Using the 18-Electron Rule To Understand the Nominal 19-Electron Half-Heusler NbCoSb with Nb Vacancies
Abstract
The 18-electron rule is a widely used criterion in the search for new half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. However, several 19-electron compounds such as NbCoSb have been found to be stable and exhibit thermoelectric properties rivaling state-of-the art materials. Using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations, we show that samples with nominal (19-electron) composition NbCoSb actually contain a half-Heusler phase with composition Nb0.84CoSb. The large amount of stable Nb vacancies reduces the overall electron count, which brings the stoichiometry of the compound close to an 18-electron count, and stabilizes the material. Excess electrons beyond 18 electrons provide heavy doping needed to make these good thermoelectric materials. This work demonstrates that considering possible defect chemistry and allowing small variation of electron counting leads to extra degrees of freedom for tailoring thermoelectric properties and exploring new compounds. Here we discuss the 18-electron rule as a guide to find defect-free half-Heusler semiconductors. As a result, other electron counts such as 19-electron NbCoSb can also be expected to be stable as n-type metals, perhaps with cation vacancy defects to reduce the electron count.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[4];
[2];
- Justus-Liebig-Univ. Giessen, Giessen (Germany)
- Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
- Xihua Univ., Sichuan (China)
- Univ. of Houston, Houston, TX (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Solid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center (S3TEC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1388395
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0001299; FG02-09ER46577; SC0014520; AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Chemistry of Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 29; Journal Issue: 3; Related Information: S3TEC partners with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (lead); Boston College; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; solar (photovoltaic); solar (thermal); solid state lighting; phonons; thermal conductivity; thermoelectric, defects; mechanical behavior; charge transport; spin dynamics; materials and chemistry by design; optics; synthesis (novel materials); synthesis (self-assembly); synthesis (scalable processing)
Citation Formats
Zeier, Wolfgang G., Anand, Shashwat, Huang, Lihong, He, Ran, Zhang, Hao, Ren, Zhifeng, Wolverton, Chris, and Snyder, G. Jeffrey. Using the 18-Electron Rule To Understand the Nominal 19-Electron Half-Heusler NbCoSb with Nb Vacancies. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04583.
Zeier, Wolfgang G., Anand, Shashwat, Huang, Lihong, He, Ran, Zhang, Hao, Ren, Zhifeng, Wolverton, Chris, & Snyder, G. Jeffrey. Using the 18-Electron Rule To Understand the Nominal 19-Electron Half-Heusler NbCoSb with Nb Vacancies. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04583
Zeier, Wolfgang G., Anand, Shashwat, Huang, Lihong, He, Ran, Zhang, Hao, Ren, Zhifeng, Wolverton, Chris, and Snyder, G. Jeffrey. Tue .
"Using the 18-Electron Rule To Understand the Nominal 19-Electron Half-Heusler NbCoSb with Nb Vacancies". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04583. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1388395.
@article{osti_1388395,
title = {Using the 18-Electron Rule To Understand the Nominal 19-Electron Half-Heusler NbCoSb with Nb Vacancies},
author = {Zeier, Wolfgang G. and Anand, Shashwat and Huang, Lihong and He, Ran and Zhang, Hao and Ren, Zhifeng and Wolverton, Chris and Snyder, G. Jeffrey},
abstractNote = {The 18-electron rule is a widely used criterion in the search for new half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. However, several 19-electron compounds such as NbCoSb have been found to be stable and exhibit thermoelectric properties rivaling state-of-the art materials. Using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations, we show that samples with nominal (19-electron) composition NbCoSb actually contain a half-Heusler phase with composition Nb0.84CoSb. The large amount of stable Nb vacancies reduces the overall electron count, which brings the stoichiometry of the compound close to an 18-electron count, and stabilizes the material. Excess electrons beyond 18 electrons provide heavy doping needed to make these good thermoelectric materials. This work demonstrates that considering possible defect chemistry and allowing small variation of electron counting leads to extra degrees of freedom for tailoring thermoelectric properties and exploring new compounds. Here we discuss the 18-electron rule as a guide to find defect-free half-Heusler semiconductors. As a result, other electron counts such as 19-electron NbCoSb can also be expected to be stable as n-type metals, perhaps with cation vacancy defects to reduce the electron count.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04583},
journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
number = 3,
volume = 29,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 17 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Jan 17 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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