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Title: Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of two gamma-ray emission components from the quiescent sun

Abstract

Here, we report the detection of high-energy γ-rays from the quiescent Sun with the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (Fermi) during the first 18 months of the mission. These observations correspond to the recent period of low solar activity when the emission induced by cosmic rays (CRs) is brightest. For the first time, the high statistical significance of the observations allows clear separation of the two components: the point-like emission from the solar disk due to CR cascades in the solar atmosphere and extended emission from the inverse Compton (IC) scattering of CR electrons on solar photons in the heliosphere. The observed integral flux (≥100 MeV) from the solar disk is (4.6 ± 0.2[statistical error]+1.0 –0.8[systematic error]) × 10–7 cm–2 s–1, which is ~7 times higher than predicted by the "nominal" model of Seckel et al. In contrast, the observed integral flux (≥100 MeV) of the extended emission from a region of 20° radius centered on the Sun, but excluding the disk itself, (6.8 ± 0.7[stat.]+0.5 – 0.4[syst.]) × 10–7 cm–2 s–1, along with the observed spectrum and the angular profile, is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions for the IC emission.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1357231
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 734; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; astroparticle physics; cosmic rays; gamma rays: general; Sun: atmosphere; Sun: heliosphere; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays

Citation Formats

Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grillo, L., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Iafrate, G., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H., Lionetto, A. M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W., Schalk, T. L., Sgrò, C., Share, G. H., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Strong, A. W., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Vladimirov, A. E., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., and Ziegler, M. Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of two gamma-ray emission components from the quiescent sun. United States: N. p., 2011. Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/734/2/116.
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Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grillo, L., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Iafrate, G., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H., Lionetto, A. M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W., Schalk, T. L., Sgrò, C., Share, G. H., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Strong, A. W., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Vladimirov, A. E., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., & Ziegler, M. Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of two gamma-ray emission components from the quiescent sun. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/734/2/116
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Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grillo, L., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Iafrate, G., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H., Lionetto, A. M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W., Schalk, T. L., Sgrò, C., Share, G. H., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Strong, A. W., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Vladimirov, A. E., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., and Ziegler, M. Mon . "Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of two gamma-ray emission components from the quiescent sun". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/734/2/116. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1357231.
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@article{osti_1357231,
title = {Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of two gamma-ray emission components from the quiescent sun},
author = {Abdo, A. A. and Ackermann, M. and Ajello, M. and Baldini, L. and Ballet, J. and Barbiellini, G. and Bastieri, D. and Bechtol, K. and Bellazzini, R. and Berenji, B. and Bonamente, E. and Borgland, A. W. and Bouvier, A. and Bregeon, J. and Brez, A. and Brigida, M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Buson, S. and Caliandro, G. A. and Cameron, R. A. and Caraveo, P. A. and Casandjian, J. M. and Cecchi, C. and Charles, E. and Chekhtman, A. and Chiang, J. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R. and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and Conrad, J. and Cutini, S. and de Angelis, A. and de Palma, F. and Dermer, C. D. and Digel, S. W. and do Couto e Silva, E. and Drell, P. S. and Dubois, R. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S. J. and Focke, W. B. and Fortin, P. and Frailis, M. and Funk, S. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Gasparrini, D. and Gehrels, N. and Germani, S. and Giglietto, N. and Giordano, F. and Giroletti, M. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grenier, I. A. and Grillo, L. and Guiriec, S. and Hadasch, D. and Hays, E. and Hughes, R. E. and Iafrate, G. and Jóhannesson, G. and Johnson, A. S. and Johnson, T. J. and Kamae, T. and Katagiri, H. and Kataoka, J. and Knödlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J. and Latronico, L. and Lee, S. -H. and Lionetto, A. M. and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lott, B. and Lovellette, M. N. and Lubrano, P. and Makeev, A. and Mazziotta, M. N. and McEnery, J. E. and Mehault, J. and Michelson, P. F. and Mitthumsiri, W. and Mizuno, T. and Moiseev, A. A. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M. E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Murgia, S. and Nakamori, T. and Naumann-Godo, M. and Nolan, P. L. and Norris, J. P. and Nuss, E. and Ohsugi, T. and Okumura, A. and Omodei, N. and Orlando, E. and Ormes, J. F. and Ozaki, M. and Paneque, D. and Pelassa, V. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and Pierbattista, M. and Piron, F. and Porter, T. A. and Rainò, S. and Rando, R. and Razzano, M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Reposeur, T. and Ritz, S. and Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. and Schalk, T. L. and Sgrò, C. and Share, G. H. and Siskind, E. J. and Smith, P. D. and Spandre, G. and Spinelli, P. and Strickman, M. S. and Strong, A. W. and Takahashi, H. and Tanaka, T. and Thayer, J. G. and Thayer, J. B. and Thompson, D. J. and Tibaldo, L. and Torres, D. F. and Tosti, G. and Tramacere, A. and Troja, E. and Uchiyama, Y. and Usher, T. L. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vasileiou, V. and Vianello, G. and Vilchez, N. and Vitale, V. and Vladimirov, A. E. and Waite, A. P. and Wang, P. and Winer, B. L. and Wood, K. S. and Yang, Z. and Ziegler, M.},
abstractNote = {Here, we report the detection of high-energy γ-rays from the quiescent Sun with the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (Fermi) during the first 18 months of the mission. These observations correspond to the recent period of low solar activity when the emission induced by cosmic rays (CRs) is brightest. For the first time, the high statistical significance of the observations allows clear separation of the two components: the point-like emission from the solar disk due to CR cascades in the solar atmosphere and extended emission from the inverse Compton (IC) scattering of CR electrons on solar photons in the heliosphere. The observed integral flux (≥100 MeV) from the solar disk is (4.6 ± 0.2[statistical error]+1.0 –0.8[systematic error]) × 10–7 cm–2 s–1, which is ~7 times higher than predicted by the "nominal" model of Seckel et al. In contrast, the observed integral flux (≥100 MeV) of the extended emission from a region of 20° radius centered on the Sun, but excluding the disk itself, (6.8 ± 0.7[stat.]+0.5 – 0.4[syst.]) × 10–7 cm–2 s–1, along with the observed spectrum and the angular profile, is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions for the IC emission.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/734/2/116},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
number = 2,
volume = 734,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2011},
month = {Mon Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2011}
}
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    journal, March 2012

    • Nolan, P. L.; Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.
    • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 199, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/199/2/31

    Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
    text, January 2020

    • Abdollahi, S.; Acero, F.; Ackermann, Markus
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2020-01400

    Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
    collection, January 2020

    On the expected $\gamma$-ray emission from nearby flaring stars
    text, January 2017

    Neutrinos from cosmic ray interactions in the Sun
    text, January 2017

    Unexpected Dip in the Solar Gamma-Ray Spectrum
    text, January 2018

    Hard and bright gamma-ray emission at the base of the Fermi bubbles
    text, January 2019

    Cosmic-Ray Interactions in the Solar Atmosphere
    text, January 2019

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