A 7.2 keV spherical x-ray crystal backlighter for two-frame, two-color backlighting at Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility

Schollmeier, M. S.; Knapp, P. F.; Ampleford, D. J.; Harding, E. C.; Jennings, C. A.; Lamppa, D. C.; Loisel, G. P.; Martin, M. R.; Robertson, G. K.; Shores, J. E.; Smith, I. C.; Speas, C. S.; Weis, M. R.; Porter, J. L.; McBride, R. D.

doi:10.1063/1.4994566

Title: A 7.2 keV spherical x-ray crystal backlighter for two-frame, two-color backlighting at Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility

Abstract

Many experiments on Sandia National Laboratories’ Z Pulsed Power Facility—a 30 MA, 100 ns rise-time, pulsed-power driver—use a monochromatic quartz crystal backlighter system at 1.865 keV (Si He_α) or 6.151 keV (Mn He_α) x-ray energy to radiograph an imploding liner (cylindrical tube) or wire array z-pinch. The x-ray source is generated by the Z-Beamlet laser, which provides two 527-nm, 1 kJ, 1-ns laser pulses. Radiographs of imploding, thick-walled beryllium liners at convergence ratios C_R above 15 [C_R=r_i(0)/r_i(t)] using the 6.151-keV backlighter system were too opaque to identify the inner radius ri of the liner with high confidence, demonstrating the need for a higher-energy x-ray radiography system. Here, we present a 7.242 keV backlighter system using a Ge(335) spherical crystal with the Co He_α resonance line. This system operates at a similar Bragg angle as the existing 1.865 keV and 6.151 keV backlighters, enhancing our capabilities for two-color, two-frame radiography without modifying the system integration at Z. The first data taken at Z include 6.2-keV and 7.2-keV two-color radiographs as well as radiographs of low-convergence (C_R about 4-5), high-areal-density liner implosions.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Harding, E. C. ^[1]; Jennings, C. A. ^[1]; Lamppa, D. C. ^[1]; Loisel, G. P. ^[1]; Martin, M. R. ^[1]; Robertson, G. K. ^[1]; Shores, J. E. ^[1]; Smith, I. C. ^[1]; Speas, C. S. ^[1];

^[1]; Porter, J. L. ^[1]; McBride, R. D. ^[2]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences Department

Publication Date:: Tue Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1441469

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1398821

Report Number(s):: SAND-2018-4422J
Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748; 662628

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Review of Scientific Instruments

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 88; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; 42 ENGINEERING; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Schollmeier, M. S., Knapp, P. F., Ampleford, D. J., Harding, E. C., Jennings, C. A., Lamppa, D. C., Loisel, G. P., Martin, M. R., Robertson, G. K., Shores, J. E., Smith, I. C., Speas, C. S., Weis, M. R., Porter, J. L., and McBride, R. D. A 7.2 keV spherical x-ray crystal backlighter for two-frame, two-color backlighting at Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.4994566.

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                    Schollmeier, M. S., Knapp, P. F., Ampleford, D. J., Harding, E. C., Jennings, C. A., Lamppa, D. C., Loisel, G. P., Martin, M. R., Robertson, G. K., Shores, J. E., Smith, I. C., Speas, C. S., Weis, M. R., Porter, J. L., & McBride, R. D. A 7.2 keV spherical x-ray crystal backlighter for two-frame, two-color backlighting at Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994566

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                    Schollmeier, M. S., Knapp, P. F., Ampleford, D. J., Harding, E. C., Jennings, C. A., Lamppa, D. C., Loisel, G. P., Martin, M. R., Robertson, G. K., Shores, J. E., Smith, I. C., Speas, C. S., Weis, M. R., Porter, J. L., and McBride, R. D. Tue .  
"A 7.2 keV spherical x-ray crystal backlighter for two-frame, two-color backlighting at Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994566.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1441469.

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@article{osti_1441469,

  title        = {A 7.2 keV spherical x-ray crystal backlighter for two-frame, two-color backlighting at Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility},

  author       = {Schollmeier, M. S. and Knapp, P. F. and Ampleford, D. J. and Harding, E. C. and Jennings, C. A. and Lamppa, D. C. and Loisel, G. P. and Martin, M. R. and Robertson, G. K. and Shores, J. E. and Smith, I. C. and Speas, C. S. and Weis, M. R. and Porter, J. L. and McBride, R. D.},

  abstractNote = {Many experiments on Sandia National Laboratories’ Z Pulsed Power Facility—a 30 MA, 100 ns rise-time, pulsed-power driver—use a monochromatic quartz crystal backlighter system at 1.865 keV (Si Heα) or 6.151 keV (Mn Heα) x-ray energy to radiograph an imploding liner (cylindrical tube) or wire array z-pinch. The x-ray source is generated by the Z-Beamlet laser, which provides two 527-nm, 1 kJ, 1-ns laser pulses. Radiographs of imploding, thick-walled beryllium liners at convergence ratios CR above 15 [CR=ri(0)/ri(t)] using the 6.151-keV backlighter system were too opaque to identify the inner radius ri of the liner with high confidence, demonstrating the need for a higher-energy x-ray radiography system. Here, we present a 7.242 keV backlighter system using a Ge(335) spherical crystal with the Co Heα resonance line. This system operates at a similar Bragg angle as the existing 1.865 keV and 6.151 keV backlighters, enhancing our capabilities for two-color, two-frame radiography without modifying the system integration at Z. The first data taken at Z include 6.2-keV and 7.2-keV two-color radiographs as well as radiographs of low-convergence (CR about 4-5), high-areal-density liner implosions.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.4994566},

  journal      = {Review of Scientific Instruments},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 88,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Tue Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

Enhancement of x-ray yield from the Z-Beamlet laser for monochromatic backlighting by using a prepulse
journal, October 2006

Sinars, D. B.; Bennett, G. R.; Herrmann, M. C.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 77, Issue 10
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Demonstration of thermonuclear conditions in magnetized liner inertial fusion experimentsa)
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Gomez, M. R.; Slutz, S. A.; Sefkow, A. B.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5
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Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field
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Slutz, S. A.; Herrmann, M. C.; Vesey, R. A.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 5
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Monochromatic x-ray imaging experiments on the Sandia National Laboratories Z facility (invited)
journal, October 2004

Sinars, D. B.; Bennett, G. R.; Wenger, D. F.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 10
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Measurements of 4–10 keV x-ray production with the Z-Beamlet laser
journal, March 2003

Ruggles, L. E.; Porter, J. L.; Rambo, P. K.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 74, Issue 3
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Relative x-ray collection efficiency, spatial resolution, and spectral resolution of spherically-bent quartz, mica, germanium, and pyrolytic graphite crystals
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Modified helix-like instability structure on imploding z-pinch liners that are pre-imposed with a uniform axial magnetic field
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Yang, Qingguo; Liu, Dongbing; Mu, Jian
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Bennett, G. R.; Smith, I. C.; Shores, J. E.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 79, Issue 10
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Evaluation of bent-crystal x-ray backlighting and microscopy techniques for the Sandia Z machine
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High-brightness, high-spatial-resolution, 6.151 keV x-ray imaging of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion and complex hydrodynamics experiments on Sandia’s Z accelerator (invited)
journal, October 2006

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Design of magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments using the Z facility
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Sefkow, A. B.; Slutz, S. A.; Koning, J. M.
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Megagauss-level magnetic field production in cm-scale auto-magnetizing helical liners pulsed to 500 kA in 125 ns
journal, May 2018

Shipley, G. A.; Awe, T. J.; Hutsel, B. T.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.5028142

The Crystal Backlighter Imager: A spherically bent crystal imager for radiography on the National Ignition Facility
journal, January 2019

Hall, G. N.; Krauland, C. M.; Schollmeier, M. S.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.5058700

Implosion of auto-magnetizing helical liners on the Z facility
journal, May 2019

Shipley, G. A.; Awe, T. J.; Hutsel, B. T.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.5089468

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Title: A 7.2 keV spherical x-ray crystal backlighter for two-frame, two-color backlighting at Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility

Abstract

Citation Formats

Enhancement of x-ray yield from the Z-Beamlet laser for monochromatic backlighting by using a prepulse journal, October 2006

Demonstration of thermonuclear conditions in magnetized liner inertial fusion experimentsa) journal, May 2015

Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field journal, May 2010

Monochromatic x-ray imaging experiments on the Sandia National Laboratories Z facility (invited) journal, October 2004

Measurements of 4–10 keV x-ray production with the Z-Beamlet laser journal, March 2003

Relative x-ray collection efficiency, spatial resolution, and spectral resolution of spherically-bent quartz, mica, germanium, and pyrolytic graphite crystals journal, September 2014

Systematic search for spherical crystal X-ray microscopes matching 1–25 keV spectral line sources journal, December 2016

Modified helix-like instability structure on imploding z-pinch liners that are pre-imposed with a uniform axial magnetic field journal, May 2014

High-energy x-ray microscopy techniques for laser-fusion plasma research at the National Ignition Facility journal, January 1998

Time-resolved compression of a capsule with a cone to high density for fast-ignition laser fusion journal, December 2014

X-ray backlighting of imploding aluminium liners on PTS facility journal, September 2016

Stability of a Shock-Decelerated Ablation Front journal, August 2009

Soft x-ray backlighting of cryogenic implosions using a narrowband crystal imaging system (invited) journal, November 2014

Sandia's Z-Backlighter Laser Facility conference, December 2016

2–20ns interframe time 2-frame 6.151keV x-ray imaging on the recently upgraded Z Accelerator: A progress report journal, October 2008

Evaluation of bent-crystal x-ray backlighting and microscopy techniques for the Sandia Z machine journal, January 2003

Pulsed-coil magnet systems for applying uniform 10–30 T fields to centimeter-scale targets on Sandia's Z facility journal, December 2014

High-brightness, high-spatial-resolution, 6.151 keV x-ray imaging of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion and complex hydrodynamics experiments on Sandia’s Z accelerator (invited) journal, October 2006

Design of magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments using the Z facility journal, July 2014

XOP v2.4: recent developments of the x-ray optics software toolkit conference, September 2011

Performance of bent-crystal x-ray microscopes for high energy density physics research journal, January 2015

Highly efficient x-ray imaging and backlighting schemes based on spherically bent crystals conference, January 2004

Megagauss-level magnetic field production in cm-scale auto-magnetizing helical liners pulsed to 500 kA in 125 ns journal, May 2018

The Crystal Backlighter Imager: A spherically bent crystal imager for radiography on the National Ignition Facility journal, January 2019

Implosion of auto-magnetizing helical liners on the Z facility journal, May 2019

Enhancement of x-ray yield from the Z-Beamlet laser for monochromatic backlighting by using a prepulse
journal, October 2006

Demonstration of thermonuclear conditions in magnetized liner inertial fusion experimentsa)
journal, May 2015

Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field
journal, May 2010

Monochromatic x-ray imaging experiments on the Sandia National Laboratories Z facility (invited)
journal, October 2004

Measurements of 4–10 keV x-ray production with the Z-Beamlet laser
journal, March 2003

Relative x-ray collection efficiency, spatial resolution, and spectral resolution of spherically-bent quartz, mica, germanium, and pyrolytic graphite crystals
journal, September 2014

Systematic search for spherical crystal X-ray microscopes matching 1–25 keV spectral line sources
journal, December 2016

Modified helix-like instability structure on imploding z-pinch liners that are pre-imposed with a uniform axial magnetic field
journal, May 2014

High-energy x-ray microscopy techniques for laser-fusion plasma research at the National Ignition Facility
journal, January 1998

Time-resolved compression of a capsule with a cone to high density for fast-ignition laser fusion
journal, December 2014

X-ray backlighting of imploding aluminium liners on PTS facility
journal, September 2016

Stability of a Shock-Decelerated Ablation Front
journal, August 2009

Soft x-ray backlighting of cryogenic implosions using a narrowband crystal imaging system (invited)
journal, November 2014

Sandia's Z-Backlighter Laser Facility
conference, December 2016

2–20ns interframe time 2-frame 6.151keV x-ray imaging on the recently upgraded Z Accelerator: A progress report
journal, October 2008

Evaluation of bent-crystal x-ray backlighting and microscopy techniques for the Sandia Z machine
journal, January 2003

Pulsed-coil magnet systems for applying uniform 10–30 T fields to centimeter-scale targets on Sandia's Z facility
journal, December 2014

High-brightness, high-spatial-resolution, 6.151 keV x-ray imaging of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion and complex hydrodynamics experiments on Sandia’s Z accelerator (invited)
journal, October 2006

Design of magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments using the Z facility
journal, July 2014

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Performance of bent-crystal x-ray microscopes for high energy density physics research
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Highly efficient x-ray imaging and backlighting schemes based on spherically bent crystals
conference, January 2004

Megagauss-level magnetic field production in cm-scale auto-magnetizing helical liners pulsed to 500 kA in 125 ns
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