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Title: Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI3

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells have revolutionized the fabrication of solution-processable solar cells. The presence of lead in the devices makes this technology less attractive, and alternative metals in perovskites are being researched as suitable alternatives. We demonstrate a new type of tin-based perovskite absorber that incorporates both ethylenediammonium (en) and formamidinium (FA), forming new materials of the type {en}FASnI3. The three-dimensional ASnI3 structure is stable only with methylammonium, FA, and Cs cations, and the bandgap can be tuned with solid solutions, such as ASnI3-xBrx. We show that en can serve as a new A cation capable of achieving marked increases in the bandgap without the need for solid solutions. The en introduces a new bandgap tuning mechanism that arises from massive Schottky style defects. In addition, incorporation of the en cation in the structure markedly increases the air stability and improves the photoelectric properties of the tin-based perovskite absorbers. Our best-performing {en}FASnI3 solar cell has the highest efficiency of 7.14%, which is achieved for a lead-free perovskite cell, and retains 96% of its initial efficiency after aging over 1000 hours with encapsulation. Our results introduce a new approach for improving the performance and stability of tin-based, lead-free perovskite solar cells.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1425891
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001059
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Science Advances
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 3; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548
Publisher:
AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Ke, Weijun, Stoumpos, Constantinos C., Zhu, Menghua, Mao, Lingling, Spanopoulos, Ioannis, Liu, Jian, Kontsevoi, Oleg Y., Chen, Michelle, Sarma, Debajit, Zhang, Yongbo, Wasielewski, Michael R., and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI3. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701293.
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Ke, Weijun, Stoumpos, Constantinos C., Zhu, Menghua, Mao, Lingling, Spanopoulos, Ioannis, Liu, Jian, Kontsevoi, Oleg Y., Chen, Michelle, Sarma, Debajit, Zhang, Yongbo, Wasielewski, Michael R., & Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI3. United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701293
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Ke, Weijun, Stoumpos, Constantinos C., Zhu, Menghua, Mao, Lingling, Spanopoulos, Ioannis, Liu, Jian, Kontsevoi, Oleg Y., Chen, Michelle, Sarma, Debajit, Zhang, Yongbo, Wasielewski, Michael R., and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Wed . "Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI3". United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701293. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1425891.
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@article{osti_1425891,
title = {Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI3},
author = {Ke, Weijun and Stoumpos, Constantinos C. and Zhu, Menghua and Mao, Lingling and Spanopoulos, Ioannis and Liu, Jian and Kontsevoi, Oleg Y. and Chen, Michelle and Sarma, Debajit and Zhang, Yongbo and Wasielewski, Michael R. and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.},
abstractNote = {Perovskite solar cells have revolutionized the fabrication of solution-processable solar cells. The presence of lead in the devices makes this technology less attractive, and alternative metals in perovskites are being researched as suitable alternatives. We demonstrate a new type of tin-based perovskite absorber that incorporates both ethylenediammonium (en) and formamidinium (FA), forming new materials of the type {en}FASnI3. The three-dimensional ASnI3 structure is stable only with methylammonium, FA, and Cs cations, and the bandgap can be tuned with solid solutions, such as ASnI3-xBrx. We show that en can serve as a new A cation capable of achieving marked increases in the bandgap without the need for solid solutions. The en introduces a new bandgap tuning mechanism that arises from massive Schottky style defects. In addition, incorporation of the en cation in the structure markedly increases the air stability and improves the photoelectric properties of the tin-based perovskite absorbers. Our best-performing {en}FASnI3 solar cell has the highest efficiency of 7.14%, which is achieved for a lead-free perovskite cell, and retains 96% of its initial efficiency after aging over 1000 hours with encapsulation. Our results introduce a new approach for improving the performance and stability of tin-based, lead-free perovskite solar cells.},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1701293},
journal = {Science Advances},
number = 8,
volume = 3,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Aug 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed Aug 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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    • Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 2, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.1039/c7qm00587c

    Probing the structure–property–composition relationship in organic–inorganic tri-halide perovskites
    journal, January 2018

    • Payne, Julia L.; Ni, Chengsheng; Harwell, Jonathon R.
    • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 31
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01871e

    Slow surface passivation and crystal relaxation with additives to improve device performance and durability for tin-based perovskite solar cells
    journal, January 2018

    • Jokar, Efat; Chien, Cheng-Hsun; Fathi, Amir
    • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ee00956b

    Tolerance factors of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites: recent improvements and current state of research
    journal, January 2018

    • Burger, S.; Ehrenreich, M. G.; Kieslich, G.
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 44
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta05794j

    Boosting the performance and stability of quasi-two-dimensional tin-based perovskite solar cells using the formamidinium thiocyanate additive
    journal, January 2018

    • Kim, Hongki; Lee, Yoon Ho; Lyu, Taecheon
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 37
    • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta05916k

    Photovoltaic properties of a triple cation methylammonium/formamidinium/phenylethylammonium tin iodide perovskite
    journal, January 2019

    • Rath, Thomas; Handl, Jasmin; Weber, Stefan
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 16
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta02835h

    Enhanced performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells induced by an ammonium hypophosphite additive
    journal, January 2019

    • Cao, Jiupeng; Tai, Qidong; You, Peng
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 46
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta08679j

    Reducing trap density and carrier concentration by a Ge additive for an efficient quasi 2D/3D perovskite solar cell
    journal, January 2020

    • Ng, Chi Huey; Hamada, Kengo; Kapil, Gaurav
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta11989b

    Impacts of cation ordering on bandgap dispersion of double perovskites
    journal, August 2018

    • Kim, Jongseob; Kim, Hyungjun; Chandran, Mahesh
    • APL Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5027230

    Detection of Rashba spin splitting in 2D organic-inorganic perovskite via precessional carrier spin relaxation
    journal, August 2019

    • Todd, Seth B.; Riley, Drew B.; Binai-Motlagh, Ali
    • APL Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5099352

    Electronic properties of Pb-I deficient lead halide perovskites
    journal, December 2019

    • Zheng, Chao; Rubel, Oleg; Kepenekian, Mikaël
    • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 151, Issue 23
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5127513

    Composition effects on structure and optical properties in double perovskite derivatives semiconductors Cs 2 SnI 6−x Br x (x = 0–6)
    journal, February 2020

    • Yang, Xingming; Wang, Yan; Jiang, Junjie
    • APL Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5133151

    Polymer assist crystallization and passivation for enhancements of open-circuit voltage and stability in tin-halide perovskite solar cells
    journal, October 2018

    • Deng, Liangliang; Wang, Kai; Yang, Hanjun
    • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 47
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aae2ab

    Wide-bandgap, low-bandgap, and tandem perovskite solar cells
    journal, July 2019

    • Song, Zhaoning; Chen, Cong; Li, Chongwen
    • Semiconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 34, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6641/ab27f7

    Lead‐Free Solar Cells based on Tin Halide Perovskite Films with High Coverage and Improved Aggregation
    journal, September 2018

    • Liu, Jiewei; Ozaki, Masashi; Yakumaru, Shinya
    • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 40
    • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808385

    Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Discussions on Terminology and Materials
    journal, October 2019

    A Cation-Exchange Approach for the Fabrication of Efficient Methylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, April 2019

    • Li, Fengzhu; Zhang, Chaoshen; Huang, Jin-Hua
    • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 20
    • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902418

    Electronic properties of Pb-I deficient lead halide perovskites
    text, January 2019

    Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too?
    journal, November 2017

    Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review
    journal, July 2019

    • Kour, Ravinder; Arya, Sandeep; Verma, Sonali
    • Global Challenges, Vol. 3, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201900050

    Prospects for low-toxicity lead-free perovskite solar cells
    journal, February 2019

    Advancement on Lead-Free Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review
    journal, June 2018

    • Sani, Faruk; Shafie, Suhaidi; Lim, Hong
    • Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.3390/ma11061008
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