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Title: Kerb and urban increment of highly time-resolved trace elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 winter aerosol in London during ClearfLo 2012

Abstract

Ambient concentrations of trace elements with 2 h time resolution were measured in PM10–2.5, PM2.5–1.0 and PM1.0–0.3 size ranges at kerbside, urban background and rural sites in London during winter 2012. Samples were collected using rotating drum impactors (RDIs) and subsequently analysed with synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR-XRF). Quantification of kerb and urban increments (defined as kerb-to-urban and urban-to-rural concentration ratios, respectively), and assessment of diurnal and weekly variability provided insight into sources governing urban air quality and the effects of urban micro-environments on human exposure. Traffic-related elements yielded the highest kerb increments, with values in the range of 10.4 to 16.6 for SW winds (3.3–6.9 for NE) observed for elements influenced by brake wear (e.g. Cu, Sb, Ba) and 5.7 to 8.2 for SW (2.6–3.0 for NE) for other traffic-related processes (e.g. Cr, Fe, Zn). Kerb increments for these elements were highest in the PM10–2.5 mass fraction, roughly twice that of the PM1.0–0.3 fraction. These elements also showed the highest urban increments (~ 3.0), although no difference was observed between brake wear and other traffic-related elements. All elements influenced by traffic exhibited higher concentrations during morning and evening rush hours, and on weekdays compared to weekends, with themore » strongest trends observed at the kerbside site, and additionally enhanced by winds coming directly from the road, consistent with street canyon effects. Elements related to mineral dust (e.g. Al, Si, Ca, Sr) showed significant influences from traffic-induced resuspension, as evidenced by moderate kerb (3.4–5.4 for SW, 1.7–2.3 for NE) and urban (~ 2) increments and increased concentrations during peak traffic flow. Elements related to regional transport showed no significant enhancement at kerb or urban sites, with the exception of PM10–2.5 sea salt (factor of up to 2), which may be influenced by traffic-induced resuspension of sea and/or road salt. Heavy-duty vehicles appeared to have a larger effect than passenger vehicles on the concentrations of all elements influenced by resuspension (including sea salt) and wearing processes. In conclusion, trace element concentrations in London were influenced by both local and regional sources, with coarse and intermediate fractions dominated by traffic-induced resuspension and wearing processes and fine particles influenced by regional transport.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [7]; ORCiD logo [7];  [8];  [8]; ORCiD logo [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13] more »;  [13];  [14];  [1];  [1] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Paul Scherrer Inst., Villigen (Switzerland). Lab. of Atmospheric Chemistry
  2. Paul Scherrer Inst., Villigen (Switzerland). Lab. of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry
  3. Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland). Swiss Light Source
  4. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). HASYLAB, DESY Photon Science
  5. King’s College London, London (United Kingdom). School of Biomedical Sciences
  6. Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom). School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences
  7. Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom). School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom). National Centre for Atmospheric Science
  8. Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA (United States)
  9. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences
  10. Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
  11. Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
  12. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian (United Kingdom)
  13. Univ. of Reading, Reading (United Kingdom). Dept. of Meteorology
  14. Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom). National Centre for Atmospheric Science; Univ. of Leicester (United Kingdom). Dept. of Chemistry
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Paul Scherrer Inst., Villigen (Switzerland). Lab. of Atmospheric Chemistry; Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1457385
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0006002; 00021_132467/1; NE/H00324X/1; 312284; PX00P2_31673
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 15; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
Publisher:
European Geosciences Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Visser, S., Slowik, J. G., Furger, M., Zotter, P., Bukowiecki, N., Dressler, R., Flechsig, U., Appel, K., Green, D. C., Tremper, A. H., Young, D. E., Williams, P. I., Allan, J. D., Herndon, S. C., Williams, L. R., Mohr, C., Xu, L., Ng, N. L., Detournay, A., Barlow, J. F., Halios, C. H., Fleming, Z. L., Baltensperger, U., and Prevot, A. S. H. Kerb and urban increment of highly time-resolved trace elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 winter aerosol in London during ClearfLo 2012. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.5194/acp-15-2367-2015.
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Visser, S., Slowik, J. G., Furger, M., Zotter, P., Bukowiecki, N., Dressler, R., Flechsig, U., Appel, K., Green, D. C., Tremper, A. H., Young, D. E., Williams, P. I., Allan, J. D., Herndon, S. C., Williams, L. R., Mohr, C., Xu, L., Ng, N. L., Detournay, A., Barlow, J. F., Halios, C. H., Fleming, Z. L., Baltensperger, U., & Prevot, A. S. H. Kerb and urban increment of highly time-resolved trace elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 winter aerosol in London during ClearfLo 2012. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2367-2015
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Visser, S., Slowik, J. G., Furger, M., Zotter, P., Bukowiecki, N., Dressler, R., Flechsig, U., Appel, K., Green, D. C., Tremper, A. H., Young, D. E., Williams, P. I., Allan, J. D., Herndon, S. C., Williams, L. R., Mohr, C., Xu, L., Ng, N. L., Detournay, A., Barlow, J. F., Halios, C. H., Fleming, Z. L., Baltensperger, U., and Prevot, A. S. H. Thu . "Kerb and urban increment of highly time-resolved trace elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 winter aerosol in London during ClearfLo 2012". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2367-2015. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1457385.
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@article{osti_1457385,
title = {Kerb and urban increment of highly time-resolved trace elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 winter aerosol in London during ClearfLo 2012},
author = {Visser, S. and Slowik, J. G. and Furger, M. and Zotter, P. and Bukowiecki, N. and Dressler, R. and Flechsig, U. and Appel, K. and Green, D. C. and Tremper, A. H. and Young, D. E. and Williams, P. I. and Allan, J. D. and Herndon, S. C. and Williams, L. R. and Mohr, C. and Xu, L. and Ng, N. L. and Detournay, A. and Barlow, J. F. and Halios, C. H. and Fleming, Z. L. and Baltensperger, U. and Prevot, A. S. H.},
abstractNote = {Ambient concentrations of trace elements with 2 h time resolution were measured in PM10–2.5, PM2.5–1.0 and PM1.0–0.3 size ranges at kerbside, urban background and rural sites in London during winter 2012. Samples were collected using rotating drum impactors (RDIs) and subsequently analysed with synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR-XRF). Quantification of kerb and urban increments (defined as kerb-to-urban and urban-to-rural concentration ratios, respectively), and assessment of diurnal and weekly variability provided insight into sources governing urban air quality and the effects of urban micro-environments on human exposure. Traffic-related elements yielded the highest kerb increments, with values in the range of 10.4 to 16.6 for SW winds (3.3–6.9 for NE) observed for elements influenced by brake wear (e.g. Cu, Sb, Ba) and 5.7 to 8.2 for SW (2.6–3.0 for NE) for other traffic-related processes (e.g. Cr, Fe, Zn). Kerb increments for these elements were highest in the PM10–2.5 mass fraction, roughly twice that of the PM1.0–0.3 fraction. These elements also showed the highest urban increments (~ 3.0), although no difference was observed between brake wear and other traffic-related elements. All elements influenced by traffic exhibited higher concentrations during morning and evening rush hours, and on weekdays compared to weekends, with the strongest trends observed at the kerbside site, and additionally enhanced by winds coming directly from the road, consistent with street canyon effects. Elements related to mineral dust (e.g. Al, Si, Ca, Sr) showed significant influences from traffic-induced resuspension, as evidenced by moderate kerb (3.4–5.4 for SW, 1.7–2.3 for NE) and urban (~ 2) increments and increased concentrations during peak traffic flow. Elements related to regional transport showed no significant enhancement at kerb or urban sites, with the exception of PM10–2.5 sea salt (factor of up to 2), which may be influenced by traffic-induced resuspension of sea and/or road salt. Heavy-duty vehicles appeared to have a larger effect than passenger vehicles on the concentrations of all elements influenced by resuspension (including sea salt) and wearing processes. In conclusion, trace element concentrations in London were influenced by both local and regional sources, with coarse and intermediate fractions dominated by traffic-induced resuspension and wearing processes and fine particles influenced by regional transport.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-15-2367-2015},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)},
number = 5,
volume = 15,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
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