Force measurement-based discontinuity detection during friction stir welding
Abstract
Here, the objective of this work is to develop a method for detecting the creation of discontinuities (i.e., voids, volume defects) during friction stir welding. Friction stir welding is inherently cost effective, however, the need for significant weld inspection can make the process cost prohibitive. A new approach to weld inspection is required in which an in situ characterization of weld quality can be obtained, reducing the need for postprocess inspection. To this end, friction stir welds with subsurface voids and without voids were created. The subsurface voids were generated by reducing the friction stir tool rotation frequency and increasing the tool traverse speed in order to create “colder” welds. Process forces were measured during welding, and the void sizes were measured postprocess by computerized tomography (i.e., 3D X-ray imaging). Two parameters, based on frequency domain content and time-domain average of the force signals, were found to be correlated with void size. Criteria for subsurface void detection and size prediction were developed and shown to be in good agreement with experimental observations. Furthermore, with the proper choice of data acquisition system and frequency analyzer the occurrence of subsurface voids can be detected in real time.
- Authors:
-
- The Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
- Wolf Robotics LLC, Fort Collins, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); University of Wisconsin System
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1373910
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1416205
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Manufacturing Processes
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 26; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 1526-6125
- Publisher:
- Society of Manufacturing Engineers; Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; Aluminum; Discontinuity detection; Force measurement; Friction Stir Welding
Citation Formats
Shrivastava, Amber, Zinn, Michael, Duffie, Neil A., Ferrier, Nicola J., Smith, Christopher B., and Pfefferkorn, Frank E. Force measurement-based discontinuity detection during friction stir welding. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.01.007.
Shrivastava, Amber, Zinn, Michael, Duffie, Neil A., Ferrier, Nicola J., Smith, Christopher B., & Pfefferkorn, Frank E. Force measurement-based discontinuity detection during friction stir welding. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.01.007
Shrivastava, Amber, Zinn, Michael, Duffie, Neil A., Ferrier, Nicola J., Smith, Christopher B., and Pfefferkorn, Frank E. Thu .
"Force measurement-based discontinuity detection during friction stir welding". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.01.007. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1373910.
@article{osti_1373910,
title = {Force measurement-based discontinuity detection during friction stir welding},
author = {Shrivastava, Amber and Zinn, Michael and Duffie, Neil A. and Ferrier, Nicola J. and Smith, Christopher B. and Pfefferkorn, Frank E.},
abstractNote = {Here, the objective of this work is to develop a method for detecting the creation of discontinuities (i.e., voids, volume defects) during friction stir welding. Friction stir welding is inherently cost effective, however, the need for significant weld inspection can make the process cost prohibitive. A new approach to weld inspection is required in which an in situ characterization of weld quality can be obtained, reducing the need for postprocess inspection. To this end, friction stir welds with subsurface voids and without voids were created. The subsurface voids were generated by reducing the friction stir tool rotation frequency and increasing the tool traverse speed in order to create “colder” welds. Process forces were measured during welding, and the void sizes were measured postprocess by computerized tomography (i.e., 3D X-ray imaging). Two parameters, based on frequency domain content and time-domain average of the force signals, were found to be correlated with void size. Criteria for subsurface void detection and size prediction were developed and shown to be in good agreement with experimental observations. Furthermore, with the proper choice of data acquisition system and frequency analyzer the occurrence of subsurface voids can be detected in real time.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.01.007},
journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Processes},
number = C,
volume = 26,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Feb 23 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Thu Feb 23 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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