Switchable photovoltaic windows enabled by reversible photothermal complex dissociation from methylammonium lead iodide
Abstract
Materials with switchable absorption properties have been widely used for smart window applications to reduce energy consumption and enhance occupant comfort in buildings. In this work, we combine the benefits of smart windows with energy conversion by producing a photovoltaic device with a switchable absorber layer that dynamically responds to sunlight. Upon illumination, photothermal heating switches the absorber layer - composed of a metal halide perovskite-methylamine complex - from a transparent state (68% visible transmittance) to an absorbing, photovoltaic colored state (less than 3% visible transmittance) due to dissociation of methylamine. After cooling, the methylamine complex is re-formed, returning the absorber layer to the transparent state in which the device acts as a window to visible light. The thermodynamics of switching and performance of the device are described. In conclusion, this work validates a photovoltaic window technology that circumvents the fundamental tradeoff between efficient solar conversion and high visible light transmittance that limits conventional semitransparent PV window designs.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1]
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), NREL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1413185
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5900-68407
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Communications
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; energy harvesting; solar cells; photovoltaic materials
Citation Formats
Wheeler, Lance M., Moore, David T., Ihly, Rachelle, Stanton, Noah J., Miller, Elisa M., Tenent, Robert C., Blackburn, Jeffrey L., and Neale, Nathan R. Switchable photovoltaic windows enabled by reversible photothermal complex dissociation from methylammonium lead iodide. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01842-4.
Wheeler, Lance M., Moore, David T., Ihly, Rachelle, Stanton, Noah J., Miller, Elisa M., Tenent, Robert C., Blackburn, Jeffrey L., & Neale, Nathan R. Switchable photovoltaic windows enabled by reversible photothermal complex dissociation from methylammonium lead iodide. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01842-4
Wheeler, Lance M., Moore, David T., Ihly, Rachelle, Stanton, Noah J., Miller, Elisa M., Tenent, Robert C., Blackburn, Jeffrey L., and Neale, Nathan R. Thu .
"Switchable photovoltaic windows enabled by reversible photothermal complex dissociation from methylammonium lead iodide". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01842-4. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1413185.
@article{osti_1413185,
title = {Switchable photovoltaic windows enabled by reversible photothermal complex dissociation from methylammonium lead iodide},
author = {Wheeler, Lance M. and Moore, David T. and Ihly, Rachelle and Stanton, Noah J. and Miller, Elisa M. and Tenent, Robert C. and Blackburn, Jeffrey L. and Neale, Nathan R.},
abstractNote = {Materials with switchable absorption properties have been widely used for smart window applications to reduce energy consumption and enhance occupant comfort in buildings. In this work, we combine the benefits of smart windows with energy conversion by producing a photovoltaic device with a switchable absorber layer that dynamically responds to sunlight. Upon illumination, photothermal heating switches the absorber layer - composed of a metal halide perovskite-methylamine complex - from a transparent state (68% visible transmittance) to an absorbing, photovoltaic colored state (less than 3% visible transmittance) due to dissociation of methylamine. After cooling, the methylamine complex is re-formed, returning the absorber layer to the transparent state in which the device acts as a window to visible light. The thermodynamics of switching and performance of the device are described. In conclusion, this work validates a photovoltaic window technology that circumvents the fundamental tradeoff between efficient solar conversion and high visible light transmittance that limits conventional semitransparent PV window designs.},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-017-01842-4},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = 1,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Thu Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 78 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials
journal, June 2013
- Nicolosi, V.; Chhowalla, M.; Kanatzidis, M. G.
- Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6139, p. 1226419
Direct Observation of Reversible Transformation of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and NH 4 PbI 3 Induced by Polar Gaseous Molecules
journal, November 2016
- Huang, Weixin; Manser, Joseph S.; Sadhu, Subha
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 24
Transformative Evolution of Organolead Triiodide Perovskite Thin Films from Strong Room-Temperature Solid–Gas Interaction between HPbI 3 -CH 3 NH 2 Precursor Pair
journal, January 2016
- Pang, Shuping; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Wang, Zaiwei
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 3
Reversible Hydration of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 in Films, Single Crystals, and Solar Cells
journal, April 2015
- Leguy, Aurélien M. A.; Hu, Yinghong; Campoy-Quiles, Mariano
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 9
Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Flexibility
journal, January 2014
- You, Jingbi; Hong, Ziruo; Yang, Yang (Michael)
- ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Thin-Film Transformation of NH 4 PbI 3 to CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite: A Methylamine-Induced Conversion-Healing Process
journal, October 2016
- Zong, Yingxia; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Ju, Minggang
- Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 128, Issue 47
Controlled doping of phthalocyanine layers by cosublimation with acceptor molecules: A systematic Seebeck and conductivity study
journal, November 1998
- Pfeiffer, M.; Beyer, A.; Fritz, T.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 73, Issue 22
Polymer-Free Carbon Nanotube Thermoelectrics with Improved Charge Carrier Transport and Power Factor
journal, November 2016
- Norton-Baker, Brenna; Ihly, Rachelle; Gould, Isaac E.
- ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 6
Controllable Perovskite Crystallization at a Gas–Solid Interface for Hole Conductor-Free Solar Cells with Steady Power Conversion Efficiency over 10%
journal, November 2014
- Hao, Feng; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Liu, Zhao
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 46
The interaction between hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite and selective contacts in perovskite solar cells: an infrared spectroscopy study
journal, January 2016
- Idígoras, J.; Todinova, A.; Sánchez-Valencia, J. R.
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 19
Ligand-Stabilized Reduced-Dimensionality Perovskites
journal, February 2016
- Quan, Li Na; Yuan, Mingjian; Comin, Riccardo
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 8
Metal halide perovskites for energy applications
journal, May 2016
- Zhang, Wei; Eperon, Giles E.; Snaith, Henry J.
- Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 6
Removable and Recyclable Conjugated Polymers for Highly Selective and High-Yield Dispersion and Release of Low-Cost Carbon Nanotubes
journal, January 2016
- Lei, Ting; Chen, Xiyuan; Pitner, Gregory
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 3, p. 802-805
Optical bleaching of perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 through room-temperature phase transformation induced by ammonia
journal, January 2014
- Zhao, Yixin; Zhu, Kai
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 50, Issue 13
Efficiency Limits and Color of Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells for Application in Building-Integrated Photovoltaics
journal, July 2015
- Forberich, Karen; Guo, Fei; Bronnbauer, Carina
- Energy Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 10
Thermodynamic properties of lithium chloride ammonia complexes for application inahigh-lifthigh temperature chemical heat pump
journal, October 2006
- Bevers, E. R. T.; van Ekeren, P. J.; Haije, W. G.
- Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 86, Issue 3
Quantitative Framework for Evaluating Semitransparent Photovoltaic Windows
journal, July 2016
- Treml, Benjamin E.; Hanrath, Tobias
- ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 2
A Transparent Conductive Adhesive Laminate Electrode for High-Efficiency Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, September 2014
- Bryant, Daniel; Greenwood, Peter; Troughton, Joel
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 44
Exploring Thermochromic Behavior of Hydrated Hybrid Perovskites in Solar Cells
journal, July 2015
- Halder, Ansuman; Choudhury, Devika; Ghosh, Soham
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 16
Conducting Polymer as Transparent Electric Glue
journal, August 2006
- Ouyang, J.; Yang, Y.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 16
Semi-transparent polymer solar cells with 6% PCE, 25% average visible transmittance and a color rendering index close to 100 for power generating window applications
journal, January 2012
- Chen, Kung-Shih; Salinas, José-Francisco; Yip, Hin-Lap
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11
Thermochromic Properties of Double-Doped VO 2 Thin Films Prepared by a Wet Coating Method Using Polyvanadate-Based Sols Containing W and Mo or W and Ti
journal, March 2001
- Takahashi, Ikuya; Hibino, Mitsuhiro; Kudo, Tetsuichi
- Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 40, Issue Part 1, No. 3A
Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2014
- Jeon, Nam Joong; Noh, Jun Hong; Kim, Young Chan
- Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 9, p. 897-903
Design rules for the broad application of fast (<1 s) methylamine vapor based, hybrid perovskite post deposition treatments
journal, January 2016
- Zhao, Ting; Williams, Spencer T.; Chueh, Chu-Chen
- RSC Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 33
A low viscosity, low boiling point, clean solvent system for the rapid crystallisation of highly specular perovskite films
journal, January 2017
- Noel, Nakita K.; Habisreutinger, Severin N.; Wenger, Bernard
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Thermochemical energy storage and conversion: A-state-of-the-art review of the experimental research under practical conditions
journal, September 2012
- Cot-Gores, Jaume; Castell, Albert; Cabeza, Luisa F.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, Issue 7
Intercalated Organic−Inorganic Perovskites Stabilized by Fluoroaryl−Aryl Interactions
journal, April 2002
- Mitzi, David B.; Medeiros, David R.; Malenfant, Patrick R. L.
- Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 41, Issue 8
Hydrothermal synthesis of organometal halide perovskites for Li-ion batteries
journal, January 2015
- Xia, Hua-Rong; Sun, Wen-Tao; Peng, Lian-Mao
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 51, Issue 72
Between the Sheets: Postsynthetic Transformations in Hybrid Perovskites
journal, February 2017
- Smith, Ian C.; Smith, Matthew D.; Jaffe, Adam
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 5
Perovskites by Design: A Toolbox of Solid-State Reactions
journal, April 2002
- Schaak, Raymond E.; Mallouk, Thomas E.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 4, p. 1455-1471
High-Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with 10% Power Conversion Efficiency and 25% Average Visible Transmittance Based on Transparent CuSCN as the Hole-Transporting Material
journal, July 2015
- Jung, Jae Woong; Chueh, Chu-Chen; Jen, Alex K. -Y.
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 17
Ultrasmooth, Large-Area, High-Uniformity, Conductive Transparent Single-Walled-Carbon-Nanotube Films for Photovoltaics Produced by Ultrasonic Spraying
journal, August 2009
- Tenent, Robert C.; Barnes, Teresa M.; Bergeson, Jeremy D.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 31
Alkylammonium lead halides. Part 1. Isolated PbI 6 4− ions in (CH 3 NH 3 ) 4 PbI 6 •2H 2 O
journal, May 1987
- Vincent, Beverly R.; Robertson, Katherine N.; Cameron, T. Stanley
- Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 65, Issue 5
Pairing of near-ultraviolet solar cells with electrochromic windows for smart management of the solar spectrum
journal, June 2017
- Davy, Nicholas C.; Sezen-Edmonds, Melda; Gao, Jia
- Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 8
Methylamine-Gas-Induced Defect-Healing Behavior of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, June 2015
- Zhou, Zhongmin; Wang, Zaiwei; Zhou, Yuanyuan
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 33
Transformation of the Excited State and Photovoltaic Efficiency of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite upon Controlled Exposure to Humidified Air
journal, January 2015
- Christians, Jeffrey A.; Miranda Herrera, Pierre A.; Kamat, Prashant V.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 4
A model for reversible solid-gas reactions submitted to temperature and pressure constraints: simulation of the rate of reaction in solid-gas reactor used as chemical heat pump
journal, December 1992
- Goetz, V.; Marty, A.
- Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 47, Issue 17-18
Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites as a Highly Stable Hole Collection Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, September 2014
- Habisreutinger, Severin N.; Leijtens, Tomas; Eperon, Giles E.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 10, p. 5561-5568
An empirical study of a full-scale polymer thermochromic window and its implications on material science development objectives
journal, September 2013
- Lee, Eleanor S.; Pang, Xiufeng; Hoffmann, Sabine
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 116
Dopant-Free Planar n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells with Steady-State Efficiencies Exceeding 18%
journal, February 2017
- Habisreutinger, Severin N.; Wenger, Bernard; Snaith, Henry J.
- ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Methylamine-Gas-Induced Defect-Healing Behavior of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, June 2015
- Zhou, Zhongmin; Wang, Zaiwei; Zhou, Yuanyuan
- Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 127, Issue 33
Conducting Polymer as Transparent Electric Glue
journal, August 2006
- Ouyang, J.; Yang, Y.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 16
Ultrasmooth, Large-Area, High-Uniformity, Conductive Transparent Single-Walled-Carbon-Nanotube Films for Photovoltaics Produced by Ultrasonic Spraying
journal, August 2009
- Tenent, Robert C.; Barnes, Teresa M.; Bergeson, Jeremy D.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 31
Methylamine-Gas-Induced Defect-Healing Behavior of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, June 2015
- Zhou, Zhongmin; Wang, Zaiwei; Zhou, Yuanyuan
- Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 127, Issue 33
Thin-Film Transformation of NH 4 PbI 3 to CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite: A Methylamine-Induced Conversion-Healing Process
journal, October 2016
- Zong, Yingxia; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Ju, Minggang
- Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 128, Issue 47
Thermochemical energy storage and conversion: A-state-of-the-art review of the experimental research under practical conditions
journal, September 2012
- Cot-Gores, Jaume; Castell, Albert; Cabeza, Luisa F.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, Issue 7
Mechanism of ionic conduction and electrochemical intercalation of lithium into the perovskite lanthanum lithium titanate
journal, October 1996
- Bohnke, O.
- Solid State Ionics, Vol. 91, Issue 1-2
Between the Sheets: Postsynthetic Transformations in Hybrid Perovskites
journal, February 2017
- Smith, Ian C.; Smith, Matthew D.; Jaffe, Adam
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 5
Direct Observation of Reversible Transformation of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and NH 4 PbI 3 Induced by Polar Gaseous Molecules
journal, November 2016
- Huang, Weixin; Manser, Joseph S.; Sadhu, Subha
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 24
Quantitative Framework for Evaluating Semitransparent Photovoltaic Windows
journal, July 2016
- Treml, Benjamin E.; Hanrath, Tobias
- ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 2
Polymer-Free Carbon Nanotube Thermoelectrics with Improved Charge Carrier Transport and Power Factor
journal, November 2016
- Norton-Baker, Brenna; Ihly, Rachelle; Gould, Isaac E.
- ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 6
Intercalated Organic−Inorganic Perovskites Stabilized by Fluoroaryl−Aryl Interactions
journal, April 2002
- Mitzi, David B.; Medeiros, David R.; Malenfant, Patrick R. L.
- Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 41, Issue 8
Controllable Perovskite Crystallization at a Gas–Solid Interface for Hole Conductor-Free Solar Cells with Steady Power Conversion Efficiency over 10%
journal, November 2014
- Hao, Feng; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Liu, Zhao
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 46
Transformation of the Excited State and Photovoltaic Efficiency of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite upon Controlled Exposure to Humidified Air
journal, January 2015
- Christians, Jeffrey A.; Miranda Herrera, Pierre A.; Kamat, Prashant V.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 4
Ligand-Stabilized Reduced-Dimensionality Perovskites
journal, February 2016
- Quan, Li Na; Yuan, Mingjian; Comin, Riccardo
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 8
Transformative Evolution of Organolead Triiodide Perovskite Thin Films from Strong Room-Temperature Solid–Gas Interaction between HPbI 3 -CH 3 NH 2 Precursor Pair
journal, January 2016
- Pang, Shuping; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Wang, Zaiwei
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 3
Removable and Recyclable Conjugated Polymers for Highly Selective and High-Yield Dispersion and Release of Low-Cost Carbon Nanotubes
journal, January 2016
- Lei, Ting; Chen, Xiyuan; Pitner, Gregory
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 3, p. 802-805
Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Flexibility
journal, January 2014
- You, Jingbi; Hong, Ziruo; Yang, Yang (Michael)
- ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Pairing of near-ultraviolet solar cells with electrochromic windows for smart management of the solar spectrum
journal, June 2017
- Davy, Nicholas C.; Sezen-Edmonds, Melda; Gao, Jia
- Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 8
Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2014
- Jeon, Nam Joong; Noh, Jun Hong; Kim, Young Chan
- Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 9, p. 897-903
Semi-transparent polymer solar cells with 6% PCE, 25% average visible transmittance and a color rendering index close to 100 for power generating window applications
journal, January 2012
- Chen, Kung-Shih; Salinas, José-Francisco; Yip, Hin-Lap
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11
Controlled doping of phthalocyanine layers by cosublimation with acceptor molecules: A systematic Seebeck and conductivity study
journal, November 1998
- Pfeiffer, M.; Beyer, A.; Fritz, T.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 73, Issue 22
Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials
journal, June 2013
- Nicolosi, V.; Chhowalla, M.; Kanatzidis, M. G.
- Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6139, p. 1226419
Alkylammonium lead halides. Part 1. Isolated PbI 6 4− ions in (CH 3 NH 3 ) 4 PbI 6 •2H 2 O
journal, May 1987
- Vincent, Beverly R.; Robertson, Katherine N.; Cameron, T. Stanley
- Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 65, Issue 5
Works referencing / citing this record:
Responsive Smart Windows from Nanoparticle–Polymer Composites
journal, June 2019
- Kim, Hye‐Na; Yang, Shu
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 2
Rich Chemistry in Inorganic Halide Perovskite Nanostructures
journal, September 2018
- Huang, Jianmei; Lai, Minliang; Lin, Jia
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 48
Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells: From Materials and Devices to Applications
journal, August 2019
- Shi, Biao; Duan, Linrui; Zhao, Ying
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 3
Stimuli‐Responsive Optical Nanomaterials
journal, February 2019
- Li, Zhiwei; Yin, Yadong
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 15
High‐Efficiency and Reliable Smart Photovoltaic Windows Enabled by Multiresponsive Liquid Crystal Composite Films and Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, July 2019
- Xia, Yu; Liang, Xiao; Jiang, Yun
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 33
Structural Evolution During Perovskite Crystal Formation and Degradation: In Situ and Operando X‐Ray Diffraction Studies
journal, November 2019
- Mundt, Laura E.; Schelhas, Laura T.
- Advanced Energy Materials
In Situ/Operando X‐ray Spectroscopies for Advanced Investigation of Energy Materials
journal, June 2018
- Dong, Chung‐Li; Vayssieres, Lionel
- Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 69
On-device lead sequestration for perovskite solar cells
journal, February 2020
- Li, Xun; Zhang, Fei; He, Haiying
- Nature, Vol. 578, Issue 7796
Diameter dependent transparency changes of nanorod-based large-area flexible smart window devices
journal, January 2018
- Ren, Fuqiang; Huang, Shengyun; Yang, Fan
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 47
Two-Dimensional Absorbers for Solar Windows: A Simulation
journal, August 2019
- Lattyak, Colleen; Steenhoff, Volker; Gehrke, Kai
- Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, Vol. 74, Issue 8
Recent Developments in Solar Energy-Harvesting Technologies for Building Integration and Distributed Energy Generation
journal, March 2019
- Vasiliev, Mikhail; Nur-E-Alam, Mohammad; Alameh, Kamal
- Energies, Vol. 12, Issue 6