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Title: The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera

Abstract

Here, we present the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) discovery of the optical counterpart of the first binary neutron star merger detected through gravitational-wave emission, GW170817. Our observations commenced 10.5 hr post-merger, as soon as the localization region became accessible from Chile. We imaged 70 deg2 in the i and z bands, covering 93% of the initial integrated localization probability, to a depth necessary to identify likely optical counterparts (e.g., a kilonova). At 11.4 hr post-merger we detected a bright optical transient located $$10\buildrel{\prime\prime}\over{.} 6$$ from the nucleus of NGC 4993 at redshift z = 0.0098, consistent (for $${H}_{0}=70$$ km s–1 Mpc–1) with the distance of 40 ± 8 Mpc reported by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration (LVC). At detection the transient had magnitudes of $i=17.3$ and $z=17.4$, and thus an absolute magnitude of $${M}_{i}=-15.7$$, in the luminosity range expected for a kilonova. We identified 1500 potential transient candidates. Applying simple selection criteria aimed at rejecting background events such as supernovae, we find the transient associated with NGC 4993 as the only remaining plausible counterpart, and reject chance coincidence at the 99.5% confidence level. We therefore conclude that the optical counterpart we have identified near NGC 4993 is associated with GW170817. This discovery ushers in the era of multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves and demonstrates the power of DECam to identify the optical counterparts of gravitational-wave sources.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Contributing Org.:
The Dark Energy Survey and The Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1408100
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1418148; OSTI ID: 1421834; OSTI ID: 1422481; OSTI ID: 1422966; OSTI ID: 1602503
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-17-454-AE-CD-PPD; arXiv:1710.05459; LA-UR-17-29523
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213; TRN: US1702930
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725; AC52-06NA25396; SC0011726
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online); Journal Volume: 848; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; binaries: close; catalogs; gravitational waves; stars: neutron; surveys; 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats

Soares-Santos, M., Holz, D. E., Annis, J., Chornock, R., Herner, K., Berger, E., Brout, D., Chen, H. -Y., Kessler, R., Sako, M., Allam, S., Tucker, D. L., Butler, R. E., Palmese, A., Doctor, Z., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Yanny, B., Lin, H., Scolnic, D., Cowperthwaite, P., Neilsen, E., Marriner, J., Kuropatkin, N., Hartley, W. G., Paz-Chinchón, F., Alexander, K. D., Balbinot, E., Blanchard, P., Brown, D. A., Carlin, J. L., Conselice, C., Cook, E. R., Drlica-Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Durret, F., Eftekhari, T., Farr, B., Finley, D. A., Foley, R. J., Fong, W., Fryer, C. L., García-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. .. S., Gruendl, R. A., Hanna, C., Kasen, D., Li, T. S., Lopes, P. A. A., Lourenço, A. C. C., Margutti, R., Marshall, J. L., Matheson, T., Medina, G. E., Metzger, B. D., Muñoz, R. R., Muir, J., Nicholl, M., Quataert, E., Rest, A., Sauseda, M., Schlegel, D. J., Secco, L. F., Sobreira, F., Stebbins, A., Villar, V. A., Vivas, K., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Banerji, M., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Davis, C., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., McMahon, R. G., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Vikram, V., Wechsler, R. H., and Weller, J. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa9059.
Soares-Santos, M., Holz, D. E., Annis, J., Chornock, R., Herner, K., Berger, E., Brout, D., Chen, H. -Y., Kessler, R., Sako, M., Allam, S., Tucker, D. L., Butler, R. E., Palmese, A., Doctor, Z., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Yanny, B., Lin, H., Scolnic, D., Cowperthwaite, P., Neilsen, E., Marriner, J., Kuropatkin, N., Hartley, W. G., Paz-Chinchón, F., Alexander, K. D., Balbinot, E., Blanchard, P., Brown, D. A., Carlin, J. L., Conselice, C., Cook, E. R., Drlica-Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Durret, F., Eftekhari, T., Farr, B., Finley, D. A., Foley, R. J., Fong, W., Fryer, C. L., García-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. .. S., Gruendl, R. A., Hanna, C., Kasen, D., Li, T. S., Lopes, P. A. A., Lourenço, A. C. C., Margutti, R., Marshall, J. L., Matheson, T., Medina, G. E., Metzger, B. D., Muñoz, R. R., Muir, J., Nicholl, M., Quataert, E., Rest, A., Sauseda, M., Schlegel, D. J., Secco, L. F., Sobreira, F., Stebbins, A., Villar, V. A., Vivas, K., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Banerji, M., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Davis, C., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., McMahon, R. G., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Vikram, V., Wechsler, R. H., & Weller, J. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9059
Soares-Santos, M., Holz, D. E., Annis, J., Chornock, R., Herner, K., Berger, E., Brout, D., Chen, H. -Y., Kessler, R., Sako, M., Allam, S., Tucker, D. L., Butler, R. E., Palmese, A., Doctor, Z., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Yanny, B., Lin, H., Scolnic, D., Cowperthwaite, P., Neilsen, E., Marriner, J., Kuropatkin, N., Hartley, W. G., Paz-Chinchón, F., Alexander, K. D., Balbinot, E., Blanchard, P., Brown, D. A., Carlin, J. L., Conselice, C., Cook, E. R., Drlica-Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Durret, F., Eftekhari, T., Farr, B., Finley, D. A., Foley, R. J., Fong, W., Fryer, C. L., García-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. .. S., Gruendl, R. A., Hanna, C., Kasen, D., Li, T. S., Lopes, P. A. A., Lourenço, A. C. C., Margutti, R., Marshall, J. L., Matheson, T., Medina, G. E., Metzger, B. D., Muñoz, R. R., Muir, J., Nicholl, M., Quataert, E., Rest, A., Sauseda, M., Schlegel, D. J., Secco, L. F., Sobreira, F., Stebbins, A., Villar, V. A., Vivas, K., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Banerji, M., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Davis, C., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., McMahon, R. G., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Vikram, V., Wechsler, R. H., and Weller, J. Mon . "The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9059. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1408100.
@article{osti_1408100,
title = {The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera},
author = {Soares-Santos, M. and Holz, D. E. and Annis, J. and Chornock, R. and Herner, K. and Berger, E. and Brout, D. and Chen, H. -Y. and Kessler, R. and Sako, M. and Allam, S. and Tucker, D. L. and Butler, R. E. and Palmese, A. and Doctor, Z. and Diehl, H. T. and Frieman, J. and Yanny, B. and Lin, H. and Scolnic, D. and Cowperthwaite, P. and Neilsen, E. and Marriner, J. and Kuropatkin, N. and Hartley, W. G. and Paz-Chinchón, F. and Alexander, K. D. and Balbinot, E. and Blanchard, P. and Brown, D. A. and Carlin, J. L. and Conselice, C. and Cook, E. R. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Drout, M. R. and Durret, F. and Eftekhari, T. and Farr, B. and Finley, D. A. and Foley, R. J. and Fong, W. and Fryer, C. L. and García-Bellido, J. and Gill, M. S. .. S. and Gruendl, R. A. and Hanna, C. and Kasen, D. and Li, T. S. and Lopes, P. A. A. and Lourenço, A. C. C. and Margutti, R. and Marshall, J. L. and Matheson, T. and Medina, G. E. and Metzger, B. D. and Muñoz, R. R. and Muir, J. and Nicholl, M. and Quataert, E. and Rest, A. and Sauseda, M. and Schlegel, D. J. and Secco, L. F. and Sobreira, F. and Stebbins, A. and Villar, V. A. and Vivas, K. and Walker, A. R. and Wester, W. and Williams, P. K. G. and Zenteno, A. and Zhang, Y. and Abbott, T. M. C. and Abdalla, F. B. and Banerji, M. and Bechtol, K. and Benoit-Lévy, A. and Bertin, E. and Brooks, D. and Buckley-Geer, E. and Burke, D. L. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Castander, F. J. and Crocce, M. and Cunha, C. E. and D’Andrea, C. B. and Costa, L. N. da and Davis, C. and Desai, S. and Dietrich, J. P. and Doel, P. and Eifler, T. F. and Fernandez, E. and Flaugher, B. and Fosalba, P. and Gaztanaga, E. and Gerdes, D. W. and Giannantonio, T. and Goldstein, D. A. and Gruen, D. and Gschwend, J. and Gutierrez, G. and Honscheid, K. and Jain, B. and James, D. J. and Jeltema, T. and Johnson, M. W. G. and Johnson, M. D. and Kent, S. and Krause, E. and Kron, R. and Kuehn, K. and Kuhlmann, S. and Lahav, O. and Lima, M. and Maia, M. A. G. and March, M. and McMahon, R. G. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Mohr, J. J. and Nichol, R. C. and Nord, B. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Petravick, D. and Plazas, A. A. and Romer, A. K. and Roodman, A. and Rykoff, E. S. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schubnell, M. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, M. and Smith, R. C. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. E. C. and Tarle, G. and Thomas, D. and Thomas, R. C. and Troxel, M. A. and Vikram, V. and Wechsler, R. H. and Weller, J.},
abstractNote = {Here, we present the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) discovery of the optical counterpart of the first binary neutron star merger detected through gravitational-wave emission, GW170817. Our observations commenced 10.5 hr post-merger, as soon as the localization region became accessible from Chile. We imaged 70 deg2 in the i and z bands, covering 93% of the initial integrated localization probability, to a depth necessary to identify likely optical counterparts (e.g., a kilonova). At 11.4 hr post-merger we detected a bright optical transient located $10\buildrel{\prime\prime}\over{.} 6$ from the nucleus of NGC 4993 at redshift z = 0.0098, consistent (for ${H}_{0}=70$ km s–1 Mpc–1) with the distance of 40 ± 8 Mpc reported by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration (LVC). At detection the transient had magnitudes of $i=17.3$ and $z=17.4$, and thus an absolute magnitude of ${M}_{i}=-15.7$, in the luminosity range expected for a kilonova. We identified 1500 potential transient candidates. Applying simple selection criteria aimed at rejecting background events such as supernovae, we find the transient associated with NGC 4993 as the only remaining plausible counterpart, and reject chance coincidence at the 99.5% confidence level. We therefore conclude that the optical counterpart we have identified near NGC 4993 is associated with GW170817. This discovery ushers in the era of multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves and demonstrates the power of DECam to identify the optical counterparts of gravitational-wave sources.},
doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/aa9059},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 848,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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  • Mapelli, Michela; Giacobbo, Nicola; Toffano, Mattia
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2663

The impact of electron-capture supernovae on merging double neutron stars
journal, October 2018

  • Giacobbo, Nicola; Mapelli, Michela
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2848

Host galaxies of merging compact objects: mass, star formation rate, metallicity, and colours
journal, May 2019

  • Artale, M. Celeste; Mapelli, Michela; Giacobbo, Nicola
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1382

Jet structure in the afterglow phase for gamma-ray bursts with a precessing jet
journal, June 2019

  • Huang, Bao-Quan; Lin, Da-Bin; Liu, Tong
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1426

Detectability of neutron star merger afterglows
journal, July 2019

  • Gottlieb, Ore; Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1906

Probing the extragalactic fast transient sky at minute time-scales with DECam
journal, December 2019

  • Andreoni, I.; Cooke, J.; Webb, S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 491, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz3381

Implications of the search for optical counterparts during the first six months of the Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run: possible limits on the ejecta mass and binary properties
journal, December 2019

  • Coughlin, Michael W.; Dietrich, Tim; Antier, Sarah
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz3457

Imprints of r-process heating on fall-back accretion: distinguishing black hole–neutron star from double neutron star mergers
journal, March 2019

  • Desai, D.; Metzger, B. D.; Foucart, F.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz644

Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey for an optical counterpart of GW170817‡
journal, February 2018

  • Tominaga, Nozomu; Tanaka, Masaomi; Morokuma, Tomoki
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psy007

Are fast radio bursts the most likely electromagnetic counterpart of neutron star mergers resulting in prompt collapse?
journal, August 2019


GW170817 --the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: Implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process
journal, November 2019


A Magnetar Origin for the Kilonova Ejecta in GW170817
journal, March 2018

  • Metzger, Brian D.; Thompson, Todd A.; Quataert, Eliot
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aab095

An Empirical Study of Contamination in Deep, Rapid, and Wide-field Optical Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Events
journal, April 2018


Shock Acceleration of Electrons and Synchrotron Emission from the Dynamical Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers
journal, May 2018

  • Lee, Shiu-Hang; Maeda, Keiichi; Kawanaka, Norita
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabaea

Three-dimensional GRMHD Simulations of Neutrino-cooled Accretion Disks from Neutron Star Mergers
journal, May 2018


Mass Ejection from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Viscous-radiation Hydrodynamics Study
journal, June 2018

  • Fujibayashi, Sho; Kiuchi, Kenta; Nishimura, Nobuya
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 860, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabafd

Coincident Detection Significance in Multimessenger Astronomy
journal, June 2018


Numerical Simulations of the Jet Dynamics and Synchrotron Radiation of Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB 170817A
journal, August 2018

  • Xie, Xiaoyi; Zrake, Jonathan; MacFadyen, Andrew
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aacf9c

On GW170817 and the Galactic Binary Neutron Star Population
journal, October 2018


Jet Dynamics in Compact Object Mergers: GW170817 Likely Had a Successful Jet
journal, October 2018

  • Duffell, Paul C.; Quataert, Eliot; Kasen, Daniel
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae084

Low-frequency View of GW170817/GRB 170817A with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
journal, October 2018

  • Resmi, L.; Schulze, S.; Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae1a6

From γ to Radio: The Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817
journal, October 2018


Scattered Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational Waves and Implications of GW170817 and GRB 170817A
journal, October 2018

  • Kisaka, Shota; Ioka, Kunihito; Kashiyama, Kazumi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae30a

Optimized Radio Follow-up of Binary Neutron-star Mergers
journal, November 2018


First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Photometric Pipeline and Light-curve Data Release
journal, March 2019


Radioactive Heating and Late Time Kilonova Light Curves
journal, May 2019


Optical Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Events during the Second Advanced LIGO/VIRGO Observing Run with the DLT40 Survey
journal, April 2019

  • Yang, Sheng; Sand, David J.; Valenti, Stefano
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e06

Late-time Kilonova Light Curves and Implications to GW170817
journal, June 2019


Impact of Pulsar and Fallback Sources on Multifrequency Kilonova Models
journal, July 2019

  • Wollaeger, Ryan T.; Fryer, Chris L.; Fontes, Christopher J.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab25f5

Double Neutron Star Mergers from Hierarchical Triple-star Systems
journal, September 2019


Extended Calculations of Energy Levels and Transition Rates of Nd ii-iv Ions for Application to Neutron Star Mergers
journal, February 2019

  • Gaigalas, Gediminas; Kato, Daiji; Rynkun, Pavel
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 240, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aaf9b8

ν bhlight : Radiation GRMHD for Neutrino-driven Accretion Flows
journal, April 2019

  • Miller, Jonah M.; Ryan, Ben. R.; Dolence, Joshua C.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 241, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab09fc

INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817
journal, October 2017


Improved Constraints on H 0 from a Combined Analysis of Gravitational-wave and Electromagnetic Emission from GW170817
journal, December 2017


GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations
journal, January 2018

  • Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Zappa, Francesco
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa402

Brightening X-Ray Emission from GW170817/GRB 170817A: Further Evidence for an Outflow
journal, January 2018

  • Ruan, John J.; Nynka, Melania; Haggard, Daryl
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 853, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa4f3

A Precise Distance to the Host Galaxy of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Using Surface Brightness Fluctuations
journal, February 2018

  • Cantiello, Michele; Jensen, J. B.; Blakeslee, J. P.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaad64

The Binary Neutron Star Event LIGO/Virgo GW170817 160 Days after Merger: Synchrotron Emission across the Electromagnetic Spectrum
journal, March 2018


Continued Brightening of the Afterglow of GW170817/GRB 170817A as Being Due to a Delayed Energy Injection
journal, May 2018


Observational Implications of Lowering the LIGO-Virgo Alert Threshold
journal, July 2018

  • Lynch, Ryan; Coughlin, Michael; Vitale, Salvatore
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aacf9f

Radio Sky Maps of the GRB 170817A Afterglow from Simulations
journal, September 2018

  • Zrake, Jonathan; Xie, Xiaoyi; MacFadyen, Andrew
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaddf8

A Strong Jet Signature in the Late-time Light Curve of GW170817
journal, November 2018


A Standard Siren Measurement of the Hubble Constant from GW170817 without the Electromagnetic Counterpart
journal, January 2019

  • Fishbach, M.; Gray, R.; Hernandez, I. Magaña
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaf96e

Implications from GW170817 for Δ-isobar Admixed Hypernuclear Compact Stars
journal, April 2019


Measuring the Delay Time Distribution of Binary Neutron Stars. I. Through Scaling Relations of the Host Galaxies of Gravitational-wave Events
journal, June 2019


Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational-wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR
journal, July 2019

  • Hosseinzadeh, G.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Gomez, S.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab271c

GROWTH on S190426c: Real-time Search for a Counterpart to the Probable Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger using an Automated Difference Imaging Pipeline for DECam
journal, August 2019

  • Goldstein, Daniel A.; Andreoni, Igor; Nugent, Peter E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3046

GROWTH on S190510g: DECam Observation Planning and Follow-up of a Distant Binary Neutron Star Merger Candidate
journal, August 2019

  • Andreoni, Igor; Goldstein, Daniel A.; Anand, Shreya
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3399

Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred from the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
journal, September 2019


The Optical Afterglow of GW170817: An Off-axis Structured Jet and Deep Constraints on a Globular Cluster Origin
journal, September 2019

  • Fong, W.; Blanchard, P. K.; Alexander, K. D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d9e

Upscattered Cocoon Emission in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as High-energy Gamma-Ray Counterparts to Gravitational Waves
journal, December 2019

  • Kimura, Shigeo S.; Murase, Kohta; Ioka, Kunihito
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab59e1

Kilonovae
journal, December 2019


The X-shooter GRB afterglow legacy sample (XS-GRB)
journal, March 2019


Neutron star pulse profile observations as extreme gravity probes
journal, August 2019


A Strategy for LSST to Unveil a Population of Kilonovae without Gravitational-wave Triggers
journal, May 2019

  • Andreoni, Igor; Anand, Shreya; Bianco, Federica B.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 1000
  • DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/ab1531

RAPID: Early Classification of Explosive Transients Using Deep Learning
journal, September 2019

  • Muthukrishna, Daniel; Narayan, Gautham; Mandel, Kaisey S.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 1005
  • DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/ab1609

Rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey
journal, August 2018

  • Pursiainen, M.; Childress, M.; Smith, M.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2309

Implications of the radio and X-ray emission that followed GW170817
journal, April 2018

  • Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty952

Merging black holes in young star clusters
journal, May 2019

  • Di Carlo, Ugo N.; Giacobbo, Nicola; Mapelli, Michela
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1453

Observable features of GW170817 kilonova afterglow
journal, June 2019

  • Kathirgamaraju, Adithan; Giannios, Dimitrios; Beniamini, Paz
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1564

The host galaxies of double compact objects across cosmic time
journal, September 2019

  • Toffano, Mattia; Mapelli, Michela; Giacobbo, Nicola
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2415

Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger
journal, October 2017


On the Progenitor of Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
other, January 2017

  • Abbott, B. P.; Al., Et
  • Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
  • DOI: 10.15488/2584

Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA
text, January 2020

  • Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.57867

Background-limited Imaging in the Near Infrared with Warm InGaAs Sensors: Applications for Time-domain Astronomy
journal, January 2019

  • Simcoe, Robert A.; Fűrész, Gábor; Sullivan, Peter W.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aae094

A Long-lived Remnant Neutron Star after GW170817 Inferred from Its Associated Kilonova
journal, July 2018


Super-knee Cosmic Rays from Galactic Neutron Star Merger Remnants
journal, October 2018

  • Kimura, Shigeo S.; Murase, Kohta; Mészáros, Peter
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aadc0a

Kilonova Emission from Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers: Observational Signatures of Anisotropic Mass Ejection
journal, October 2018

  • Huang, Zhi-Qiu; Liu, Liang-Duan; Wang, Xiang-Yu
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae093

Finding the Remnants of the Milky Way's Last Neutron Star Mergers
journal, July 2019

  • Wu, Meng-Ru; Banerjee, Projjwal; Metzger, Brian D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2593

Jet–Cocoon Outflows from Neutron Star Mergers: Structure, Light Curves, and Fundamental Physics
journal, August 2019


A Pulsar Wind Nebula Embedded in the Kilonova AT 2017gfo Associated with GW170817/GRB 170817A
journal, October 2019


LIGO/Virgo Sources from Merging Black Holes in Ultradwarf Galaxies
journal, February 2020

  • Conselice, Christopher J.; Bhatawdekar, Rachana; Palmese, Antonella
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 890, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab5dad

Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817
journal, December 2017


A Turnover in the Radio Light Curve of GW170817
journal, May 2018

  • Dobie, Dougal; Kaplan, David L.; Murphy, Tara
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aac105

Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Observations of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
journal, July 2018

  • Villar, V. A.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Berger, E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad281

A Search for Optical Emission from Binary Black Hole Merger GW170814 with the Dark Energy Camera
journal, March 2019


The Reliability of the Low-latency Estimation of Binary Neutron Star Chirp Mass
journal, October 2019

  • Biscoveanu, Sylvia; Vitale, Salvatore; Haster, Carl-Johan
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab479e

On the Possibility of GW190425 Being a Black Hole–Neutron Star Binary Merger
journal, February 2020

  • Kyutoku, Koutarou; Fujibayashi, Sho; Hayashi, Kota
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 890, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab6e70

An interacting dark sector and the implications of the first gravitational-wave standard siren detection on current constraints
journal, May 2019

  • Mifsud, Jurgen; van de Bruck, Carsten
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1293

Serendipitous discoveries of kilonovae in the LSST main survey: maximizing detections of sub-threshold gravitational wave events
journal, February 2019

  • Setzer, Christian N.; Biswas, Rahul; Peiris, Hiranya V.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz506

Is the Macronova in GW170817 Powered by the Central Engine?
journal, July 2018

  • Matsumoto, Tatsuya; Ioka, Kunihito; Kisaka, Shota
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a8

Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Nucleosynthesis
journal, December 2018

  • Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Hotokezaka, Kenta
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf054

LSST Target-of-opportunity Observations of Gravitational-wave Events: Essential and Efficient
journal, March 2019

  • Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Villar, V. A.; Scolnic, D. M.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab07b6

On the Progenitor of Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
journal, December 2017


Fading of the X-Ray Afterglow of Neutron Star Merger GW170817/GRB 170817A at 260 Days
journal, July 2018

  • Nynka, Melania; Ruan, John J.; Haggard, Daryl
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad32d

Observations of GW170817 by DESGW and the DECam GW-EM Collaboration
journal, October 2017


The Rapid Reddening and Featureless Optical Spectra of the Optical Counterpart of GW170817, AT 2017gfo, during the First Four Days
journal, October 2017

  • McCully, Curtis; Hiramatsu, Daichi; Howell, D. Andrew
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9111

Models and Simulations for the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC)
journal, July 2019

  • Kessler, R.; Narayan, G.; Avelino, A.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 1003
  • DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/ab26f1

Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA
other, January 2020

  • Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
  • Heidelberg : Springer
  • DOI: 10.15488/10565

A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant.
text, January 2017

  • Collaboration, LIGO Scientific; Collaboration,, 1m2h; Collaboration, Dark Energy Camera GW-EM
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.31821

RAPID: Early Classification of Explosive Transients Using Deep Learning
text, January 2019

  • Muthukrishna, Daniel; Narayan, Gautham; Mandel, Kaisey
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.41375

On the Progenitor of Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
text, January 2017


Optical emission from a kilonova following a gravitational-wave-detected neutron-star merger
text, January 2017


A long-lived remnant neutron star after GW170817 inferred from its associated kilonova
text, January 2017


Mass Ejection from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Viscous-Radiation Hydrodynamics Study
text, January 2017


A magnetar origin for the kilonova ejecta in GW170817
text, January 2018


Progenitors of gravitational wave mergers: Binary evolution with the stellar grid-based code ComBinE
text, January 2018


Rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey
text, January 2018


Long-lived Remnants from Binary Neutron Star Mergers
text, January 2018


Fading of the X-ray Afterglow of Neutron Star Merger GW170817/GRB170817A at 260 days
text, January 2018


Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Observations of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
text, January 2018


Numerical Relativity of Compact Binaries in the 21st Century
text, January 2018


Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts and Nucleosynthesis
text, January 2018


RAPID: Early Classification of Explosive Transients using Deep Learning
text, January 2019


Impact of Pulsar and Fallback Sources on Multifrequency Kilonova Models
text, January 2019


Jet Structure in the Afterglow Phase for Gamma-ray Bursts with a Precessing Jet
text, January 2019


Full Transport Model of GW170817-Like Disk Produces a Blue Kilonova
text, January 2019


The host galaxies of double compact objects across cosmic time
text, January 2019


On the possibility of GW190425 being a black hole--neutron star binary merger
text, January 2020