The Clostridium Sporulation Programs: Diversity and Preservation of Endospore Differentiation
Abstract
Bacillus and Clostridium organisms initiate the sporulation process when unfavorable conditions are detected. The sporulation process is a carefully orchestrated cascade of events at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels involving a multitude of sigma factors, transcription factors, proteases, and phosphatases. Like Bacillus genomes, sequenced Clostridium genomes contain genes for all major sporulation-specific transcription and sigma factors (spo0A, sigH, sigF, sigE, sigG, and sigK) that orchestrate the sporulation program. However, recent studies have shown that there are substantial differences in the sporulation programs between the two genera as well as among different Clostridium species. First, in the absence of a Bacillus-like phosphorelay system, activation of Spo0A in Clostridium organisms is carried out by a number of orphan histidine kinases. Second, downstream of Spo0A, the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of the canonical set of four sporulation-specific sigma factors (σF, σE, σG, and σK) display different patterns, not only compared to Bacillus but also among Clostridium organisms. Finally, recent studies demonstrated that σK, the last sigma factor to be activated according to the Bacillus subtilis model, is involved in the very early stages of sporulation in Clostridium acetobutylicum, C. perfringens, and C. botulinum as well as in the very late stages ofmore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States); Sultan Qaboos Univ., Muscat (Oman)
- Elcriton Inc., New Castle, DE (United States)
- Elcriton Inc., New Castle, DE (United States); Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1454688
- Grant/Contract Number:
- sc0007092
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 79; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1092-2172
- Publisher:
- American Society for Microbiology
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Al-Hinai, Mohab A., Jones, Shawn W., and Papoutsakis, Eleftherios T. The Clostridium Sporulation Programs: Diversity and Preservation of Endospore Differentiation. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00025-14.
Al-Hinai, Mohab A., Jones, Shawn W., & Papoutsakis, Eleftherios T. The Clostridium Sporulation Programs: Diversity and Preservation of Endospore Differentiation. United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00025-14
Al-Hinai, Mohab A., Jones, Shawn W., and Papoutsakis, Eleftherios T. Wed .
"The Clostridium Sporulation Programs: Diversity and Preservation of Endospore Differentiation". United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00025-14. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1454688.
@article{osti_1454688,
title = {The Clostridium Sporulation Programs: Diversity and Preservation of Endospore Differentiation},
author = {Al-Hinai, Mohab A. and Jones, Shawn W. and Papoutsakis, Eleftherios T.},
abstractNote = {Bacillus and Clostridium organisms initiate the sporulation process when unfavorable conditions are detected. The sporulation process is a carefully orchestrated cascade of events at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels involving a multitude of sigma factors, transcription factors, proteases, and phosphatases. Like Bacillus genomes, sequenced Clostridium genomes contain genes for all major sporulation-specific transcription and sigma factors (spo0A, sigH, sigF, sigE, sigG, and sigK) that orchestrate the sporulation program. However, recent studies have shown that there are substantial differences in the sporulation programs between the two genera as well as among different Clostridium species. First, in the absence of a Bacillus-like phosphorelay system, activation of Spo0A in Clostridium organisms is carried out by a number of orphan histidine kinases. Second, downstream of Spo0A, the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of the canonical set of four sporulation-specific sigma factors (σF, σE, σG, and σK) display different patterns, not only compared to Bacillus but also among Clostridium organisms. Finally, recent studies demonstrated that σK, the last sigma factor to be activated according to the Bacillus subtilis model, is involved in the very early stages of sporulation in Clostridium acetobutylicum, C. perfringens, and C. botulinum as well as in the very late stages of spore maturation in C. acetobutylicum. Despite profound differences in initiation, propagation, and orchestration of expression of spore morphogenetic components, these findings demonstrate not only the robustness of the endospore sporulation program but also the plasticity of the program to generate different complex phenotypes, some apparently regulated at the epigenetic level.},
doi = {10.1128/MMBR.00025-14},
journal = {Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews},
number = 1,
volume = 79,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 28 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Wed Jan 28 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
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