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Title: Fermi LAT Observations of the Supernova Remnant W28 (G6.4-0.1)

Abstract

Here, we present detailed analysis of two gamma-ray sources, 1FGL J1801.3–2322c and 1FGL J1800.5–2359c, that have been found toward the supernova remnant (SNR) W28 with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. 1FGL J1801.3–2322c is found to be an extended source within the boundary of SNR W28, and to extensively overlap with the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1801–233, which is associated with a dense molecular cloud interacting with the SNR. The gamma-ray spectrum measured with the LAT from 0.2 to 100 GeV can be described by a broken power-law function with a break at ~1 GeV and photon indices of 2.09 ± 0.08 (stat) ± 0.28 (sys) below the break and 2.74 ± 0.06 (stat) ± 0.09 (sys) above the break. Given the clear association between HESS J1801–233 and the shocked molecular cloud and a smoothly connected spectrum in the GeV-TeV band, we consider the origin of the gamma-ray emission in both GeV and TeV ranges to be the interaction between particles accelerated in the SNR and the molecular cloud. The decay of neutral pions produced in interactions between accelerated hadrons and dense molecular gas provides a reasonable explanation for the broadband gamma-ray spectrum. 1FGLmore » J1800.5–2359c, located outside the southern boundary of SNR W28, cannot be resolved. An upper limit on the size of the gamma-ray emission was estimated to be ~16' using events above ~2 GeV under the assumption of a circular shape with uniform surface brightness. It appears to coincide with the TeV source HESS J1800–240B, which is considered to be associated with a dense molecular cloud that contains the ultra compact H II region W28A2 (G5.89–0.39). In conclusion, we found no significant gamma-ray emission in the LAT energy band at the positions of TeV sources HESS J1800–230A and HESS J1800–230C. The LAT data for HESS J1800–230A combined with the TeV data points indicate a spectral break between 10 GeV and 100 GeV.« less

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Contributing Org.:
The Fermi LAT Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1357544
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 718; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; gamma rays ISM; ISM individual objects (W28, G6.4−0.1); ISM: supernova remnants

Citation Formats

Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Çelik, Ö., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Garde, M. Llena, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Rodriguez, A. Y., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Uchiyama, Y., Uehara, T., Usher, T. L., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yamamoto, H., Yamazaki, R., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M. Fermi LAT Observations of the Supernova Remnant W28 (G6.4-0.1). United States: N. p., 2010. Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/348.
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Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Çelik, Ö., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Garde, M. Llena, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Rodriguez, A. Y., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Uchiyama, Y., Uehara, T., Usher, T. L., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yamamoto, H., Yamazaki, R., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., & Ziegler, M. Fermi LAT Observations of the Supernova Remnant W28 (G6.4-0.1). United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/348
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Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Çelik, Ö., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Garde, M. Llena, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Rodriguez, A. Y., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Uchiyama, Y., Uehara, T., Usher, T. L., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yamamoto, H., Yamazaki, R., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M. Wed . "Fermi LAT Observations of the Supernova Remnant W28 (G6.4-0.1)". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/348. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1357544.
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@article{osti_1357544,
title = {Fermi LAT Observations of the Supernova Remnant W28 (G6.4-0.1)},
author = {Abdo, A. A. and Ackermann, M. and Ajello, M. and Allafort, A. and Baldini, L. and Ballet, J. and Barbiellini, G. and Bastieri, D. and Bechtol, K. and Bellazzini, R. and Berenji, B. and Blandford, R. D. and Bloom, E. D. and Bonamente, E. and Borgland, A. W. and Bouvier, A. and Brandt, T. J. and Bregeon, J. and Brigida, M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Buson, S. and Caliandro, G. A. and Cameron, R. A. and Caraveo, P. A. and Carrigan, S. and Casandjian, J. M. and Cecchi, C. and Çelik, Ö. and Chekhtman, A. and Chiang, J. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R. and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and Conrad, J. and Dermer, C. D. and de Palma, F. and do Couto e Silva, E. and Drell, P. S. and Dubois, R. and Dumora, D. and Farnier, C. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S. J. and Fukazawa, Y. and Fukui, Y. and Funk, S. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Gehrels, N. and Germani, S. and Giglietto, N. and Giordano, F. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grenier, I. A. and Grove, J. E. and Guiriec, S. and Hadasch, D. and Hanabata, Y. and Harding, A. K. and Hays, E. and Horan, D. and Hughes, R. E. and Jóhannesson, G. and Johnson, A. S. and Johnson, W. N. and Kamae, T. and Katagiri, H. and Kataoka, J. and Knödlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J. and Latronico, L. and Lee, S. -H. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Garde, M. Llena and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lovellette, M. N. and Lubrano, P. and Makeev, A. and Mazziotta, M. N. and Michelson, P. F. and Mitthumsiri, W. and Mizuno, T. and Moiseev, A. A. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M. E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Murgia, S. and Nakamori, T. and Nolan, P. L. and Norris, J. P. and Nuss, E. and Ohno, M. and Ohsugi, T. and Omodei, N. and Orlando, E. and Ormes, J. F. and Ozaki, M. and Panetta, J. H. and Parent, D. and Pelassa, V. and Pepe, M. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and Piron, F. and Porter, T. A. and Rainò, S. and Rando, R. and Razzano, M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Reposeur, T. and Rodriguez, A. Y. and Roth, M. and Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. and Sander, A. and Parkinson, P. M. Saz and Sgrò, C. and Siskind, E. J. and Smith, D. A. and Smith, P. D. and Spandre, G. and Spinelli, P. and Strickman, M. S. and Suson, D. J. and Tajima, H. and Takahashi, H. and Takahashi, T. and Tanaka, T. and Thayer, J. B. and Thayer, J. G. and Thompson, D. J. and Tibaldo, L. and Tibolla, O. and Torres, D. F. and Tosti, G. and Uchiyama, Y. and Uehara, T. and Usher, T. L. and Vasileiou, V. and Vilchez, N. and Vitale, V. and Waite, A. P. and Wang, P. and Winer, B. L. and Wood, K. S. and Yamamoto, H. and Yamazaki, R. and Yang, Z. and Ylinen, T. and Ziegler, M.},
abstractNote = {Here, we present detailed analysis of two gamma-ray sources, 1FGL J1801.3–2322c and 1FGL J1800.5–2359c, that have been found toward the supernova remnant (SNR) W28 with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. 1FGL J1801.3–2322c is found to be an extended source within the boundary of SNR W28, and to extensively overlap with the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1801–233, which is associated with a dense molecular cloud interacting with the SNR. The gamma-ray spectrum measured with the LAT from 0.2 to 100 GeV can be described by a broken power-law function with a break at ~1 GeV and photon indices of 2.09 ± 0.08 (stat) ± 0.28 (sys) below the break and 2.74 ± 0.06 (stat) ± 0.09 (sys) above the break. Given the clear association between HESS J1801–233 and the shocked molecular cloud and a smoothly connected spectrum in the GeV-TeV band, we consider the origin of the gamma-ray emission in both GeV and TeV ranges to be the interaction between particles accelerated in the SNR and the molecular cloud. The decay of neutral pions produced in interactions between accelerated hadrons and dense molecular gas provides a reasonable explanation for the broadband gamma-ray spectrum. 1FGL J1800.5–2359c, located outside the southern boundary of SNR W28, cannot be resolved. An upper limit on the size of the gamma-ray emission was estimated to be ~16' using events above ~2 GeV under the assumption of a circular shape with uniform surface brightness. It appears to coincide with the TeV source HESS J1800–240B, which is considered to be associated with a dense molecular cloud that contains the ultra compact H II region W28A2 (G5.89–0.39). In conclusion, we found no significant gamma-ray emission in the LAT energy band at the positions of TeV sources HESS J1800–230A and HESS J1800–230C. The LAT data for HESS J1800–230A combined with the TeV data points indicate a spectral break between 10 GeV and 100 GeV.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/348},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
number = 1,
volume = 718,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2010},
month = {Wed Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2010}
}
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Investigation of the Large-scale Neutral Hydrogen near the Supernova Remnant W28
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  • Velázquez, P. F.; Dubner, G. M.; Goss, W. M.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 124, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1086/342936

A dense molecular cloud impacted by the W28 supernova remnant
journal, April 1981

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Supernova remnants: the X-ray perspective
    journal, December 2011

    Observational Signatures of Particle Acceleration in Supernova Remnants
    journal, August 2012

    The origin of galactic cosmic rays
    journal, April 2008

    • Hörandel, Jörg R.
    • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 588, Issue 1-2
    • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2008.01.036

    Probing the cold magnetised Universe with SPICA-POL (B-BOP)
    journal, January 2019

    • André, Ph.; Hughes, A.; Guillet, V.
    • Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Vol. 36
    • DOI: 10.1017/pasa.2019.20

    Time-dependent escape of cosmic rays from supernova remnants, and their interaction with dense media
    journal, May 2012

    The supernova remnant W44: Confirmations and challenges for cosmic-ray acceleration
    journal, May 2014

    The supernova remnant W49B as seen with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT
    journal, April 2018

    Cosmic-ray propagation in the bi-stable interstellar medium: I. Conditions for cosmic-ray trapping
    journal, February 2019

    Recombining Plasma in the Gamma-Ray-Emitting Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant 3c 391
    journal, July 2014

    FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SECOND SOURCE CATALOG
    journal, March 2012

    • Nolan, P. L.; Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.
    • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 199, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/199/2/31

    THE SECOND FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE CATALOG OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS
    journal, September 2013

    • Abdo, A. A.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.
    • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 208, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/17

    FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE THIRD SOURCE CATALOG
    journal, June 2015

    • Acero, F.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
    • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 218, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/218/2/23

    Anisotropic cosmic ray diffusion and gamma-ray production close to supernova remnants, with an application to W28
    journal, December 2012

    • Nava, L.; Gabici, S.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 429, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sts450

    Non-linear diffusion of cosmic rays escaping from supernova remnants – I. The effect of neutrals
    journal, July 2016

    • Nava, L.; Gabici, S.; Marcowith, A.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 461, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw1592

    Numerical simulations of supernova remnants in turbulent molecular clouds
    journal, October 2018

    • Zhang, Dong; Chevalier, Roger A.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2769

    X-Ray Observations of the Supernova Remnant W 28 with Suzaku. I. Spectral Study of the Recombining Plasma
    journal, August 2012

    • Sawada, Makoto; Koyama, Katsuji
    • Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 64, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/64.4.81

    HESS observations of the Carina nebula and its enigmatic colliding wind binary Eta Carinae: HESS observations of the Carina nebula
    journal, June 2012

    On the nature of the TeV emission from the supernova remnant SN 1006: On the nature of the TeV emission from SNR
    journal, September 2012

    Fermi – LARGE AREA TELESCOPE: ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES
    journal, January 2013

    Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from post-adiabatic supernova remnants
    text, January 2020

    Recombining Plasma and Gamma-Ray Emission in the Mixed-morphology Supernova Remnant 3C 400.2
    journal, June 2017

    2FHL J0826.1–4500: Discovery of a Possible Shock–Cloud Interaction on the Western Edge of the Vela Supernova Remnant
    journal, January 2019

    Evolution of High-energy Particle Distribution in Supernova Remnants
    journal, March 2019

    Discovery of Shocked Molecular Clouds Associated with the Shell-type Supernova Remnant RX J0046.5−7308 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
    journal, August 2019

    Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
    journal, March 2020

    • Abdollahi, S.; Acero, F.; Ackermann, M.
    • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 247, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab6bcb

    Observational Signatures of Particle Acceleration in Supernova Remnants
    book, January 2012

    Fermi – LARGE AREA TELESCOPE: ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES
    conference, February 2013

    • Kamae, Tuneyoshi
    • Proceedings of the First LeCosPA Symposium, Towards Ultimate Understanding of the Universe
    • DOI: 10.1142/9789814449373_0022

    The origin of galactic cosmic rays
    journal, June 2014

    The Second Fermi Large area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-Ray Pulsars
    text, January 2013

    • Abdo, A. A.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/desy-2014-00864

    Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
    text, January 2020

    • Abdollahi, S.; Acero, F.; Ackermann, Markus
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2020-01400

    The origin of galactic cosmic rays
    journal, November 2013

    Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from post-adiabatic supernova remnants
    journal, February 2020

    Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
    collection, January 2020

    Supernova remnants: the X-ray perspective
    text, January 2011

    Observational signatures of particle acceleration in supernova remnants
    text, January 2012

    Recombining Plasma in the Gamma-ray Emitting Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant 3C 391
    text, January 2014

    Non-linear diffusion of cosmic rays escaping from supernova remnants - I. The effect of neutrals
    text, January 2016

    The supernova remnant W49B as seen with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT
    text, January 2016

    Evolution of high-energy particle distribution in Supernova Remnants
    text, January 2018

    Probing the cold magnetized Universe with SPICA-POL (B-BOP)
    text, January 2019

    Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from post-adiabatic Supernova remnants
    text, January 2019

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