Redox variations in Mauna Kea lavas, the oxygen fugacity of the Hawaiian plume, and the role of volcanic gases in Earth’s oxygenation

Brounce, Maryjo; Stolper, Edward; Eiler, John

doi:10.1073/pnas.1619527114

Title: Redox variations in Mauna Kea lavas, the oxygen fugacity of the Hawaiian plume, and the role of volcanic gases in Earth’s oxygenation

Abstract

The behavior of C, H, and S in the solid Earth depends on their oxidation states, which are related to oxygen fugacity (fO₂). Volcanic degassing is a source of these elements to Earth’s surface; therefore, variations in mantle fO₂ may influence the fO₂ at Earth’s surface. However, degassing can impact magmatic fO₂ before or during eruption, potentially obscuring relationships between the fO₂ of the solid Earth and of emitted gases and their impact on surface fO₂. We show that low-pressure degassing resulted in reduction of the fO₂ of Mauna Kea magmas by more than an order of magnitude. The least degassed magmas from Mauna Kea are more oxidized than midocean ridge basalt (MORB) magmas, suggesting that the upper mantle sources of Hawaiian magmas have higher fO₂ than MORB sources. One explanation for this difference is recycling of material from the oxidized surface to the deep mantle, which is then returned to the surface as a component of buoyant plumes. It has been proposed that a decreasing pressure of volcanic eruptions led to the oxygenation of the atmosphere. Extension of our findings via modeling of degassing trends suggests that a decrease in eruption pressure would not produce this effect. If degassingmore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Stolper, Edward ^[2]; Eiler, John ^[2]

California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1376255

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 114; Journal Issue: 34; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of Sciences

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

Subject:: 58 GEOSCIENCES; ocean island basalts; oxygen fugacity; Hawaii volcanism; volcanic degassing; Great Oxidation Event

Citation Formats


                    Brounce, Maryjo, Stolper, Edward, and Eiler, John. Redox variations in Mauna Kea lavas, the oxygen fugacity of the Hawaiian plume, and the role of volcanic gases in Earth’s oxygenation.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1073/pnas.1619527114.

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                    Brounce, Maryjo, Stolper, Edward, & Eiler, John. Redox variations in Mauna Kea lavas, the oxygen fugacity of the Hawaiian plume, and the role of volcanic gases in Earth’s oxygenation.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619527114

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                    Brounce, Maryjo, Stolper, Edward, and Eiler, John. Mon .  
"Redox variations in Mauna Kea lavas, the oxygen fugacity of the Hawaiian plume, and the role of volcanic gases in Earth’s oxygenation".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619527114.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1376255.

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@article{osti_1376255,

  title        = {Redox variations in Mauna Kea lavas, the oxygen fugacity of the Hawaiian plume, and the role of volcanic gases in Earth’s oxygenation},

  author       = {Brounce, Maryjo and Stolper, Edward and Eiler, John},

  abstractNote = {The behavior of C, H, and S in the solid Earth depends on their oxidation states, which are related to oxygen fugacity (fO2). Volcanic degassing is a source of these elements to Earth’s surface; therefore, variations in mantle fO2 may influence the fO2 at Earth’s surface. However, degassing can impact magmatic fO2 before or during eruption, potentially obscuring relationships between the fO2 of the solid Earth and of emitted gases and their impact on surface fO2. We show that low-pressure degassing resulted in reduction of the fO2 of Mauna Kea magmas by more than an order of magnitude. The least degassed magmas from Mauna Kea are more oxidized than midocean ridge basalt (MORB) magmas, suggesting that the upper mantle sources of Hawaiian magmas have higher fO2 than MORB sources. One explanation for this difference is recycling of material from the oxidized surface to the deep mantle, which is then returned to the surface as a component of buoyant plumes. It has been proposed that a decreasing pressure of volcanic eruptions led to the oxygenation of the atmosphere. Extension of our findings via modeling of degassing trends suggests that a decrease in eruption pressure would not produce this effect. If degassing of basalts were responsible for the rise in oxygen, it requires that Archean magmas had at least two orders of magnitude lower fO2 than modern magmas. As a result, estimates of fO2 of Archean magmas are not this low, arguing for alternative explanations for the oxygenation of the atmosphere.},

  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1619527114},

  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},

  number       = 34,

  volume       = 114,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Mon Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Title: Redox variations in Mauna Kea lavas, the oxygen fugacity of the Hawaiian plume, and the role of volcanic gases in Earth’s oxygenation

Abstract

Citation Formats

Oxygen isotope constraints on the sources of Hawaiian volcanism journal, November 1996

Vanadium in peridotites, mantle redox and tectonic environments: Archean to present journal, January 2002

The nature and distribution of carbon in submarine basalts and peridotite nodules journal, December 1981

The annual volcanic gas input into the atmosphere, in particular into the stratosphere: a global data set for the past 100 years journal, June 2002

The redox states of basic and silicic magmas: a reflection of their source regions? journal, January 1991

Oxygen buffering of Kilauea volcanic gases and the oxygen fugacity of Kilauea basalt journal, February 1993

The behavior of Fe3+/∑Fe during partial melting of spinel lherzolite journal, July 2016

Melting of Garnet Peridotite and the Origin of Komatiite and Depleted Lithosphere journal, January 1998

Sulfur in basaltic magmas journal, May 1992

The chemistry of volcanic gases: 2. Use of equilibrium calculations in the interpretation of volcanic gas samples journal, January 1963

Atmospheric oxygenation caused by a change in volcanic degassing pressure journal, October 2011

Ambient and excess mantle temperatures, olivine thermometry, and active vs. passive upwelling journal, July 2007

Tracking the changing oxidation state of Erebus magmas, from mantle to surface, driven by magma ascent and degassing journal, May 2014

Volatile budget of Kilauea volcano journal, January 1985

Osmium isotope systematics of drilled lavas from Mauna Loa, Hawaii journal, May 1996

Sulfur K-edge XANES analysis of natural and synthetic basaltic glasses: Implications for S speciation and S content as function of oxygen fugacity journal, October 2010

Oxygen fugacities of basaltic and andesitic magmas journal, September 1965

Isotopic evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Results from the initial phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project journal, May 1996

Rise of atmospheric oxygen and the “upside-down” Archean mantle: RESEARCH LETTER journal, January 2001

Sulfur speciation, oxidation state, and sulfur concentration in backarc magmas journal, August 1993

Fe-XANES analyses of Reykjanes Ridge basalts: Implications for oceanic crust's role in the solid Earth oxygen cycle journal, October 2015

Temporal evolution of mantle wedge oxygen fugacity during subduction initiation journal, July 2015

Olivine-melt relationships and syneruptive redox variations in the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano as revealed by XANES journal, March 2017

Deep Drilling into a Mantle Plume Volcano: The Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project journal, January 2009

Composition of basaltic lavas sampled by phase-2 of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project: Geochemical stratigraphy and magma types: COMPOSITION OF BASALTIC LAVAS journal, March 2004

The oxidation state of sulfur in synthetic and natural glasses determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy journal, April 2009

Increased subaerial volcanism and the rise of atmospheric oxygen 2.5 billion years ago journal, August 2007

Simulating the behavior of volatiles belonging to the C–O–H–S system in silicate melts under magmatic conditions with the software D-Compress journal, June 2015

The redox state of subduction zones: insights from arc-peridotites journal, September 1999

The constancy of upper mantle fO2 through time inferred from V/Sc ratios in basalts journal, December 2004

Redox reactions in seafloor basalts: possible insights into silicic hydrothermal systems journal, October 2004

Variations in Fe3+/∑Fe of Mariana Arc Basalts and Mantle Wedge fO2 journal, December 2014

Long-term fluxes and budget of ferric iron: implication for the redox states of the Earth's mantle and atmosphere journal, January 1999

Oxygen Fugacities Directly Measured in Magmatic Gases journal, September 1966

Role of oxygen pressure in the crystallization and differentiation of basaltic magma journal, November 1959

Mantle Oxidation State and Its Relationship to Tectonic Environment and Fluid Speciation journal, April 1990

Oceanic Island Basalts and Mantle Plumes: The Geochemical Perspective journal, April 2010

The impact of degassing on the oxidation state of basaltic magmas: A case study of Kīlauea volcano journal, September 2016

Identification of Source Lithology in the Hawaiian and Canary Islands: Implications for Origins journal, December 2010

Ferric/ferrous ratios in 1984 Mauna Loa lavas: a contribution to understanding the oxidation state of Hawaiian magmas journal, June 2005

Volcanic gases, black smokers, and the great oxidation event journal, November 2002

Mantle Redox Evolution and the Oxidation State of the Archean Atmosphere journal, March 1993

The compressibility of silicate liquids containing Fe2O3 and the effect of composition, temperature, oxygen fugacity and pressure on their redox states journal, July 1991

The influence of magmatic differentiation on the oxidation state of Fe in a basaltic arc magma journal, May 2012

Solubility of molecular hydrogen in silicate melts and consequences for volatile evolution of terrestrial planets journal, September 2012

The Amount of Recycled Crust in Sources of Mantle-Derived Melts journal, April 2007

The oxidation state of Fe in MORB glasses and the oxygen fugacity of the upper mantle journal, May 2011

Volatiles in glasses from the HSDP2 drill core: VOLATILES FROM THE HSDP2 DRILL CORE journal, September 2004

Oxidation-reduction relations in basic magma: a case for homogeneous equilibria journal, June 1986

Glass in the submarine section of the HSDP2 drill core, Hilo, Hawaii: HSDP2 DRILL CORE, HAWAII journal, July 2004

Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic crust journal, February 1982

Geochemical structure of the Hawaiian plume: Sr, Nd, and Os isotopes in the 2.8 km HSDP-2 section of Mauna Kea volcano: HAWAIIAN PLUME STRUCTURE journal, September 2005

Melting of Garnet Peridotite and the Origin of Komatiite and Depleted Lithosphere journal, January 1998

The Amount of Recycled Crust in Sources of Mantle-Derived Melts journal, April 2007

Extremely low structural hydroxyl contents in upper mantle xenoliths from the Nógrád-Gömör Volcanic Field (northern Pannonian Basin): Geodynamic implications and the role of post-eruptive re-equilibration journal, March 2019

On the relationship between oxidation state and temperature of volcanic gas emissions journal, August 2019

Global atmospheric oxygen variations recorded by Th/U systematics of igneous rocks journal, September 2019

Evidence for a dominantly reducing Archaean ambient mantle from two redox proxies, and low oxygen fugacity of deeply subducted oceanic crust journal, December 2019

Neoproterozoic to early Phanerozoic rise in island arc redox state due to deep ocean oxygenation and increased marine sulfate levels journal, April 2019

Contrasting Volcanic Deformation in Arc and Ocean Island Settings Due To Exsolution of Magmatic Water journal, July 2022

Global atmospheric oxygen variations recorded by Th/U systematics of igneous rocks journal, September 2019

Oxygen isotope constraints on the sources of Hawaiian volcanism
journal, November 1996

Vanadium in peridotites, mantle redox and tectonic environments: Archean to present
journal, January 2002

The nature and distribution of carbon in submarine basalts and peridotite nodules
journal, December 1981

The annual volcanic gas input into the atmosphere, in particular into the stratosphere: a global data set for the past 100 years
journal, June 2002

The redox states of basic and silicic magmas: a reflection of their source regions?
journal, January 1991

Oxygen buffering of Kilauea volcanic gases and the oxygen fugacity of Kilauea basalt
journal, February 1993

The behavior of Fe3+/∑Fe during partial melting of spinel lherzolite
journal, July 2016

Melting of Garnet Peridotite and the Origin of Komatiite and Depleted Lithosphere
journal, January 1998

Sulfur in basaltic magmas
journal, May 1992

The chemistry of volcanic gases: 2. Use of equilibrium calculations in the interpretation of volcanic gas samples
journal, January 1963

Atmospheric oxygenation caused by a change in volcanic degassing pressure
journal, October 2011

Ambient and excess mantle temperatures, olivine thermometry, and active vs. passive upwelling
journal, July 2007

Tracking the changing oxidation state of Erebus magmas, from mantle to surface, driven by magma ascent and degassing
journal, May 2014

Volatile budget of Kilauea volcano
journal, January 1985

Osmium isotope systematics of drilled lavas from Mauna Loa, Hawaii
journal, May 1996

Sulfur K-edge XANES analysis of natural and synthetic basaltic glasses: Implications for S speciation and S content as function of oxygen fugacity
journal, October 2010

Oxygen fugacities of basaltic and andesitic magmas
journal, September 1965

Isotopic evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Results from the initial phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project
journal, May 1996

Rise of atmospheric oxygen and the “upside-down” Archean mantle: RESEARCH LETTER
journal, January 2001

Sulfur speciation, oxidation state, and sulfur concentration in backarc magmas
journal, August 1993

Fe-XANES analyses of Reykjanes Ridge basalts: Implications for oceanic crust's role in the solid Earth oxygen cycle
journal, October 2015

Temporal evolution of mantle wedge oxygen fugacity during subduction initiation
journal, July 2015

Olivine-melt relationships and syneruptive redox variations in the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano as revealed by XANES
journal, March 2017

Deep Drilling into a Mantle Plume Volcano: The Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project
journal, January 2009

Composition of basaltic lavas sampled by phase-2 of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project: Geochemical stratigraphy and magma types: COMPOSITION OF BASALTIC LAVAS
journal, March 2004

The oxidation state of sulfur in synthetic and natural glasses determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
journal, April 2009

Increased subaerial volcanism and the rise of atmospheric oxygen 2.5 billion years ago
journal, August 2007

Simulating the behavior of volatiles belonging to the C–O–H–S system in silicate melts under magmatic conditions with the software D-Compress
journal, June 2015

The redox state of subduction zones: insights from arc-peridotites
journal, September 1999

The constancy of upper mantle fO2 through time inferred from V/Sc ratios in basalts
journal, December 2004

Redox reactions in seafloor basalts: possible insights into silicic hydrothermal systems
journal, October 2004

Variations in Fe3+/∑Fe of Mariana Arc Basalts and Mantle Wedge fO2
journal, December 2014

Long-term fluxes and budget of ferric iron: implication for the redox states of the Earth's mantle and atmosphere
journal, January 1999

Oxygen Fugacities Directly Measured in Magmatic Gases
journal, September 1966

Role of oxygen pressure in the crystallization and differentiation of basaltic magma
journal, November 1959

Mantle Oxidation State and Its Relationship to Tectonic Environment and Fluid Speciation
journal, April 1990

Oceanic Island Basalts and Mantle Plumes: The Geochemical Perspective
journal, April 2010

The impact of degassing on the oxidation state of basaltic magmas: A case study of Kīlauea volcano
journal, September 2016

Identification of Source Lithology in the Hawaiian and Canary Islands: Implications for Origins
journal, December 2010

Ferric/ferrous ratios in 1984 Mauna Loa lavas: a contribution to understanding the oxidation state of Hawaiian magmas
journal, June 2005

Volcanic gases, black smokers, and the great oxidation event
journal, November 2002

Mantle Redox Evolution and the Oxidation State of the Archean Atmosphere
journal, March 1993

The compressibility of silicate liquids containing Fe2O3 and the effect of composition, temperature, oxygen fugacity and pressure on their redox states
journal, July 1991

The influence of magmatic differentiation on the oxidation state of Fe in a basaltic arc magma
journal, May 2012

Solubility of molecular hydrogen in silicate melts and consequences for volatile evolution of terrestrial planets
journal, September 2012

The Amount of Recycled Crust in Sources of Mantle-Derived Melts
journal, April 2007

The oxidation state of Fe in MORB glasses and the oxygen fugacity of the upper mantle
journal, May 2011

Volatiles in glasses from the HSDP2 drill core: VOLATILES FROM THE HSDP2 DRILL CORE
journal, September 2004

Oxidation-reduction relations in basic magma: a case for homogeneous equilibria
journal, June 1986

Glass in the submarine section of the HSDP2 drill core, Hilo, Hawaii: HSDP2 DRILL CORE, HAWAII
journal, July 2004

Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic crust
journal, February 1982

Geochemical structure of the Hawaiian plume: Sr, Nd, and Os isotopes in the 2.8 km HSDP-2 section of Mauna Kea volcano: HAWAIIAN PLUME STRUCTURE
journal, September 2005

Melting of Garnet Peridotite and the Origin of Komatiite and Depleted Lithosphere
journal, January 1998

The Amount of Recycled Crust in Sources of Mantle-Derived Melts
journal, April 2007

Extremely low structural hydroxyl contents in upper mantle xenoliths from the Nógrád-Gömör Volcanic Field (northern Pannonian Basin): Geodynamic implications and the role of post-eruptive re-equilibration
journal, March 2019

On the relationship between oxidation state and temperature of volcanic gas emissions
journal, August 2019

Global atmospheric oxygen variations recorded by Th/U systematics of igneous rocks
journal, September 2019

Evidence for a dominantly reducing Archaean ambient mantle from two redox proxies, and low oxygen fugacity of deeply subducted oceanic crust
journal, December 2019

Neoproterozoic to early Phanerozoic rise in island arc redox state due to deep ocean oxygenation and increased marine sulfate levels
journal, April 2019

Contrasting Volcanic Deformation in Arc and Ocean Island Settings Due To Exsolution of Magmatic Water
journal, July 2022

Global atmospheric oxygen variations recorded by Th/U systematics of igneous rocks
journal, September 2019