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Title: Confined dense circumstellar material surrounding a regular type II supernova

Abstract

With the advent of new wide-field, high-cadence optical transient surveys, our understanding of the diversity of core-collapse supernovae has grown tremendously in the last decade. However, the pre-supernova evolution of massive stars, which sets the physical backdrop to these violent events, is theoretically not well understood and difficult to probe observationally. Here we report the discovery of the supernova iPTF 13dqy= SN 2013fsa mere 1/43 h after explosion. Our rapid follow-up observations, which include multiwavelength photometry and extremely early (beginning at 1/46 h post-explosion) spectra, map the distribution of material in the immediate environment ( ‰210 15 cm) of the exploding star and establish that it was surrounded by circumstellar material (CSM) that was ejected during the final 1/41 yr prior to explosion at a high rate, around 10 '3 solar masses per year. The complete disappearance of flash-ionized emission lines within the first several days requires that the dense CSM be confined to within ‰210 15 cm, consistent with radio non-detections at 70-100 days. The observations indicate that iPTF 13dqy was a regular type II supernova; thus, the finding that the probable red supergiant progenitor of this common explosion ejected material at a highly elevated rate just prior tomore » its demise suggests that pre-supernova instabilities may be common among exploding massive stars.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1];  [3];  [4];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [1];  [1];  [7];  [6];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [10];  [5];  [1];  [1] more »;  [11];  [5];  [4];  [11];  [12];  [11];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [5];  [16]; ORCiD logo [17];  [1] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
  2. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Inst.
  3. Trinity College Dublin (Ireland)
  4. Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel). Racah Inst. of Physics
  5. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  6. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)
  7. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel); Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC), Yavne (Israel). Soreq Nuclear Research Centre (Soreq NRC)
  8. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  9. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  10. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Las Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA (United States)
  11. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  12. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  13. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), La Canada Flintridge, CA (United States)
  14. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  15. Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico). Inst. de Astronomia
  16. Queen's Univ., Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
  17. Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1406199
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1436152
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-15-25982
Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473; TRN: US1703254
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 13; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Astronomy and Astrophysics

Citation Formats

Yaron, O., Perley, D. A., Gal-Yam, A., Groh, J. H., Horesh, A., Ofek, E. O., Kulkarni, S. R., Sollerman, J., Fransson, C., Rubin, A., Szabo, P., Sapir, N., Taddia, F., Cenko, S. B., Valenti, S., Arcavi, I., Howell, D. A., Kasliwal, M. M., Vreeswijk, P. M., Khazov, D., Fox, O. D., Cao, Y., Gnat, O., Kelly, P. L., Nugent, P. E., Filippenko, A. V., Laher, R. R., Wozniak, P. R., Lee, W. H., Rebbapragada, U. D., Maguire, K., Sullivan, M., and Soumagnac, M. T. Confined dense circumstellar material surrounding a regular type II supernova. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1038/nphys4025.
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Yaron, O., Perley, D. A., Gal-Yam, A., Groh, J. H., Horesh, A., Ofek, E. O., Kulkarni, S. R., Sollerman, J., Fransson, C., Rubin, A., Szabo, P., Sapir, N., Taddia, F., Cenko, S. B., Valenti, S., Arcavi, I., Howell, D. A., Kasliwal, M. M., Vreeswijk, P. M., Khazov, D., Fox, O. D., Cao, Y., Gnat, O., Kelly, P. L., Nugent, P. E., Filippenko, A. V., Laher, R. R., Wozniak, P. R., Lee, W. H., Rebbapragada, U. D., Maguire, K., Sullivan, M., & Soumagnac, M. T. Confined dense circumstellar material surrounding a regular type II supernova. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4025
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Yaron, O., Perley, D. A., Gal-Yam, A., Groh, J. H., Horesh, A., Ofek, E. O., Kulkarni, S. R., Sollerman, J., Fransson, C., Rubin, A., Szabo, P., Sapir, N., Taddia, F., Cenko, S. B., Valenti, S., Arcavi, I., Howell, D. A., Kasliwal, M. M., Vreeswijk, P. M., Khazov, D., Fox, O. D., Cao, Y., Gnat, O., Kelly, P. L., Nugent, P. E., Filippenko, A. V., Laher, R. R., Wozniak, P. R., Lee, W. H., Rebbapragada, U. D., Maguire, K., Sullivan, M., and Soumagnac, M. T. Mon . "Confined dense circumstellar material surrounding a regular type II supernova". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4025. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1406199.
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@article{osti_1406199,
title = {Confined dense circumstellar material surrounding a regular type II supernova},
author = {Yaron, O. and Perley, D. A. and Gal-Yam, A. and Groh, J. H. and Horesh, A. and Ofek, E. O. and Kulkarni, S. R. and Sollerman, J. and Fransson, C. and Rubin, A. and Szabo, P. and Sapir, N. and Taddia, F. and Cenko, S. B. and Valenti, S. and Arcavi, I. and Howell, D. A. and Kasliwal, M. M. and Vreeswijk, P. M. and Khazov, D. and Fox, O. D. and Cao, Y. and Gnat, O. and Kelly, P. L. and Nugent, P. E. and Filippenko, A. V. and Laher, R. R. and Wozniak, P. R. and Lee, W. H. and Rebbapragada, U. D. and Maguire, K. and Sullivan, M. and Soumagnac, M. T.},
abstractNote = {With the advent of new wide-field, high-cadence optical transient surveys, our understanding of the diversity of core-collapse supernovae has grown tremendously in the last decade. However, the pre-supernova evolution of massive stars, which sets the physical backdrop to these violent events, is theoretically not well understood and difficult to probe observationally. Here we report the discovery of the supernova iPTF 13dqy= SN 2013fsa mere 1/43 h after explosion. Our rapid follow-up observations, which include multiwavelength photometry and extremely early (beginning at 1/46 h post-explosion) spectra, map the distribution of material in the immediate environment ( ‰210 15 cm) of the exploding star and establish that it was surrounded by circumstellar material (CSM) that was ejected during the final 1/41 yr prior to explosion at a high rate, around 10 '3 solar masses per year. The complete disappearance of flash-ionized emission lines within the first several days requires that the dense CSM be confined to within ‰210 15 cm, consistent with radio non-detections at 70-100 days. The observations indicate that iPTF 13dqy was a regular type II supernova; thus, the finding that the probable red supergiant progenitor of this common explosion ejected material at a highly elevated rate just prior to its demise suggests that pre-supernova instabilities may be common among exploding massive stars.},
doi = {10.1038/nphys4025},
journal = {Nature Physics},
number = 5,
volume = 13,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 13 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Mon Feb 13 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aab9a6

    The Low-luminosity Type IIP Supernova 2016bkv with Early-phase Circumstellar Interaction
    journal, May 2018

    • Nakaoka, Tatsuya; Kawabata, Koji S.; Maeda, Keiichi
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabee7

    Short-lived Circumstellar Interaction in the Low-luminosity Type IIP SN 2016bkv
    journal, July 2018

    • Hosseinzadeh, Griffin; Valenti, Stefano; McCully, Curtis
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aac5f6

    Observations of SN 2017ein Reveal Shock Breakout Emission and a Massive Progenitor Star for a Type Ic Supernova
    journal, January 2019

    Supernova PTF 12glz: A Possible Shock Breakout Driven through an Aspherical Wind
    journal, February 2019

    • Soumagnac, Maayane T.; Ofek, Eran O.; Gal-yam, Avishay
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aafe84

    Transient High-energy Gamma-Rays and Neutrinos from Nearby Type II Supernovae
    journal, February 2019

    Supernova 2017eaw: Molecule and Dust Formation from Infrared Observations
    journal, March 2019

    • Tinyanont, Samaporn; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Krafton, Kelsie
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0897

    The Type II-P Supernova 2017eaw: From Explosion to the Nebular Phase
    journal, April 2019

    • Szalai, Tamás; Vinkó, József; Könyves-Tóth, Réka
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab12d0

    Constraining Massive Star Activities in the Final Years through Properties of Supernovae and Their Progenitors
    journal, May 2019

    KSP-SN-2016kf: A Long-rising H-rich Type II Supernova with Unusually High 56 Ni Mass Discovered in the KMTNet Supernova Program
    journal, August 2019

    • Afsariardchi, Niloufar; Moon, Dae-Sik; Drout, Maria R.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2be6

    A Simple Analysis of Type I Superluminous Supernova Peak Spectra: Composition, Expansion Velocities, and Dynamics
    journal, September 2019

    HSC16aayt: A Slowly Evolving Interacting Transient Rising for More than 100 Days
    journal, September 2019

    • Moriya, Takashi J.; Tanaka, Masaomi; Morokuma, Tomoki
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f80

    A Rapidly Declining Transient Discovered with the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
    journal, October 2019

    • Tominaga, Nozomu; Morokuma, Tomoki; Tanaka, Masaomi
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab425c

    Type IIP Supernova Progenitors and Their Explodability. I. Convective Overshoot, Blue Loops, and Surface Composition
    journal, November 2019

    Carnegie Supernova Project-II: Near-infrared Spectroscopic Diversity of Type II Supernovae
    journal, December 2019

    Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient
    journal, December 2019

    • Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Goldstein, Daniel A.; Schulze, Steve
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab55ec

    Supernova Ejecta Interacting with a Circumstellar Disk. I. Two-dimensional Radiation-hydrodynamic Simulations
    journal, December 2019

    • Suzuki, Akihiro; Moriya, Takashi J.; Takiwaki, Tomoya
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab5a83

    Signatures of circumstellar interaction in the Type IIL supernova ASASSN-15oz
    journal, February 2019

    • Bostroem, K. Azalee; Valenti, Stefano; Horesh, Assaf
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz570

    The Early Detection and Follow-up of the Highly Obscured Type II Supernova 2016ija/DLT16am
    text, January 2018

    • Della, Valle, M.
    • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
    • DOI: 10.17615/r6xr-8a21

    Relativistic Supernova Ejecta Colliding with a Circumstellar Medium: An Application to the Low-luminosity GRB 171205A
    journal, January 2019

    • Suzuki, Akihiro; Maeda, Keiichi; Shigeyama, Toshikazu
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaef85

    Constraining Massive Star Activities in the Final Years through Properties of Supernovae and Their Progenitors
    conference, March 2020

    • Ouchi, Ryoma; Maeda, Keiichi
    • Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG15)
    • DOI: 10.7566/jpscp.31.011048

    Mass discrepancy analysis for a select sample of Type II-Plateau supernovae
    text, January 2019

    On the nature of Hydrogen-rich Superluminous Supernovae
    text, January 2016

    The Carnegie Supernova Project I: photometry data release of low-redshift stripped-envelope supernovae
    text, January 2017

    iPTF Survey for Cool Transients
    text, January 2017

    Short-Lived Circumstellar Interaction in the Low-Luminosity Type IIP SN 2016bkv
    text, January 2018

    Observed Type II supernova colours from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I
    text, January 2018

    Common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) impostors resulting from a neutron star companion
    text, January 2018

    SN 2016esw: a luminous Type II supernova observed within the first day after the explosion
    text, January 2018

    The Physics of Flash (Supernova) Spectroscopy
    text, January 2018

    The delay of shock breakout due to circumstellar material seen in most Type II Supernovae
    text, January 2018

    The Spectrum of a Fast Shock Breakout from a Stellar Wind
    text, January 2018

    Supernova 2017eaw: molecule and dust formation from infrared observations
    text, January 2019

    HSC16aayt: Slowly evolving interacting transient rising for more than 100 days
    text, January 2019

    A rapidly declining transient discovered with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
    text, January 2019

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