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Title: Importance of Reducing Vapor Atmosphere in the Fabrication of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Tin-based halide perovskite materials have been successfully employed in lead-free perovskite solar cells, but the tendency of these materials to form leakage pathways from p-type defect states, mainly Sn4+ and Sn vacancies, causes poor device reproducibility and limits the overall power conversion efficiencies. Here, we present an effective process that involves a reducing vapor atmosphere during the preparation of tin-based halide perovskite solar cells to solve this problem, using MASnI3, CsSnI3 and CsSnBr3 as the representative absorbers. This process enables the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of 3.89%, 1.83% and 3.04% for MASnI3, CsSnI3 and CsSnBr3 respectively. The reducing vapor atmosphere process results in more than 20% reduction of Sn4+/Sn2+ ratios, which leads to greatly suppressed carrier recombination, to a level comparable to their lead-based counterparts. These results mark an important step towards a deeper understanding of the intrinsic tin-based halide perovskite materials, paving the way to the realization of low-cost and lead-free Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells.

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [3];  [1]
  1. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
  2. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc. (Japan)
  3. Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc. (Japan)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1388144
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001059
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 139; Journal Issue: 2; Related Information: ANSER partners with Northwestern University (lead); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Yale University; Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; catalysis (homogeneous); catalysis (heterogeneous); solar (photovoltaic); solar (fuels); photosynthesis (natural and artificial); bio-inspired; hydrogen and fuel cells; electrodes - solar; defects; charge transport; spin dynamics; membrane; materials and chemistry by design; optics; synthesis (novel materials); synthesis (self-assembly)

Citation Formats

Song, Tze-Bin, Yokoyama, Takamichi, Stoumpos, Constantinos C., Logsdon, Jenna, Cao, Duyen H., Wasielewski, Michael R., Aramaki, Shinji, and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Importance of Reducing Vapor Atmosphere in the Fabrication of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b10734.
Song, Tze-Bin, Yokoyama, Takamichi, Stoumpos, Constantinos C., Logsdon, Jenna, Cao, Duyen H., Wasielewski, Michael R., Aramaki, Shinji, & Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Importance of Reducing Vapor Atmosphere in the Fabrication of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b10734
Song, Tze-Bin, Yokoyama, Takamichi, Stoumpos, Constantinos C., Logsdon, Jenna, Cao, Duyen H., Wasielewski, Michael R., Aramaki, Shinji, and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Thu . "Importance of Reducing Vapor Atmosphere in the Fabrication of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b10734. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1388144.
@article{osti_1388144,
title = {Importance of Reducing Vapor Atmosphere in the Fabrication of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells},
author = {Song, Tze-Bin and Yokoyama, Takamichi and Stoumpos, Constantinos C. and Logsdon, Jenna and Cao, Duyen H. and Wasielewski, Michael R. and Aramaki, Shinji and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.},
abstractNote = {Tin-based halide perovskite materials have been successfully employed in lead-free perovskite solar cells, but the tendency of these materials to form leakage pathways from p-type defect states, mainly Sn4+ and Sn vacancies, causes poor device reproducibility and limits the overall power conversion efficiencies. Here, we present an effective process that involves a reducing vapor atmosphere during the preparation of tin-based halide perovskite solar cells to solve this problem, using MASnI3, CsSnI3 and CsSnBr3 as the representative absorbers. This process enables the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of 3.89%, 1.83% and 3.04% for MASnI3, CsSnI3 and CsSnBr3 respectively. The reducing vapor atmosphere process results in more than 20% reduction of Sn4+/Sn2+ ratios, which leads to greatly suppressed carrier recombination, to a level comparable to their lead-based counterparts. These results mark an important step towards a deeper understanding of the intrinsic tin-based halide perovskite materials, paving the way to the realization of low-cost and lead-free Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells.},
doi = {10.1021/jacs.6b10734},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
number = 2,
volume = 139,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}

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Doping and Switchable Photovoltaic Effect in Lead-Free Perovskites Enabled by Metal Cation Transmutation
journal, July 2018

  • Harikesh, Padinhare Cholakkal; Wu, Bo; Ghosh, Biplab
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 34
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802080

Convenient preparation of CsSnI 3 quantum dots, excellent stability, and the highest performance of lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cells so far
journal, January 2019

  • Wang, Yangyang; Tu, Jin; Li, Tianhao
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta10901j

Pathways toward high-performance inorganic perovskite solar cells: challenges and strategies
journal, January 2019

  • Li, Bo; Fu, Lin; Li, Shuang
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 36
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta04114a

Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co-crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon-Based Mesoscopic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, September 2017

  • Tsai, Cheng-Min; Mohanta, Nayantara; Wang, Chi-Yung
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 44
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707037

Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review
journal, July 2019

  • Kour, Ravinder; Arya, Sandeep; Verma, Sonali
  • Global Challenges, Vol. 3, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201900050

“Unleaded” Perovskites: Status Quo and Future Prospects of Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, September 2018

  • Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803230

Efficient and stable tin-based perovskite solar cells by introducing π-conjugated Lewis base
journal, December 2019


Metal Halide Perovskites: Synthesis, Ion Migration, and Application in Field-Effect Transistors
journal, July 2018


Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too?
journal, November 2017


Orientation Regulation of Tin‐Based Reduced‐Dimensional Perovskites for Highly Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics
journal, February 2019

  • Xu, Hongyu; Jiang, Yuanzhi; He, Tingwei
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201807696

Boosting the performance and stability of quasi-two-dimensional tin-based perovskite solar cells using the formamidinium thiocyanate additive
journal, January 2018

  • Kim, Hongki; Lee, Yoon Ho; Lyu, Taecheon
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta05916k

All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronics: Progress and Prospects
journal, August 2017


Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics
journal, January 2018


Stability enhancement of lead‐free CsSnI 3 perovskite photodetector with reductive ascorbic acid additive
journal, January 2020


A lead-free two-dimensional perovskite for a high-performance flexible photoconductor and a light-stimulated synaptic device
journal, January 2018


A Cation‐Exchange Approach for the Fabrication of Efficient Methylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, April 2019

  • Li, Fengzhu; Zhang, Chaoshen; Huang, Jin‐Hua
  • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902418

Present Status and Research Prospects of Tin‐based Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, August 2019


Antioxidant Grain Passivation for Air-Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, December 2018

  • Tai, Qidong; Guo, Xuyun; Tang, Guanqi
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811539

All-inorganic lead-free perovskites for optoelectronic applications
journal, January 2019

  • Wang, Xingtao; Zhang, Taiyang; Lou, Yongbing
  • Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 3, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8qm00611c

Slow surface passivation and crystal relaxation with additives to improve device performance and durability for tin-based perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2018

  • Jokar, Efat; Chien, Cheng-Hsun; Fathi, Amir
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ee00956b

Lead‐Free Solar Cells based on Tin Halide Perovskite Films with High Coverage and Improved Aggregation
journal, September 2018

  • Liu, Jiewei; Ozaki, Masashi; Yakumaru, Shinya
  • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 40
  • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808385

Incorporation of a Redox-Active Bis(guanidine) in Low-Dimensional Tin and Lead Iodide Structures
journal, November 2017

  • Herrmann, Hendrik; Walter, Petra; Kaifer, Elisabeth
  • European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2017, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701351

Tin(iv) dopant removal through anti-solvent engineering enabling tin based perovskite solar cells with high charge carrier mobilities
text, January 2019

  • Bandara, Rmi; Jayawardena, Kdgi; Adeyemo, Stephanie
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.40441

Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co-crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon-Based Mesoscopic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, September 2017

  • Tsai, Cheng-Min; Mohanta, Nayantara; Wang, Chi-Yung
  • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 129, Issue 44
  • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707037

A Cation-Exchange Approach for the Fabrication of Efficient Methylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, April 2019

  • Li, Fengzhu; Zhang, Chaoshen; Huang, Jin-Hua
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902418

Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too?
journal, November 2017


Highly stable and efficient all-inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells with native-oxide passivation
journal, January 2019


Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics
journal, January 2018