Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation

Srinivasan, Shweta; Kholod, Nazar; Chaturvedi, Vaibhav; Ghosh, Probal Pratap; Mathur, Ritu; Clarke, Leon; Evans, Meredydd; Hejazi, Mohamad; Kanudia, Amit; Koti, Poonam Nagar; Liu, Bo; Parikh, Kirit S.; Ali, Mohd. Sahil; Sharma, Kabir

doi:10.1016/J.APENERGY.2017.04.079

Title: Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation

Abstract

This paper provides projections of water withdrawals and consumption for electricity generation in India through 2050. Based on the results from five energy-economic modeling teams, the paper explores the implications of economic growth, power plant cooling policies, and electricity CO₂ emissions reductions on water withdrawals and consumption. To understand how different modeling approaches derive different results for energy-water interactions, the five teams used harmonized assumptions regarding economic and population growth, the distribution of power plants by cooling technologies, and withdrawals and consumption intensities. The multi-model study provides robust results regarding the different but potentially complementary implications of cooling technology policies and efforts to reduce CO₂ emissions. The water implications of CO₂ emissions reductions depend critically on the approach to these reductions. Focusing on wind and solar power reduces consumption and withdrawals, a focus on nuclear power increases both, and a focus on hydroelectric power could increase consumptive losses through evaporation. Policies focused specifically on cooling water can have substantial and complementary impacts.

Authors:

Srinivasan, Shweta ^[1];

^[2]; Chaturvedi, Vaibhav ^[3]; Ghosh, Probal Pratap ^[4]; Mathur, Ritu ^[5]; Clarke, Leon ^[2]; Evans, Meredydd ^[2]; Hejazi, Mohamad ^[2]; Kanudia, Amit ^[1]; Koti, Poonam Nagar ^[3]; Liu, Bo ^[2]; Parikh, Kirit S. ^[4]; Ali, Mohd. Sahil ^[1]; Sharma, Kabir ^[5]

Centre for Study of Science, Technology, and Policy, Bangalore (India)
Joint Global Change Research Inst., College Park, MD (United States)
Council on Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi (India)
Integrated Research and Action for Development, New Delhi (India)
The Energy and Resources Inst., New Delhi (India)

Publication Date:: Fri May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1364388

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1550029

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-122615
Journal ID: ISSN 0306-2619; PII: S0306261917304725

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Energy

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 210; Journal ID: ISSN 0306-2619

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY; India; electricity generation; water withdrawals; water consumption; emissions

Citation Formats


                    Srinivasan, Shweta, Kholod, Nazar, Chaturvedi, Vaibhav, Ghosh, Probal Pratap, Mathur, Ritu, Clarke, Leon, Evans, Meredydd, Hejazi, Mohamad, Kanudia, Amit, Koti, Poonam Nagar, Liu, Bo, Parikh, Kirit S., Ali, Mohd. Sahil, and Sharma, Kabir. Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/J.APENERGY.2017.04.079.

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                    Srinivasan, Shweta, Kholod, Nazar, Chaturvedi, Vaibhav, Ghosh, Probal Pratap, Mathur, Ritu, Clarke, Leon, Evans, Meredydd, Hejazi, Mohamad, Kanudia, Amit, Koti, Poonam Nagar, Liu, Bo, Parikh, Kirit S., Ali, Mohd. Sahil, & Sharma, Kabir. Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2017.04.079

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                    Srinivasan, Shweta, Kholod, Nazar, Chaturvedi, Vaibhav, Ghosh, Probal Pratap, Mathur, Ritu, Clarke, Leon, Evans, Meredydd, Hejazi, Mohamad, Kanudia, Amit, Koti, Poonam Nagar, Liu, Bo, Parikh, Kirit S., Ali, Mohd. Sahil, and Sharma, Kabir. Fri .  
"Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2017.04.079.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1364388.

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@article{osti_1364388,

  title        = {Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation},

  author       = {Srinivasan, Shweta and Kholod, Nazar and Chaturvedi, Vaibhav and Ghosh, Probal Pratap and Mathur, Ritu and Clarke, Leon and Evans, Meredydd and Hejazi, Mohamad and Kanudia, Amit and Koti, Poonam Nagar and Liu, Bo and Parikh, Kirit S. and Ali, Mohd. Sahil and Sharma, Kabir},

  abstractNote = {This paper provides projections of water withdrawals and consumption for electricity generation in India through 2050. Based on the results from five energy-economic modeling teams, the paper explores the implications of economic growth, power plant cooling policies, and electricity CO2 emissions reductions on water withdrawals and consumption. To understand how different modeling approaches derive different results for energy-water interactions, the five teams used harmonized assumptions regarding economic and population growth, the distribution of power plants by cooling technologies, and withdrawals and consumption intensities. The multi-model study provides robust results regarding the different but potentially complementary implications of cooling technology policies and efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. The water implications of CO2 emissions reductions depend critically on the approach to these reductions. Focusing on wind and solar power reduces consumption and withdrawals, a focus on nuclear power increases both, and a focus on hydroelectric power could increase consumptive losses through evaporation. Policies focused specifically on cooling water can have substantial and complementary impacts.},

  doi          = {10.1016/J.APENERGY.2017.04.079},

  journal      = {Applied Energy},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 210,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Fri May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Title: Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation

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Transitioning to zero freshwater withdrawal in the U.S. for thermoelectric generation
journal, October 2014

Life-cycle uses of water in U.S. electricity generation
journal, September 2010

Is there a water–energy nexus in electricity generation? Long-term scenarios for the western United States
journal, August 2013

Energy–water nexus of international energy trade of China
journal, May 2017

Energy and water nexus in power generation: The surprisingly high amount of industrial water use induced by solar power infrastructure in China
journal, June 2017

Life Cycle Water Use of Energy Production and Its Environmental Impacts in China
journal, November 2013

Energy’s Thirst for Water in China
journal, October 2014

China’s energy-water nexus: Assessing water conservation synergies of the total coal consumption cap strategy until 2050
journal, January 2018

Water use in China’s thermoelectric power sector
journal, November 2016

The energy and water nexus in Chinese electricity production: A hybrid life cycle analysis
journal, November 2014

The water–energy nexus in Middle East and North Africa
journal, August 2011

A multi-criteria model analysis framework for assessing integrated water-energy system transformation pathways
journal, January 2018

The water-energy-climate nexus: Resources and policy outlook for aquifers in Mexico: WATER-ENERGY-CLIMATE NEXUS
journal, June 2011

Evaluation of Spain's Water-Energy Nexus
journal, March 2012

Energy sector water use implications of a 2 °C climate policy
journal, March 2016

Influence of climate change mitigation technology on global demands of water for electricity generation
journal, March 2013

Sustainability and Energy Development: Influences of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Options on Water Use in Energy Production
journal, March 2012

Long-term global water projections using six socioeconomic scenarios in an integrated assessment modeling framework
journal, January 2014

Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century under multiple climate change mitigation policies
journal, January 2014

Energy consumption for water use cycles in different countries: A review
journal, September 2016

Life cycle water use for electricity generation: a review and harmonization of literature estimates
journal, March 2013

Energy technology alternatives for India till 2030
journal, September 2009

Rapid Economic Growth in India: Technical Change in Agriculture, Irrigation and Food Security
journal, March 2016

Modelling long-term HFC emissions from India's residential air-conditioning sector: exploring implications of alternative refrigerants, best practices, and a sustainable lifestyle within an integrated assessment modelling framework
journal, June 2015

Long term building energy demand for India: Disaggregating end use energy services in an integrated assessment modeling framework
journal, January 2014

Role of energy efficiency in climate change mitigation policy for India: assessment of co-benefits and opportunities within an integrated assessment modeling framework
journal, September 2013

Low carbon and clean energy scenarios for India: Analysis of targets approach
journal, December 2012

Sustainable energy transformations in India under climate policy: Sustainable Energy Transformations in India under Climate Policy
journal, March 2011

Balancing global water availability and use at basin scale in an integrated assessment model
journal, January 2016

An integrated assessment of global and regional water demands for electricity generation to 2095
journal, February 2013

Water consumption from hydropower plants – review of published estimates and an assessment of the concept
journal, January 2013

Operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity generating technologies: a review of existing literature
journal, December 2012

Regional energy system variation in global models: Results from the Asian Modeling Exercise scenarios
journal, December 2012

What are the starting points? Evaluating base-year assumptions in the Asian Modeling Exercise
journal, December 2012

Technology and U.S. Emissions Reductions Goals: Results of the EMF 24 Modeling Exercise
journal, September 2014

Electricity generation and cooling water use: UK pathways to 2050
journal, March 2014

Not all low-carbon energy pathways are environmentally “no-regrets” options
journal, November 2015

Impacts on water consumption of power sector in major emitting economies under INDC and longer term mitigation scenarios: An input-output based hybrid approach
journal, December 2016

Evaluation of Future Water Use for Electricity Generation under Different Energy Development Scenarios in China
journal, December 2017

Water–energy sustainability synergies and health benefits as means to motivate potable reuse of coalbed methane-produced waters
journal, September 2018

Robust climate change research: a review on multi-model analysis
journal, February 2019

Regional responses to future, demand-driven water scarcity
journal, August 2018

A review status on alternative arrangements of power generation energy resources and reserve in India
journal, December 2019

Life cycle assessment of run-of-river hydropower plants in the Peruvian Andes: a policy support perspective
journal, January 2019