Prompt enhancement of the Earth's outer radiation belt due to substorm electron injections
Abstract
Here, we present multipoint simultaneous observations of the near-Earth magnetotail and outer radiation belt during the substorm electron injection event on 16 August 2013. Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms A in the near-Earth magnetotail observed flux-enhanced electrons of 300 keV during the magnetic field dipolarization. Geosynchronous orbit satellites also observed the intensive electron injections. Located in the outer radiation belt, RBSP-A observed enhancements of MeV electrons accompanied by substorm dipolarization. The phase space density (PSD) of MeV electrons at L* ~5.4 increased by 1 order of magnitude in 1 h, resulting in a local PSD peak of MeV electrons, which was caused by the direct effect of substorm injections. We also detected an enhanced MeV electrons in the heart of the outer radiation belt within 2 h, which may be associated with intensive substorm electron injections and subsequent local acceleration by chorus waves. Multipoint observations have shown that substorm electron injections not only can be the external source of MeV electrons at the outer edge of the outer radiation belt (L* ~5.4) but also can provide the intensive seed populations in the outer radiation belt. These initial higher-energy electrons from injection can reach relativistic energy muchmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[4];
[5];
[2];
[3];
[6];
[7]
- Shandong Univ., Weihai (China). Inst. of Space Sciences
- Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Space Science Center, Dept. of Physics
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Univ. of Science adn Technology of China, Hefei (China). Dept. of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Lab. for Atmospheric and Space Research
- Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). School of Physics and Astronomy
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1402590
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-15-27235
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380; TRN: US1702996
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 121; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Heliospheric and Magnetospheric Physics
Citation Formats
Tang, C. L., Zhang, J. -C., Reeves, G. D., Su, Z. P., Baker, D. N., Spence, H. E., Funsten, H. O., Blake, J. B., and Wygant, J. R. Prompt enhancement of the Earth's outer radiation belt due to substorm electron injections. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1002/2016JA023550.
Tang, C. L., Zhang, J. -C., Reeves, G. D., Su, Z. P., Baker, D. N., Spence, H. E., Funsten, H. O., Blake, J. B., & Wygant, J. R. Prompt enhancement of the Earth's outer radiation belt due to substorm electron injections. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023550
Tang, C. L., Zhang, J. -C., Reeves, G. D., Su, Z. P., Baker, D. N., Spence, H. E., Funsten, H. O., Blake, J. B., and Wygant, J. R. Sat .
"Prompt enhancement of the Earth's outer radiation belt due to substorm electron injections". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023550. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1402590.
@article{osti_1402590,
title = {Prompt enhancement of the Earth's outer radiation belt due to substorm electron injections},
author = {Tang, C. L. and Zhang, J. -C. and Reeves, G. D. and Su, Z. P. and Baker, D. N. and Spence, H. E. and Funsten, H. O. and Blake, J. B. and Wygant, J. R.},
abstractNote = {Here, we present multipoint simultaneous observations of the near-Earth magnetotail and outer radiation belt during the substorm electron injection event on 16 August 2013. Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms A in the near-Earth magnetotail observed flux-enhanced electrons of 300 keV during the magnetic field dipolarization. Geosynchronous orbit satellites also observed the intensive electron injections. Located in the outer radiation belt, RBSP-A observed enhancements of MeV electrons accompanied by substorm dipolarization. The phase space density (PSD) of MeV electrons at L* ~5.4 increased by 1 order of magnitude in 1 h, resulting in a local PSD peak of MeV electrons, which was caused by the direct effect of substorm injections. We also detected an enhanced MeV electrons in the heart of the outer radiation belt within 2 h, which may be associated with intensive substorm electron injections and subsequent local acceleration by chorus waves. Multipoint observations have shown that substorm electron injections not only can be the external source of MeV electrons at the outer edge of the outer radiation belt (L* ~5.4) but also can provide the intensive seed populations in the outer radiation belt. These initial higher-energy electrons from injection can reach relativistic energy much faster. Furthermore, these observations also provide evidence that enhanced substorm electron injections can explain rapid enhancements of MeV electrons in the outer radiation belt.},
doi = {10.1002/2016JA023550},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics},
number = 12,
volume = 121,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Dec 17 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Sat Dec 17 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 16 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Radiation belt electron acceleration by chorus waves during the 17 March 2013 storm: ELECTRON ACCELERATION BY CHORUS WAVES
journal, June 2014
- Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; Ma, Q.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 6
Relativistic electron acceleration during HILDCAA events: are precursor CIR magnetic storms important?
journal, July 2015
- Hajra, Rajkumar; Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Echer, Ezequiel
- Earth, Planets and Space, Vol. 67, Issue 1
Multisatellite measurements of electron phase space density gradients in the Earth's inner and outer magnetosphere
journal, January 2004
- Taylor, M. G. G. T.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, Issue A5
Particle Acceleration in the Magnetotail and Aurora
journal, April 2012
- Birn, J.; Artemyev, A. V.; Baker, D. N.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 173, Issue 1-4
The effects of transient, localized electric fields on equatorial electron acceleration and transport toward the inner magnetosphere: LOCALIZED ELECTRIC FIELDS AND INJECTIONS
journal, October 2012
- Gabrielse, C.; Angelopoulos, V.; Runov, A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A10
Substorm injections produce sufficient electron energization to account for MeV flux enhancements following some storms
journal, January 2005
- Mithaiwala, M. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A7
Initial signatures of magnetic field and energetic particle fluxes at tail Reconfiguration: Explosive growth phase
journal, January 1992
- Ohtani, S.; Takahashi, K.; Zanetti, L. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 97, Issue A12
Can substorms produce relativistic outer belt electrons?
journal, April 2000
- Kim, Hee-Jeong; Chan, Anthony A.; Wolf, R. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A4
The Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) Instruments Aboard the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft
journal, June 2013
- Blake, J. B.; Carranza, P. A.; Claudepierre, S. G.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) on RBSP
journal, June 2013
- Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Acuna, M.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Formation process of relativistic electron flux through interaction with chorus emissions in the Earth's inner magnetosphere
journal, November 2015
- Omura, Yoshiharu; Miyashita, Yu; Yoshikawa, Masato
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 11
Rapid enhancement of radiation belt electron fluxes due to substorm dipolarization of the geomagnetic field
journal, March 2001
- Fok, Mei-Ching; Moore, Thomas E.; Spjeldvik, Walther N.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A3
ULF wave derived radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients: ULF WAVE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS
journal, April 2012
- Ozeke, Louis G.; Mann, Ian R.; Murphy, Kyle R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A4
Rebuilding of the Earth's outer electron belt during 8-10 October 2012
journal, February 2014
- Kress, B. T.; Hudson, M. K.; Paral, J.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 3
Rice Convection Model simulation of the substorm-associated injection of an observed plasma bubble into the inner magnetosphere: 2. Simulation results: RCM BUBBLE INJECTION, 2
journal, August 2009
- Zhang, J. -C.; Wolf, R. A.; Spiro, R. W.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A8
Estimation of radial gradients of phase space density from POLAR observations during a quiet period prior to a sudden solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement: ESTIMATION OF PHASE SPACE DENSITY
journal, December 2010
- Kim, H. -J.; Zesta, E.; Kim, K. -C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A12
Radial distributions of equatorial phase space density for outer radiation belt electrons: OUTER BELT ELECTRON PSD DISTRIBUTIONS
journal, May 2012
- Turner, D. L.; Angelopoulos, V.; Shprits, Y.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 9
Explaining sudden losses of outer radiation belt electrons during geomagnetic storms
journal, January 2012
- Turner, Drew L.; Shprits, Yuri; Hartinger, Michael
- Nature Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 3
Simulation of dispersionless injections and drift echoes of energetic electrons associated with substorms
journal, October 1998
- Li, Xinlin; Baker, D. N.; Temerin, M.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 20
CRRES observation and STEERB simulation of the 9 October 1990 electron radiation belt dropout event: ELECTRON RADIATION BELT DROPOUT
journal, March 2011
- Su, Zhenpeng; Xiao, Fuliang; Zheng, Huinan
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Rapid rebuilding of the outer radiation belt: RAPID REBUILDING OF THE OUTER BELT
journal, September 2011
- Glocer, A.; Fok, M. -C.; Nagai, T.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A9
Consequences of geomagnetic activity on energization and loss of radiation belt electrons by oblique chorus waves
journal, April 2014
- Mourenas, D.; Artemyev, A. V.; Agapitov, O. V.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 4
The role of localized inductive electric fields in electron injections around dipolarizing flux bundles: Injections at Dipolarizing Flux Bundles
journal, October 2016
- Gabrielse, Christine; Harris, Camilla; Angelopoulos, Vassilis
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 10
Rapid local acceleration of relativistic radiation-belt electrons by magnetospheric chorus
journal, December 2013
- Thorne, R. M.; Li, W.; Ni, B.
- Nature, Vol. 504, Issue 7480
Strong enhancement of 10–100 keV electron fluxes by combined effects of chorus waves and time domain structures
journal, May 2016
- Ma, Qianli; Mourenas, Didier; Artemyev, Anton
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 10
Potential waves for relativistic electron scattering and stochastic acceleration during magnetic storms
journal, August 1998
- Horne, Richard B.; Thorne, Richard M.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 15
Electron Acceleration in the Heart of the Van Allen Radiation Belts
journal, July 2013
- Reeves, G. D.; Spence, H. E.; Henderson, M. G.
- Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6149
Electron source associated with dipolarization at the outer boundary of the radiation belts: Non-storm cases: SOURCE FOR RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS
journal, October 2012
- Lui, A. T. Y.; Zong, Q. -G.; Wang, C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A10
Motion of the dipolarization front during a flow burst event observed by Cluster: DIPOLARIZATION AND FLOW BURSTS
journal, October 2002
- Nakamura, R.; Baumjohann, W.; Klecker, B.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 20
Evidence for chorus-driven electron acceleration to relativistic energies from a survey of geomagnetically disturbed periods
journal, January 2003
- Meredith, Nigel P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A6
THEMIS observations of electron acceleration associated with the evolution of substorm dipolarization in the near-Earth tail: ELECTRON ACCELERATION IN DIPOLARIZATION
journal, July 2013
- Tang, C. L.; Lu, L.; Zhou, M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 7
RELATIVISTIC ( E > 0.6, > 2.0, AND > 4.0 MeV) ELECTRON ACCELERATION AT GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT DURING HIGH-INTENSITY, LONG-DURATION, CONTINUOUS AE ACTIVITY (HILDCAA) EVENTS
journal, January 2015
- Hajra, Rajkumar; Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Echer, Ezequiel
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 799, Issue 1
A synthesis of magnetospheric substorm models
journal, February 1991
- Lui, A. T. Y.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 96, Issue A2
STEERB: A three-dimensional code for storm-time evolution of electron radiation belt: STEERB CODE
journal, September 2010
- Su, Zhenpeng; Xiao, Fuliang; Zheng, Huinan
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A9
High-speed solar wind with southward interplanetary magnetic field causes relativistic electron flux enhancement of the outer radiation belt via enhanced condition of whistler waves: SOLAR WIND-RADIATION BELT COUPLING
journal, September 2013
- Miyoshi, Y.; Kataoka, R.; Kasahara, Y.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 17
Theory and simulation of the generation of whistler-mode chorus: GENERATION PROCESS OF CHORUS EMISSIONS
journal, April 2008
- Omura, Yoshiharu; Katoh, Yuto; Summers, Danny
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 113, Issue A4
Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission
journal, September 2012
- Mauk, B. H.; Fox, N. J.; Kanekal, S. G.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Evolution of dipolarization in the near-Earth current sheet induced by Earthward rapid flux transport
journal, January 2009
- Nakamura, R.; Retinò, A.; Baumjohann, W.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 27, Issue 4
Kinetic structure of the sharp injection/dipolarization front in the flow-braking region
journal, January 2009
- Sergeev, V.; Angelopoulos, V.; Apatenkov, S.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 21
Introduction to the special section on Chorus: Chorus and its role in space weather: INTRODUCTION
journal, September 2010
- Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Horne, Richard B.; Pickett, Jolene S.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A9
Multi-satellite measurements of the substorm injection region
journal, October 1990
- Reeves, G. D.; Fritz, T. A.; Cayton, T. E.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 11
Relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt: Differentiating between acceleration mechanisms
journal, January 2004
- Green, Janet C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, Issue A3
Direct Observation of Radiation-Belt Electron Acceleration from Electron-Volt Energies to Megavolts by Nonlinear Whistlers
journal, July 2014
- Mozer, F. S.; Agapitov, O.; Krasnoselskikh, V.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 3
Nonlinear electric field structures in the inner magnetosphere
journal, August 2014
- Malaspina, D. M.; Andersson, L.; Ergun, R. E.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 16
The Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope (REPT) Instrument on Board the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft: Characterization of Earth’s Radiation Belt High-Energy Particle Populations
journal, December 2012
- Baker, D. N.; Kanekal, S. G.; Hoxie, V. C.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
What is a geomagnetic storm?
journal, January 1994
- Gonzalez, W. D.; Joselyn, J. A.; Kamide, Y.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 99, Issue A4
Neutral line model of substorms: Past results and present view
journal, June 1996
- Baker, D. N.; Pulkkinen, T. I.; Angelopoulos, V.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A6
Multisatellite determination of the relativistic electron phase space density at geosynchronous orbit: Methodology and results during geomagnetically quiet times
journal, January 2005
- Chen, Y.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A10
Low-energy electrons (5-50 keV) in the inner magnetosphere: INNER MAGNETOSPHERE LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS
journal, January 2014
- Ganushkina, N. Y.; Liemohn, M. W.; Amariutei, O. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 1
Simultaneous satellite observations of VLF chorus, hot and relativistic electrons in a magnetic storm “recovery” phase
journal, January 2009
- Kasahara, Y.; Miyoshi, Y.; Omura, Y.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 1
THEMIS observations of the near-Earth plasma sheet during a substorm: THEMIS OBSERVATIONS OF SUBSTORM
journal, September 2009
- Tang, C. L.; Li, Z. Y.; Angelopoulos, V.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A9
Precursor activation and substorm expansion associated with observations of a dipolarization front by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS): PRECURSOR AND SUBSTORM EXPANSION
journal, July 2010
- Tang, C. L.; Angelopoulos, V.; Runov, A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A7
Near-Earth injection of MeV electrons associated with intense dipolarization electric fields: Van Allen Probes observations: SUBSTORM INJECTIONS OF MEV ELECTRONS
journal, August 2015
- Dai, Lei; Wang, Chi; Duan, Suping
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 15
Constructing the global distribution of chorus wave intensity using measurements of electrons by the POES satellites and waves by the Van Allen Probes: GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHORUS WAVES
journal, September 2013
- Li, W.; Ni, B.; Thorne, R. M.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 17
Rebuilding process of the outer radiation belt during the 3 November 1993 magnetic storm: NOAA and Exos-D observations
journal, January 2003
- Miyoshi, Yoshizumi
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A1
Time domain structures: What and where they are, what they do, and how they are made
journal, May 2015
- Mozer, F. S.; Agapitov, O. V.; Artemyev, A.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 10
Adiabatic charged-particle motion
journal, January 1963
- Northrop, Theodore G.
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 1, Issue 3
The Electric Field and Waves Instruments on the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission
journal, October 2013
- Wygant, J. R.; Bonnell, J. W.; Goetz, K.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Propagating substorm injection fronts
journal, January 1981
- Moore, T. E.; Arnoldy, R. L.; Feynman, J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 86, Issue A8
Phase space density distributions of energetic electrons in the outer radiation belt during two Geospace Environment Modeling Inner Magnetosphere/Storms selected storms
journal, January 2006
- Chen, Y.; Friedel, R. H. W.; Reeves, G. D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A11
Multipoint observations of dipolarization front formation by magnetotail reconnection: RECONNECTION AND DIPOLARIZATION FRONTS
journal, May 2012
- Runov, A.; Angelopoulos, V.; Zhou, X. -Z.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A5
Substorm electron injections: Geosynchronous observations and test particle simulations
journal, May 1998
- Birn, J.; Thomsen, M. F.; Borovsky, J. E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 103, Issue A5
Current disruption in the Earth's magnetosphere: Observations and models
journal, June 1996
- Lui, A. T. Y.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A6
Electron pitch-angle diffusion: resonant scattering by waves vs. nonadiabatic effects
journal, January 2013
- Artemyev, A. V.; Orlova, K. G.; Mourenas, D.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 31, Issue 9
THEMIS observations of an earthward-propagating dipolarization front
journal, January 2009
- Runov, A.; Angelopoulos, V.; Sitnov, M. I.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 14
Electron acceleration associated with the magnetic flux pileup regions in the near-Earth plasma sheet: A multicase study: ELECTRON ACCELERATION INSIDE FPR
journal, May 2016
- Tang, C. L.; Zhou, M.; Yao, Z. H.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 5
Quantifying the relative contributions of substorm injections and chorus waves to the rapid outward extension of electron radiation belt
journal, December 2014
- Su, Zhenpeng; Zhu, Hui; Xiao, Fuliang
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 12
Electric field structures and waves at plasma boundaries in the inner magnetosphere
journal, June 2015
- Malaspina, David M.; Wygant, John R.; Ergun, Robert E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 6
Transport of the plasma sheet electrons to the geostationary distances: TRANSPORT OF PLASMA SHEET ELECTRONS
journal, January 2013
- Ganushkina, N. Y.; Amariutei, O. A.; Shprits, Y. Y.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 1
Substorm injection of relativistic electrons to geosynchronous orbit during the great magnetic storm of March 24, 1991
journal, November 2001
- Ingraham, J. C.; Cayton, T. E.; Belian, R. D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A11
Corotating solar wind streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity: A review
journal, January 2006
- Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Gonzalez, Walter D.; Gonzalez, Alicia L. C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A7
The cause of high-intensity long-duration continuous AE activity (HILDCAAs): Interplanetary Alfvén wave trains
journal, April 1987
- Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Gonzalez, Walter D.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 35, Issue 4
Electron precipitation from EMIC waves: A case study from 31 May 2013: ELECTRON PRECIPITATION FROM EMIC-IPDP
journal, May 2015
- Clilverd, Mark A.; Duthie, Roger; Hardman, Rachael
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 5
Evidence for injection of relativistic electrons into the Earth's outer radiation belt via intense substorm electric fields
journal, February 2014
- Dai, Lei; Wygant, John R.; Cattell, Cynthia A.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 4
High-energy magnetospheric protons and their dependence on geomagnetic and interplanetary conditions
journal, January 1979
- Baker, D. N.; Belian, R. D.; Higbie, P. R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 84, Issue A12
Quantifying the radiation belt seed population in the 17 March 2013 electron acceleration event
journal, April 2014
- Boyd, A. J.; Spence, H. E.; Claudepierre, S. G.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 7
Fast dropouts of multi-MeV electrons due to combined effects of EMIC and whistler mode waves: FAST DROPOUTS OF MULTI-MEV ELECTRONS
journal, May 2016
- Mourenas, D.; Artemyev, A. V.; Ma, Q.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 9
Modeling energetic particle injections in dynamic pulse fields with varying propagation speeds
journal, January 2002
- Sarris, Theodore E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue A3
Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA’s Van Allen Probes Mission
journal, October 2013
- Spence, H. E.; Reeves, G. D.; Baker, D. N.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Works referencing / citing this record:
On the Importance of Gradients in the Low‐Energy Electron Phase Space Density for Relativistic Electron Acceleration
journal, April 2019
- Allison, Hayley J.; Horne, Richard B.; Glauert, Sarah A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Impact of Significant Time‐Integrated Geomagnetic Activity on 2‐MeV Electron Flux
journal, June 2019
- Mourenas, D.; Artemyev, A. V.; Zhang, X. ‐J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 6
Artificial intelligence unfolding for space radiation monitor data
journal, January 2018
- Aminalragia-Giamini, S.; Papadimitriou, C.; Sandberg, I.
- Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, Vol. 8
Electron radiation belt dynamics during magnetic storms and in quiet time [Electron radiation belt dynamics during magnetic storms and in quiet time]
journal, March 2018
- Лазутин, Леонид; Lazutin, Leonid; Дмитриев, Алексей
- Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Electron radiation belt dynamics during magnetic storms and in quiet time [Динамика электронного радиационного пояса во время магнитных возмущений и в спокойное время]
journal, March 2018
- Лазутин, Леонид; Lazutin, Leonid; Дмитриев, Алексей
- Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika, Vol. 4, Issue 1