nontrivial Nature and Penetration Depth of Topological Surface States in ${SmB}_{6}$ Thin Films

Topological Kondo Insulators
journal, March 2010

Determination of anisotropy field in polycrystalline lithium ferrites from FMR linewidths
journal, March 1982

Surface and bulk electronic structure of the strongly correlated system SmB $_{6}$ and implications for a topological Kondo insulator
journal, September 2013

Thin films of topological Kondo insulator candidate SmB ₆ : Strong spin-orbit torque without exclusive surface conduction
journal, January 2018

Two-dimensional Fermi surfaces in Kondo insulator SmB ₆
journal, December 2014

Spin-current probe for phase transition in an insulator
journal, August 2016

Excitation of propagating magnetization waves by microstrip antennas
journal, November 1988

Spin injection and inverse Edelstein effect in the surface states of topological Kondo insulator SmB6
journal, November 2016

Cubic Topological Kondo Insulators
journal, November 2013

Spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effects—Insights for future spin-orbitronics (invited)
journal, May 2015

One-dimensional edge state transport in a topological Kondo insulator
journal, November 2015

Observation of the Superconducting Proximity Effect in the Surface State of ${SmB}_{6}$ Thin Films
journal, August 2016

Unconventional Fermi surface in an insulating state
journal, July 2015

Observation of quantum-tunnelling-modulated spin texture in ultrathin topological insulator Bi2Se3 films
journal, May 2014

Surface electronic structure of the topological Kondo-insulator candidate correlated electron system SmB6
journal, December 2013

Spin textures on general surfaces of the correlated topological insulator ${SmB}_{6}$
journal, May 2016

Simple Model for Semiconductor-Metal Transitions: Sm $B_{6}$ and Transition-Metal Oxides
journal, May 1969

Kondo insulators
journal, June 1996

Correlated Topological Insulators with Mixed Valence
journal, February 2013

Weak antilocalization and linear magnetoresistance in the surface state of ${SmB}_{6}$
journal, November 2016

Signature of surface state coupling in thin films of the topological Kondo insulator ${SmB}_{6}$ from anisotropic magnetoresistance
journal, February 2017

Quantifying Spin Hall Angles from Spin Pumping: Experiments and Theory
journal, January 2010

Tuning Bulk and Surface Conduction in the Proposed Topological Kondo Insulator ${SmB}_{6}$
journal, March 2015

Semi-Epitaxial SmB6 Thin Films Prepared by the Molecular Beam Epitaxy
journal, January 2015

SmB ₆ : A Promising Candidate for a Topological Insulator
journal, December 2011

Low-temperature surface conduction in the Kondo insulator SmB $_{6}$
journal, November 2013

Emergence of a Coherent In-Gap State in the ${SmB}_{6}$ Kondo Insulator Revealed by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy
journal, March 2014

Topological Kondo Insulators
journal, March 2016

Hybridization gap and Fano resonance in SmB ₆
journal, March 2014

Conversion of spin current into charge current at room temperature: Inverse spin-Hall effect
journal, May 2006

Crossover of the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 to the two-dimensional limit
journal, June 2010

Physical Properties of Sm $B_{6}$
journal, March 1971

Direct observation of the spin texture in SmB6 as evidence of the topological Kondo insulator
journal, July 2014

Large low-temperature Hall effect and resistivity in mixed-valent Sm $B_{6}$
journal, December 1979

Surface-dominated conduction up to 240 K in the Kondo insulator SmB6 under strain
journal, April 2017

Damping in Yttrium Iron Garnet Nanoscale Films Capped by Platinum
journal, September 2013

Kondo Breakdown in Topological Kondo Insulators
journal, April 2015

Self-consistent determination of spin Hall angles in selected $5 d$ metals by thermal spin injection
journal, April 2014

Theory of dipole-exchange spin wave spectrum for ferromagnetic films with mixed exchange boundary conditions
journal, December 1986

Topological surface state in the Kondo insulator samarium hexaboride
journal, March 2014

Ferrite-ferroelectric layered structures for electrically and magnetically tunable microwave resonators
journal, January 2006

Surface Hall Effect and Nonlocal Transport in SmB6: Evidence for Surface Conduction
journal, November 2013

Magnetic and Semiconducting Properties of Sm $B_{6}$
journal, February 1969

Colloquium: Topological insulators
journal, November 2010

Spin to Charge Conversion at Room Temperature by Spin Pumping into a New Type of Topological Insulator: $α$ -Sn Films
journal, March 2016

The ground-state phase diagram of the one-dimensional Kondo lattice model
journal, July 1997

Surface reconstruction in a tight-binding model for the topological Kondo insulator SmB ₆
journal, November 2015

Surface quantum states in tellurium
journal, December 1971

Inverse spin-Hall effect induced by spin pumping in metallic system
journal, May 2011

Correlation between Bulk Thermodynamic Measurements and the Low-Temperature-Resistance Plateau in ${SmB}_{6}$
journal, July 2014

Robust topological surface state in Kondo insulator SmB ₆ thin films
journal, December 2014

Scaling of Spin Hall Angle in 3d, 4d, and 5d Metals from $Y_{3} {Fe}_{5} O_{12}$ /Metal Spin Pumping
journal, May 2014

Heavy fermion semiconductors
journal, May 2000

Theory of topological Kondo insulators
journal, January 2012

Significant reduction in spin pumping efficiency in a platinum/yttrium iron garnet bilayer at low temperature
journal, April 2016

Surface-State-Dominated Spin-Charge Current Conversion in Topological-Insulator–Ferromagnetic-Insulator Heterostructures
journal, August 2016

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and surface quasiparticle interference in models for the strongly correlated topological insulators ${SmB}_{6}$ and ${PuB}_{6}$
journal, November 2014

Radio Frequency Tunable Oscillator Device Based on a ${SmB}_{6}$ Microcrystal
journal, April 2016

Interaction Driven Subgap Spin Exciton in the Kondo Insulator ${SmB}_{6}$
journal, January 2015

Observation of possible topological in-gap surface states in the Kondo insulator SmB6 by photoemission
journal, December 2013

Room-temperature spin-to-charge conversion in sputtered bismuth selenide thin films via spin pumping from yttrium iron garnet
journal, March 2019

Microwave Meissner screening properties of proximity-coupled topological-insulator / superconductor bilayers
journal, December 2019