A complete electrical shock hazard classification system and its application

Gordon, Lloyd; Cartelli, Laura; Graham, Nicole

doi:10.1109/TIA.2018.2803768

Title: A complete electrical shock hazard classification system and its application

Abstract

Current electrical safety standards evolved to address the hazards of 60-Hz power that are faced primarily by electricians, linemen, and others performing facility and utility work. As a result, this leaves a substantial gap in the management of electrical hazards in Research and Development (R&D) and specialized high voltage and high power equipment. We find substantial use of direct current (dc) electrical energy, and the use of capacitors, inductors, batteries, and radiofrequency (RF) power. The electrical hazards of these forms of electricity and their systems are different than for 50/60 Hz power. This paper proposes a method of classifying all of the electrical shock hazards found in all types of R&D and utilization equipment. Examples of the variation of these hazards from NFPA 70E include (a) high voltage can be harmless, if the available current is sufficiently low, (b) low voltage can be harmful if the available current/power is high, (c) high voltage capacitor hazards are unique and include severe reflex action, affects on the heart, and tissue damage, and (d) arc flash hazard analysis for dc and capacitor systems are not provided in existing standards. This work has led to a comprehensive electrical hazard classification system that is basedmore »« less

Authors:

Gordon, Lloyd ^[1]; Cartelli, Laura ^[1]; Graham, Nicole ^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Feb 08 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1422965

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-28094
Journal ID: ISSN 0093-9994

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 54; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0093-9994

Publisher:: IEEE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 42 ENGINEERING; Occupational Safety and Training; electrical safety, electrical injury, electrical hazard classification, electrical safety standards, electrical shock

Citation Formats


                    Gordon, Lloyd, Cartelli, Laura, and Graham, Nicole. A complete electrical shock hazard classification system and its application.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1109/TIA.2018.2803768.

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                    Gordon, Lloyd, Cartelli, Laura, & Graham, Nicole. A complete electrical shock hazard classification system and its application.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2018.2803768

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                    Gordon, Lloyd, Cartelli, Laura, and Graham, Nicole. Thu .  
"A complete electrical shock hazard classification system and its application".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2018.2803768.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1422965.

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@article{osti_1422965,

  title        = {A complete electrical shock hazard classification system and its application},

  author       = {Gordon, Lloyd and Cartelli, Laura and Graham, Nicole},

  abstractNote = {Current electrical safety standards evolved to address the hazards of 60-Hz power that are faced primarily by electricians, linemen, and others performing facility and utility work. As a result, this leaves a substantial gap in the management of electrical hazards in Research and Development (R&D) and specialized high voltage and high power equipment. We find substantial use of direct current (dc) electrical energy, and the use of capacitors, inductors, batteries, and radiofrequency (RF) power. The electrical hazards of these forms of electricity and their systems are different than for 50/60 Hz power. This paper proposes a method of classifying all of the electrical shock hazards found in all types of R&D and utilization equipment. Examples of the variation of these hazards from NFPA 70E include (a) high voltage can be harmless, if the available current is sufficiently low, (b) low voltage can be harmful if the available current/power is high, (c) high voltage capacitor hazards are unique and include severe reflex action, affects on the heart, and tissue damage, and (d) arc flash hazard analysis for dc and capacitor systems are not provided in existing standards. This work has led to a comprehensive electrical hazard classification system that is based on various research conducted over the past 100 years, on analysis of such systems in R&D, and on decades of experience. Lastly, the new comprehensive electrical shock hazard classification system uses a combination of voltage, shock current available, fault current available, power, energy, and waveform to classify all forms of electrical hazards.},

  doi          = {10.1109/TIA.2018.2803768},

  journal      = {IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 54,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Feb 08 00:00:00 EST 2018},

  month        = {Thu Feb 08 00:00:00 EST 2018}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

A Smart Wearable Device for Preventing Indoor Electric Shock Hazards
book, October 2019

Xie, Zaipeng; Liu, Hanxiang; Zhang, Junpeng
Machine Learning and Intelligent Communications: 4th International Conference, MLICOM 2019, Nanjing, China, August 24–25, 2019, Proceedings, p. 293-304
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32388-2_25

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Title: A complete electrical shock hazard classification system and its application

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Citation Formats

A Smart Wearable Device for Preventing Indoor Electric Shock Hazards book, October 2019

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