Plasmoid Instability in Forming Current Sheets
Abstract
The plasmoid instability has revolutionized our understanding of magnetic reconnection in astrophysical environments. By preventing the formation of highly elongated reconnection layers, it is crucial in enabling the rapid energy conversion rates that are characteristic of many astrophysical phenomena. Most previous studies have focused on Sweet–Parker current sheets, which are unattainable in typical astrophysical systems. Here we derive a general set of scaling laws for the plasmoid instability in resistive and visco-resistive current sheets that evolve over time. Our method relies on a principle of least time that enables us to determine the properties of the reconnecting current sheet (aspect ratio and elapsed time) and the plasmoid instability (growth rate, wavenumber, inner layer width) at the end of the linear phase. After this phase the reconnecting current sheet is disrupted and fast reconnection can occur. The scaling laws of the plasmoid instability are not simple power laws, and they depend on the Lundquist number (S), the magnetic Prandtl number (Pm), the noise of the system ($${\psi }_{0}$$), the characteristic rate of current sheet evolution ($$1/\tau $$), and the thinning process. We also demonstrate that previous scalings are inapplicable to the vast majority of astrophysical systems. Furthermore, we explore the implications of the new scaling relations in astrophysical systems such as the solar corona and the interstellar medium. In both of these systems, we show that our scaling laws yield values for the growth rate, wavenumber, and aspect ratio that are much smaller than the Sweet–Parker–based scalings.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[1];
- Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical Sciences and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab.
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1414921
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-09CH11466
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 850; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; ISM: magnetic fields; magnetic reconnection; magnetohydrodynamics; plasmas; stars: coronae; Sun: flares
Citation Formats
Comisso, L., Lingam, M., Huang, Y. -M., and Bhattacharjee, A. Plasmoid Instability in Forming Current Sheets. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9789.
Comisso, L., Lingam, M., Huang, Y. -M., & Bhattacharjee, A. Plasmoid Instability in Forming Current Sheets. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9789
Comisso, L., Lingam, M., Huang, Y. -M., and Bhattacharjee, A. Tue .
"Plasmoid Instability in Forming Current Sheets". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9789. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1414921.
@article{osti_1414921,
title = {Plasmoid Instability in Forming Current Sheets},
author = {Comisso, L. and Lingam, M. and Huang, Y. -M. and Bhattacharjee, A.},
abstractNote = {The plasmoid instability has revolutionized our understanding of magnetic reconnection in astrophysical environments. By preventing the formation of highly elongated reconnection layers, it is crucial in enabling the rapid energy conversion rates that are characteristic of many astrophysical phenomena. Most previous studies have focused on Sweet–Parker current sheets, which are unattainable in typical astrophysical systems. Here we derive a general set of scaling laws for the plasmoid instability in resistive and visco-resistive current sheets that evolve over time. Our method relies on a principle of least time that enables us to determine the properties of the reconnecting current sheet (aspect ratio and elapsed time) and the plasmoid instability (growth rate, wavenumber, inner layer width) at the end of the linear phase. After this phase the reconnecting current sheet is disrupted and fast reconnection can occur. The scaling laws of the plasmoid instability are not simple power laws, and they depend on the Lundquist number (S), the magnetic Prandtl number (Pm), the noise of the system (${\psi }_{0}$), the characteristic rate of current sheet evolution ($1/\tau $), and the thinning process. We also demonstrate that previous scalings are inapplicable to the vast majority of astrophysical systems. Furthermore, we explore the implications of the new scaling relations in astrophysical systems such as the solar corona and the interstellar medium. In both of these systems, we show that our scaling laws yield values for the growth rate, wavenumber, and aspect ratio that are much smaller than the Sweet–Parker–based scalings.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aa9789},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 850,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Nov 28 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Nov 28 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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journal, March 2019
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- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 3
Scalings pertaining to current sheet disruption mediated by the plasmoid instability
journal, September 2019
- Huang, Yi-Min; Comisso, Luca; Bhattacharjee, Amitava
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 9
The plasmoid instability in a confined solar flare
journal, May 2019
- MacTaggart, David; Fletcher, Lyndsay
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 486, Issue 1
Role of the Plasmoid Instability in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
journal, October 2018
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Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Plasmoid-mediated Regime
journal, February 2018
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Stochastic Reconnection for Large Magnetic Prandtl Numbers
journal, June 2018
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Relativistic Plasmoid Instability in Pair Plasmas
journal, September 2019
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The Interplay of Magnetically Dominated Turbulence and Magnetic Reconnection in Producing Nonthermal Particles
journal, November 2019
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- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2
FINMHD: An Adaptive Finite-element Code for Magnetic Reconnection and Formation of Plasmoid Chains in Magnetohydrodynamics
journal, July 2019
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- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 243, Issue 2
A Maximum Entropy Principle for inferring the Distribution of 3D Plasmoids
text, January 2017
- Lingam, Manasvi; Comisso, Luca
- arXiv
Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Plasmoid-Mediated Regime
text, January 2018
- Comisso, L.; Huang, Y. -M.; Lingam, M.
- arXiv
Role of the Plasmoid Instability in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
text, January 2018
- Dong, Chuanfei; Wang, Liang; Huang, Yi-Min
- arXiv
Wavelet Methods for Studying the Onset of Strong Plasma Turbulence
text, January 2018
- Le, Ari; Roytershteyn, Vadim; Karimabadi, Homa
- arXiv
Scalings Pertaining to Current Sheet Disruption Mediated by the Plasmoid Instability
text, January 2019
- Huang, Yi-Min; Comisso, Luca; Bhattacharjee, Amitava
- arXiv
Onset of magnetic reconnection in a collisionless, high- plasma
journal, February 2019
- Alt, Andrew; Kunz, Matthew W.
- Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 1
MHD turbulence: a biased review
journal, October 2022
- Schekochihin, Alexander A.
- Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 5
Formation of plasmoid chains and fast magnetic reconnection during nonlinear evolution of the tilt instability
preprint, January 2020
- Baty, Hubert
- arXiv
On the growth rate of plasmoid chains during nonlinear viscoresistive evolution of the tilt instability
preprint, January 2020
- Baty, Hubert
- arXiv
Petschek-type reconnection in the high-Lundquist-number regime during nonlinear evolution on the tilt instability
preprint, January 2020
- Baty, Hubert
- arXiv