Spacetime dynamics of a Higgs vacuum instability during inflation

East, William E.; Kearney, John; Shakya, Bibhushan; Yoo, Hojin; Zurek, Kathryn M.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.023526

Title: Spacetime dynamics of a Higgs vacuum instability during inflation

Abstract

A remarkable prediction of the Standard Model is that, in the absence of corrections lifting the energy density, the Higgs potential becomes negative at large field values. If the Higgs field samples this part of the potential during inflation, the negative energy density may locally destabilize the spacetime. Here, we use numerical simulations of the Einstein equations to study the evolution of inflation-induced Higgs fluctuations as they grow towards the true (negative-energy) minimum. Our simulations show that forming a single patch of true vacuum in our past light cone during inflation is incompatible with the existence of our Universe; the boundary of the true vacuum region grows outward in a causally disconnected manner from the crunching interior, which forms a black hole. We also find that these black hole horizons may be arbitrarily elongated—even forming black strings—in violation of the hoop conjecture. Furthermore, by extending the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation to the exponentially suppressed tails of the field distribution at large field values, we derive a rigorous correlation between a future measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the scale at which the Higgs potential must receive stabilizing corrections in order for the Universe to have survived inflation untilmore » today.« less

Authors:

East, William E. ^[1]; Kearney, John ^[2]; Shakya, Bibhushan ^[3]; Yoo, Hojin ^[4]; Zurek, Kathryn M. ^[4]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States). Theoretical Physics Dept.
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Bekeley Center for Theoretical Physics

Publication Date:: Tue Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1362066

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1341933

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-16-250-T; MCTP-16-15; arXiv:1607.00381
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; 1473616

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359; SC0007859; SC0011719; AC02-05CH11231; PHY-1066293; AC02-07CH1135

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 95; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    East, William E., Kearney, John, Shakya, Bibhushan, Yoo, Hojin, and Zurek, Kathryn M. Spacetime dynamics of a Higgs vacuum instability during inflation.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.023526.

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                    East, William E., Kearney, John, Shakya, Bibhushan, Yoo, Hojin, & Zurek, Kathryn M. Spacetime dynamics of a Higgs vacuum instability during inflation.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.023526

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                    East, William E., Kearney, John, Shakya, Bibhushan, Yoo, Hojin, and Zurek, Kathryn M. Tue .  
"Spacetime dynamics of a Higgs vacuum instability during inflation".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.023526.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1362066.

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@article{osti_1362066,

  title        = {Spacetime dynamics of a Higgs vacuum instability during inflation},

  author       = {East, William E. and Kearney, John and Shakya, Bibhushan and Yoo, Hojin and Zurek, Kathryn M.},

  abstractNote = {A remarkable prediction of the Standard Model is that, in the absence of corrections lifting the energy density, the Higgs potential becomes negative at large field values. If the Higgs field samples this part of the potential during inflation, the negative energy density may locally destabilize the spacetime. Here, we use numerical simulations of the Einstein equations to study the evolution of inflation-induced Higgs fluctuations as they grow towards the true (negative-energy) minimum. Our simulations show that forming a single patch of true vacuum in our past light cone during inflation is incompatible with the existence of our Universe; the boundary of the true vacuum region grows outward in a causally disconnected manner from the crunching interior, which forms a black hole. We also find that these black hole horizons may be arbitrarily elongated—even forming black strings—in violation of the hoop conjecture. Furthermore, by extending the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation to the exponentially suppressed tails of the field distribution at large field values, we derive a rigorous correlation between a future measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the scale at which the Higgs potential must receive stabilizing corrections in order for the Universe to have survived inflation until today.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.95.023526},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 95,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Tue Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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Title: Spacetime dynamics of a Higgs vacuum instability during inflation

Abstract

Citation Formats

Higgs dynamics during inflation journal, July 2014

Fate of electroweak vacuum during preheating journal, October 2016

Spacetime Curvature and the Higgs Stability During Inflation journal, November 2014

Equilibrium state of a self-interacting scalar field in the de Sitter background journal, November 1994

On the metastability of the Standard Model vacuum journal, August 2001

Higgs boson mass and new physics journal, October 2012

Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in p p Collisions at s = 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments journal, May 2015

On stability of electroweak vacuum during inflation journal, June 2015

Preheating in the standard model with the Higgs inflaton coupled to gravity journal, March 2009

Higgs and dark matter hints of an oasis in the desert journal, July 2012

Lower limit on the Higgs mass in the standard model: An update journal, October 1994

Precise vacuum stability bound in the standard model journal, November 1993

Improved Constraints on Cosmology and Foregrounds from BICEP2 and Keck Array Cosmic Microwave Background Data with Inclusion of 95 GHz Band journal, January 2016

Inflationary cosmology and the standard model Higgs with a small Hubble-induced mass journal, March 2015

Electroweak vacuum (in)stability in an inflationary universe journal, May 2013

Escaping the crunch: Gravitational effects in classical transitions journal, September 2010

Probable or improbable universe? Correlating electroweak vacuum instability with the scale of inflation journal, January 2015

Higgs vacuum metastability in primordial inflation, preheating, and reheating journal, November 2016

Cosmological implications of the Higgs mass measurement journal, May 2008

The probable fate of the Standard Model journal, August 2009

Electroweak Higgs potential and vacuum stability journal, August 1989

Improved Higgs mass stability bound in the standard model and implications for supersymmetry journal, January 1995

Higgs mass and vacuum stability in the Standard Model at NNLO journal, August 2012

Supercooled phase transitions in the very early universe journal, March 1982

Non-Abelian dynamics in the resonant decay of the Higgs after inflation journal, October 2014

Measurement of the top quark mass in the t t ¯ → dilepton channel from s = 8 TeV ATLAS data journal, October 2016

Thermal derivation of the Coleman-De Luccia tunneling prescription journal, September 2007

Electroweak vacuum stabilized by moduli during/after inflation journal, October 2016

Higgs mass implications on the stability of the electroweak vacuum journal, March 2012

Beginning inflation in an inhomogeneous universe journal, September 2016

Colliding with a crunching bubble journal, May 2007

Detecting primordial B -modes after Planck journal, November 2015

Electroweak Vacuum Stability in Light of BICEP2 journal, May 2014

Spacetime Curvature and Higgs Stability after Inflation journal, December 2015

Top Mass Measurements from Jets and the Tevatron Top-Quark Mass journal, December 2008

Generation of the Higgs condensate and its decay after inflation journal, October 2013

Three dimensional black holes and cylindrical general relativity journal, June 1995

Gravitational corrections to standard model vacuum decay journal, January 2008

The charged inflaton and its gauge fields: preheating and initial conditions for reheating journal, June 2016

Numerical relativity using a generalized harmonic decomposition journal, January 2005

Stochastic approach to tunneling and baby universe formation journal, March 1992

Metastable electroweak vacuum: Implications for inflation journal, February 2013

Higgs–inflaton coupling from reheating and the metastable Universe journal, February 2016

Lattice calculation of the decay of primordial Higgs condensate journal, February 2016

Gravitational effects on and of vacuum decay journal, June 1980

How long before the end of inflation were observable perturbations produced? journal, November 2003

The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time book, January 2010

Investigating the near-criticality of the Higgs boson journal, December 2013

Measurement of the top quark mass using proton-proton data at ( s ) = 7 and 8 TeV journal, April 2016

Topological phases of eternal inflation journal, June 2010

Decay of the standard model Higgs field after inflation journal, October 2015

Simulating extreme-mass-ratio systems in full general relativity journal, May 2013

Is a Higgs vacuum instability fatal for high-scale inflation? journal, June 2015

Gravitational collapse to toroidal, cylindrical, and planar black holes journal, April 1998

The cosmological Higgstory of the vacuum instability journal, September 2015

Generation of fluctuations during inflation: Comparison of stochastic and field-theoretic approaches journal, February 2009

General laws of black-hole dynamics journal, June 1994

Early Universe Higgs dynamics in the presence of the Higgs-inflaton and non-minimal Higgs-gravity couplings journal, June 2017

A cosmological signature of the SM Higgs instability: gravitational waves journal, September 2018

Implications of the detection of primordial gravitational waves for the Standard Model journal, May 2019

Conditions for (no) eternal inflation journal, August 2019

Pseudo-Goldstone dark matter confronts cosmic ray and collider anomalies journal, August 2019

On the catalysis of the electroweak vacuum decay by black holes at high temperature journal, April 2018

Scalar dark matter probes the scale of nonlocality journal, August 2019

Cosmological Aspects of Higgs Vacuum Metastability journal, December 2018

False Vacuum Decay Catalyzed by Black Holes text, January 2017

A Cosmological Signature of the Standard Model Higgs Vacuum Instability: Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter text, January 2017

Decay Rate of Electroweak Vacuum in the Standard Model and Beyond text, January 2018

A Cosmological Signature of the SM Higgs Instability: Gravitational Waves text, January 2018

Scalar Dark Matter Probes the Scale of Non-locality text, January 2018

Preheating in Full General Relativity text, January 2019

Higgs dynamics during inflation
journal, July 2014

Fate of electroweak vacuum during preheating
journal, October 2016

Spacetime Curvature and the Higgs Stability During Inflation
journal, November 2014

Equilibrium state of a self-interacting scalar field in the de Sitter background
journal, November 1994

On the metastability of the Standard Model vacuum
journal, August 2001

Higgs boson mass and new physics
journal, October 2012

Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in $p p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments
journal, May 2015

On stability of electroweak vacuum during inflation
journal, June 2015

Preheating in the standard model with the Higgs inflaton coupled to gravity
journal, March 2009

Higgs and dark matter hints of an oasis in the desert
journal, July 2012

Lower limit on the Higgs mass in the standard model: An update
journal, October 1994

Precise vacuum stability bound in the standard model
journal, November 1993

Improved Constraints on Cosmology and Foregrounds from BICEP2 and Keck Array Cosmic Microwave Background Data with Inclusion of 95 GHz Band
journal, January 2016

Inflationary cosmology and the standard model Higgs with a small Hubble-induced mass
journal, March 2015

Electroweak vacuum (in)stability in an inflationary universe
journal, May 2013

Escaping the crunch: Gravitational effects in classical transitions
journal, September 2010

Probable or improbable universe? Correlating electroweak vacuum instability with the scale of inflation
journal, January 2015

Higgs vacuum metastability in primordial inflation, preheating, and reheating
journal, November 2016

Cosmological implications of the Higgs mass measurement
journal, May 2008

The probable fate of the Standard Model
journal, August 2009

Electroweak Higgs potential and vacuum stability
journal, August 1989

Improved Higgs mass stability bound in the standard model and implications for supersymmetry
journal, January 1995

Higgs mass and vacuum stability in the Standard Model at NNLO
journal, August 2012

Supercooled phase transitions in the very early universe
journal, March 1982

Non-Abelian dynamics in the resonant decay of the Higgs after inflation
journal, October 2014

Measurement of the top quark mass in the $t \bar{t} \to dilepton$ channel from $\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV$ ATLAS data
journal, October 2016

Thermal derivation of the Coleman-De Luccia tunneling prescription
journal, September 2007

Electroweak vacuum stabilized by moduli during/after inflation
journal, October 2016

Higgs mass implications on the stability of the electroweak vacuum
journal, March 2012

Beginning inflation in an inhomogeneous universe
journal, September 2016

Colliding with a crunching bubble
journal, May 2007

Detecting primordial B -modes after Planck
journal, November 2015

Electroweak Vacuum Stability in Light of BICEP2
journal, May 2014

Spacetime Curvature and Higgs Stability after Inflation
journal, December 2015

Top Mass Measurements from Jets and the Tevatron Top-Quark Mass
journal, December 2008

Generation of the Higgs condensate and its decay after inflation
journal, October 2013

Three dimensional black holes and cylindrical general relativity
journal, June 1995

Gravitational corrections to standard model vacuum decay
journal, January 2008

The charged inflaton and its gauge fields: preheating and initial conditions for reheating
journal, June 2016

Numerical relativity using a generalized harmonic decomposition
journal, January 2005

Stochastic approach to tunneling and baby universe formation
journal, March 1992

Metastable electroweak vacuum: Implications for inflation
journal, February 2013

Higgs–inflaton coupling from reheating and the metastable Universe
journal, February 2016

Lattice calculation of the decay of primordial Higgs condensate
journal, February 2016

Gravitational effects on and of vacuum decay
journal, June 1980

How long before the end of inflation were observable perturbations produced?
journal, November 2003

The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time
book, January 2010

Investigating the near-criticality of the Higgs boson
journal, December 2013

Measurement of the top quark mass using proton-proton data at $\sqrt{(} s) = 7$ and 8 TeV
journal, April 2016

Topological phases of eternal inflation
journal, June 2010

Decay of the standard model Higgs field after inflation
journal, October 2015

Simulating extreme-mass-ratio systems in full general relativity
journal, May 2013

Is a Higgs vacuum instability fatal for high-scale inflation?
journal, June 2015

Gravitational collapse to toroidal, cylindrical, and planar black holes
journal, April 1998

The cosmological Higgstory of the vacuum instability
journal, September 2015

Generation of fluctuations during inflation: Comparison of stochastic and field-theoretic approaches
journal, February 2009

General laws of black-hole dynamics
journal, June 1994

Early Universe Higgs dynamics in the presence of the Higgs-inflaton and non-minimal Higgs-gravity couplings
journal, June 2017

A cosmological signature of the SM Higgs instability: gravitational waves
journal, September 2018

Implications of the detection of primordial gravitational waves for the Standard Model
journal, May 2019

Conditions for (no) eternal inflation
journal, August 2019

Pseudo-Goldstone dark matter confronts cosmic ray and collider anomalies
journal, August 2019

On the catalysis of the electroweak vacuum decay by black holes at high temperature
journal, April 2018

Scalar dark matter probes the scale of nonlocality
journal, August 2019

Cosmological Aspects of Higgs Vacuum Metastability
journal, December 2018

False Vacuum Decay Catalyzed by Black Holes
text, January 2017

A Cosmological Signature of the Standard Model Higgs Vacuum Instability: Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter
text, January 2017

Decay Rate of Electroweak Vacuum in the Standard Model and Beyond
text, January 2018

A Cosmological Signature of the SM Higgs Instability: Gravitational Waves
text, January 2018

Scalar Dark Matter Probes the Scale of Non-locality
text, January 2018

Preheating in Full General Relativity
text, January 2019