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Title: Steric stabilization of nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands in highly concentrated brines including divalent ions

Abstract

Whereas numerous studies of stabilization of nanoparticles (NPs) in electrolytes have examined biological fluids, the interest has grown recently in media with much higher ionic strengths including seawater and brines relevant to environmental science and subsurface oil and gas reservoirs. Given that electrostatic repulsion is limited at extremely high ionic strengths due to charge screening, we have identified ligands that are well solvated in concentrated brine containing divalent cations and thus provide steric stabilization of silica nanoparticles. Specifically, the hydrodynamic diameter of silica nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands, a diol ether, [3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)propyl]-trimethoxysilane, and a zwitterionic sulfobetaine, 3-([dimethyl(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonio)propane-1-sulfonate, is shown with dynamic light scattering to remain essentially constant, indicating lack of aggregation, at room temperature and up to 80 °C for over 30 days. An extended DLVO model signifies that steric stabilization is strongly dominant against van der Waals attraction for ~10 nm particles given that these ligands are well solvated even in highly concentrated brine. In contrast, polyethylene glycol oligomers do not provide steric stabilization at elevated temperatures, even at conditions where the ligands are soluble, indicating complicating factors including bridging of the ether oxygens by divalent cations.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
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  1. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Frontiers of Subsurface Energy Security (CFSES)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1388775
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001114
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Soft Matter
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 12; Journal Issue: 7; Related Information: CFSES partners with University of Texas at Austin (lead); Sandia National Laboratory; Journal ID: ISSN 1744-683X
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; nuclear (including radiation effects); carbon sequestration

Citation Formats

Worthen, Andrew J., Tran, Vu, Cornell, Kevin A., Truskett, Thomas M., and Johnston, Keith P. Steric stabilization of nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands in highly concentrated brines including divalent ions. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1039/c5sm02787j.
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Worthen, Andrew J., Tran, Vu, Cornell, Kevin A., Truskett, Thomas M., & Johnston, Keith P. Steric stabilization of nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands in highly concentrated brines including divalent ions. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02787j
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Worthen, Andrew J., Tran, Vu, Cornell, Kevin A., Truskett, Thomas M., and Johnston, Keith P. Thu . "Steric stabilization of nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands in highly concentrated brines including divalent ions". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02787j. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1388775.
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@article{osti_1388775,
title = {Steric stabilization of nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands in highly concentrated brines including divalent ions},
author = {Worthen, Andrew J. and Tran, Vu and Cornell, Kevin A. and Truskett, Thomas M. and Johnston, Keith P.},
abstractNote = {Whereas numerous studies of stabilization of nanoparticles (NPs) in electrolytes have examined biological fluids, the interest has grown recently in media with much higher ionic strengths including seawater and brines relevant to environmental science and subsurface oil and gas reservoirs. Given that electrostatic repulsion is limited at extremely high ionic strengths due to charge screening, we have identified ligands that are well solvated in concentrated brine containing divalent cations and thus provide steric stabilization of silica nanoparticles. Specifically, the hydrodynamic diameter of silica nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands, a diol ether, [3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)propyl]-trimethoxysilane, and a zwitterionic sulfobetaine, 3-([dimethyl(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonio)propane-1-sulfonate, is shown with dynamic light scattering to remain essentially constant, indicating lack of aggregation, at room temperature and up to 80 °C for over 30 days. An extended DLVO model signifies that steric stabilization is strongly dominant against van der Waals attraction for ~10 nm particles given that these ligands are well solvated even in highly concentrated brine. In contrast, polyethylene glycol oligomers do not provide steric stabilization at elevated temperatures, even at conditions where the ligands are soluble, indicating complicating factors including bridging of the ether oxygens by divalent cations.},
doi = {10.1039/c5sm02787j},
journal = {Soft Matter},
number = 7,
volume = 12,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Thu Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02787j
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