The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 Onward. Part I: System Description and Data Assimilation Evaluation
Abstract
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), updates NASA’s previous satellite-era (1980 onward) reanalysis system to include additional observations and improvements to the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5), Earth system model. As a major step toward a full Integrated Earth Systems Analysis (IESA), in addition to meteorological observations, MERRA-2 now includes assimilation of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from various ground- and space-based remote sensing platforms. Here, in the first of a pair of studies, the MERRA-2 aerosol assimilation is documented, including a description of the prognostic model (GEOS-5 coupled to the GOCART aerosol module), aerosol emissions, and the quality control of ingested observations. Initial validation and evaluation of the analyzed AOD fields are provided using independent observations from ground, aircraft, and shipborne instruments. The positive impact of the AOD assimilation on simulated aerosols is demonstrated by comparing MERRA-2 aerosol fields to an identical control simulation that does not include AOD assimilation. Fianlly, after showing the AOD evaluation, this paper takes a first look at aerosol–climate interactions by examining the shortwave, clear-sky aerosol direct radiative effect. The companion paper (Part II) evaluates and validates available MERRA-2 aerosol properties not directly impacted by the AOD assimilationmore »
- Authors:
-
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)nd
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Columbia, MD (United States); Univ. Space Research Association, Columbia, MD (United States)
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD (United States)
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD (United States); NASA Biospheric Sciences Lab., Greenbelt, MD (United States)
- NASA Biospheric Sciences Lab., Greenbelt, MD (United States)
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA (United States)
- Bay Area Environmental Research Insti., Petaluma, CA (United States); NASA Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology, Moffett Field, CA (United States)
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1373844
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-125181
Journal ID: ISSN 0894-8755; 453040196
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Climate
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 17; Journal ID: ISSN 0894-8755
- Publisher:
- American Meteorological Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Aerosols; Radiative fluxes; Satellite observations; Data assimilation; Model evaluation/performance; Reanalysis data
Citation Formats
Randles, C. A., da Silva, A. M., Buchard, V., Colarco, P. R., Darmenov, A., Govindaraju, R., Smirnov, A., Holben, B., Ferrare, R., Hair, J., Shinozuka, Y., and Flynn, C. J. The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 Onward. Part I: System Description and Data Assimilation Evaluation. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0609.1.
Randles, C. A., da Silva, A. M., Buchard, V., Colarco, P. R., Darmenov, A., Govindaraju, R., Smirnov, A., Holben, B., Ferrare, R., Hair, J., Shinozuka, Y., & Flynn, C. J. The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 Onward. Part I: System Description and Data Assimilation Evaluation. United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0609.1
Randles, C. A., da Silva, A. M., Buchard, V., Colarco, P. R., Darmenov, A., Govindaraju, R., Smirnov, A., Holben, B., Ferrare, R., Hair, J., Shinozuka, Y., and Flynn, C. J. Thu .
"The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 Onward. Part I: System Description and Data Assimilation Evaluation". United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0609.1. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1373844.
@article{osti_1373844,
title = {The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 Onward. Part I: System Description and Data Assimilation Evaluation},
author = {Randles, C. A. and da Silva, A. M. and Buchard, V. and Colarco, P. R. and Darmenov, A. and Govindaraju, R. and Smirnov, A. and Holben, B. and Ferrare, R. and Hair, J. and Shinozuka, Y. and Flynn, C. J.},
abstractNote = {The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), updates NASA’s previous satellite-era (1980 onward) reanalysis system to include additional observations and improvements to the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5), Earth system model. As a major step toward a full Integrated Earth Systems Analysis (IESA), in addition to meteorological observations, MERRA-2 now includes assimilation of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from various ground- and space-based remote sensing platforms. Here, in the first of a pair of studies, the MERRA-2 aerosol assimilation is documented, including a description of the prognostic model (GEOS-5 coupled to the GOCART aerosol module), aerosol emissions, and the quality control of ingested observations. Initial validation and evaluation of the analyzed AOD fields are provided using independent observations from ground, aircraft, and shipborne instruments. The positive impact of the AOD assimilation on simulated aerosols is demonstrated by comparing MERRA-2 aerosol fields to an identical control simulation that does not include AOD assimilation. Fianlly, after showing the AOD evaluation, this paper takes a first look at aerosol–climate interactions by examining the shortwave, clear-sky aerosol direct radiative effect. The companion paper (Part II) evaluates and validates available MERRA-2 aerosol properties not directly impacted by the AOD assimilation (e.g., aerosol vertical distribution and absorption). Importantly, while highlighting the skill of the MERRA-2 aerosol assimilation products, both studies point out caveats that must be considered when using this new reanalysis product for future studies of aerosols and their interactions with weather and climate.},
doi = {10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0609.1},
journal = {Journal of Climate},
number = 17,
volume = 30,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 27 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Jul 27 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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- Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Using MODIS cloud regimes to sort diagnostic signals of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions: AEROSOL-CLOUD-PRECIPITATION INTERACTIONS
journal, May 2017
- Oreopoulos, Lazaros; Cho, Nayeong; Lee, Dongmin
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 122, Issue 10
Does the modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications-2 aerosol reanalysis introduce an improvement in the simulation of surface solar radiation over China?
journal, October 2018
- Feng, Fei; Wang, Kaicun
- International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 39, Issue 3
Coupled Stratospheric Chemistry–Meteorology Data Assimilation. Part II: Weak and Strong Coupling
journal, December 2019
- Ménard, Richard; Gauthier, Pierre; Rochon, Yves
- Atmosphere, Vol. 10, Issue 12
Land Surface Cooling Induced by Sulfate Geoengineering Constrained by Major Volcanic Eruptions
journal, June 2018
- Plazzotta, Maxime; Séférian, Roland; Douville, Hervé
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 11
Local Monitoring of Atmospheric Transparency from the NASA MERRA-2 Global Assimilation System
journal, November 2019
- Guyonnet, A.; Dagoret-Campagne, S.; Mondrik, N.
- Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, Vol. 08, Issue 04
The characteristics of African easterly waves coupled to Saharan mineral dust aerosols
journal, March 2019
- Grogan, Dustin F. P.; Thorncroft, Christopher D.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 145, Issue 720
Contrasting Influence of Gobi and Taklimakan Deserts on the Dust Aerosols in Western North America
journal, August 2019
- Liu, Lin; Guo, Jianping; Gong, Hainan
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 15
Quantifying the direct radiative effect of absorbing aerosols for numerical weather prediction: a case study
journal, January 2019
- Oyola, Mayra I.; Campbell, James R.; Xian, Peng
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 1
Potential impacts of Arctic warming on Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude aerosol optical depth
journal, March 2019
- Chen, Yuyang; Zhao, Chuanfeng; Ming, Yi
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 53, Issue 3-4
Asian and Trans‐Pacific Dust: A Multimodel and Multiremote Sensing Observation Analysis
journal, December 2019
- Kim, Dongchul; Chin, Mian; Yu, Hongbin
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 23
Influence of Central Siberian Snow‐Albedo Feedback on the Spring East Asian Dust Cycle and Connection With the Preceding Winter Arctic Oscillation
journal, December 2018
- Liu, Heng; Liu, Xiaodong; Dong, Buwen
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 23
Surface temperature response to the major volcanic eruptions in multiple reanalysis data sets
journal, January 2020
- Fujiwara, Masatomo; Martineau, Patrick; Wright, Jonathon S.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 1
Assessment of MERRA-2 Surface PM2.5 over the Yangtze River Basin: Ground-based Verification, Spatiotemporal Distribution and Meteorological Dependence
journal, February 2019
- He, Lijie; Lin, Aiwen; Chen, Xinxin
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 4
Surface Heat Fluxes over the Northern Arabian Gulf and the Northern Red Sea: Evaluation of ECMWF-ERA5 and NASA-MERRA2 Reanalyses
journal, August 2019
- Al Senafi, Fahad; Anis, Ayal; Menezes, Viviane
- Atmosphere, Vol. 10, Issue 9
Impacts of population growth and land use on air quality. A case study of Tshwane, Rustenburg and Emalahleni, South Africa
journal, September 2019
- Shikwambana, Lerato; Tsoeleng, Lesiba Thomas
- South African Geographical Journal, Vol. 102, Issue 2
The remote sensing of radiative forcing by light-absorbing particles (LAPs) in seasonal snow over northeastern China
journal, January 2019
- Pu, Wei; Cui, Jiecan; Shi, Tenglong
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 15
Precipitation Trends over the Indus Basin
journal, September 2019
- Krakauer, Nir Y.; Lakhankar, Tarendra; Dars, Ghulam H.
- Climate, Vol. 7, Issue 10
Recent Increase in Winter Hazy Days over Central India and the Arabian Sea
journal, November 2019
- Thomas, Abin; Sarangi, Chandan; Kanawade, Vijay P.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Synergistic Use of Remote Sensing and Modeling to Assess an Anomalously High Chlorophyll-a Event during Summer 2015 in the South Central Red Sea
journal, July 2017
- Li, Wenzhao; El-Askary, Hesham; ManiKandan, K.
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 9, Issue 8
An overview of mesoscale aerosol processes, comparisons, and validation studies from DRAGON networks
journal, January 2018
- Holben, Brent N.; Kim, Jhoon; Sano, Itaru
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Exploring systematic offsets between aerosol products from the two MODIS sensors
journal, January 2018
- Levy, Robert C.; Mattoo, Shana; Sawyer, Virginia
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 11, Issue 7
On the Recent Amplification of Dust Over the Arabian Peninsula During 2002–2012
journal, December 2019
- Ravi Kumar, Kunchala; Attada, Raju; Dasari, Hari Prasad
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 23
The Trend Reversal of Dust Aerosol Over East Asia and the North Pacific Ocean Attributed to Large‐Scale Meteorology, Deposition, and Soil Moisture
journal, October 2019
- Guo, Jianping; Xu, Hui; Liu, Lin
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 19
Aerosol-induced intensification of cooling effect of clouds during Indian summer monsoon
journal, September 2018
- Sarangi, Chandan; Kanawade, Vijay P.; Tripathi, Sachchida N.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Growth in mid-monsoon dry phases over the Indian region: prevailing influence of anthropogenic aerosols
journal, January 2019
- Chakraborty, Rohit; Guha, Bijay Kumar; Talukdar, Shamitaksha
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 19
Relationship between Asian monsoon strength and transport of surface aerosols to the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL): interannual variability and decadal changes
journal, January 2019
- Yuan, Cheng; Lau, William K. M.; Li, Zhanqing
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 3
The CAMS reanalysis of atmospheric composition
journal, January 2019
- Inness, Antje; Ades, Melanie; Agustí-Panareda, Anna
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 6
Developing and diagnosing climate change indicators of regional aerosol optical properties
journal, December 2017
- Sullivan, Ryan C.; Levy, Robert C.; da Silva, Arlindo M.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
On the connection between remote dust aerosol and Indian summer monsoon
journal, September 2018
- Kumar, Siddharth; Arora, Anika
- Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Vol. 137, Issue 1-2
Toward Improving Short‐Term Predictions of Fine Particulate Matter Over the United States Via Assimilation of Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals
journal, March 2019
- Kumar, Rajesh; Delle Monache, Luca; Bresch, Jamie
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 5
Observations of the Interaction and Transport of Fine Mode Aerosols With Cloud and/or Fog in Northeast Asia From Aerosol Robotic Network and Satellite Remote Sensing
journal, May 2018
- Eck, T. F.; Holben, B. N.; Reid, J. S.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 10
Quantifying the Impacts of Cold Airmass on Aerosol Concentrations Over North China Using Isentropic Analysis
journal, July 2019
- Liu, Qian; Chen, Guixing; Iwasaki, Toshiki
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
The North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystem Study (NAAMES): Science Motive and Mission Overview
journal, March 2019
- Behrenfeld, Michael J.; Moore, Richard H.; Hostetler, Chris A.
- Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol. 6
A Geostationary Instrument Simulator for Aerosol Observing System Simulation Experiments
journal, December 2018
- Castellanos, Patricia; da Silva, Arlindo; Darmenov, Anton
- Atmosphere, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Assessing the impact of observations in a multi‐year reanalysis
journal, December 2019
- Diniz, Fábio L. R.; Todling, Ricardo
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 146, Issue 727
Interannual Variability and Seasonal Predictability of Wind and Solar Resources
journal, July 2017
- Krakauer, Nir; Cohan, Daniel
- Resources, Vol. 6, Issue 3
A Relationship Between Blue and Near‐IR Global Spectral Reflectance and the Response of Global Average Reflectance to Change in Cloud Cover Observed From EPIC
journal, August 2019
- Wen, Guoyong; Marshak, Alexander; Song, Wanjuan
- Earth and Space Science, Vol. 6, Issue 8
Exploring systematic offsets between aerosol products from the two MODIS sensors
collection, January 2018
- Levy, Robert C.; Mattoo, Shana; Sawyer, Virginia
- Copernicus Publications