Discovery of high-energy and very high energy γ-ray emission from the blazar RBS 0413

Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Böttcher, M.; Bouvier, A.; Bradbury, S. M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Byrum, K.; Cannon, A.; Cesarini, A.; Ciupik, L.; Collins-Hughes, E.; Connolly, M. P.; Coppi, P.; Cui, W.; Decerprit, G.; Dickherber, R.; Dumm, J.; Errando, M.; Falcone, A.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Finnegan, G.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Galante, N.; Gall, D.; Godambe, S.; Griffin, S.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.; Hanna, D.; Hawkins, K.; Holder, J.; Huan, H.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Kaaret, P.; Karlsson, N.; Kertzman, M.; Khassen, Y.; Kieda, D.; Krawczynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Lang, M. J.; Lee, K.; Madhavan, A. S.; Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; McArthur, S.; McCann, A.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; Ong, R. A.; Orr, M.; Otte, A. N.; Palma, N.; Park, N.; Perkins, J. S.; Pichel, A.; Pohl, M.; Prokoph, H.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reyes, L. C.; Reynolds, P. T.; Roache, E.; Rose, H. J.; Ruppel, J.; Saxon, D. B.; Schroedter, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Şentürk, G. D.; Smith, A. W.; Staszak, D.; Telezhinsky, I.; Tešić, G.; Theiling, M.; Thibadeau, S.; Tsurusaki, K.; Varlotta, A.; Vivier, M.; Wakely, S. P.; Ward, J. E.; Weekes, T. C.; Weinstein, A.; Weisgarber, T.; Williams, D. A.; Zitzer, B.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/94

Title: Discovery of high-energy and very high energy γ-ray emission from the blazar RBS 0413

Abstract

Here, we report on the discovery of high-energy (HE; E > 0.1 GeV) and very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-ray emission from the high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object RBS 0413. VERITAS, a ground-based γ-ray observatory, detected VHE γ rays from RBS 0413 with a statistical significance of 5.5 standard deviations (σ) and a γ-ray flux of (1.5 ± 0.6_stat ± 0.7_syst) × 10–8 photons m^–2 s^–1 (~1% of the Crab Nebula flux) above 250 GeV. The observed spectrum can be described by a power law with a photon index of 3.18 ± 0.68_stat ± 0.30_syst. Contemporaneous observations with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected HE γ rays from RBS 0413 with a statistical significance of more than 9σ, a power-law photon index of 1.57 ± 0.12_stat ^+0.11 – 0.12_sys, and a γ-ray flux between 300 MeV and 300 GeV of (1.64 ± 0.43_stat ^+0.31 – 0.22_sys) × 10^–5 photons m^–2 s^–1. We also present the results from Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, including a spectral energy distribution modeling of the γ-ray, quasi-simultaneous X-ray (Swift-XRT), ultraviolet (Swift-UVOT), and R-band optical (MDM) data. We finally find that, if conditions close to equipartition are required, both themore »« less

Authors:: Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Böttcher, M.; Bouvier, A.; Bradbury, S. M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Byrum, K.; Cannon, A.; Cesarini, A.; Ciupik, L.; Collins-Hughes, E.; Connolly, M. P.; Coppi, P.; Cui, W.; Decerprit, G. more »« less

Publication Date:: Wed Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2012

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

Contributing Org.:: Fermi LAT Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1356733

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: The Astrophysical Journal

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 750; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; BL Lacertae objects: individual (RBS 0413-VER J0319+187); gamma rays: galaxies

Citation Formats


                    Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Böttcher, M., Bouvier, A., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Coppi, P., Cui, W., Decerprit, G., Dickherber, R., Dumm, J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Godambe, S., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Hawkins, K., Holder, J., Huan, H., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Lee, K., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Orr, M., Otte, A. N., Palma, N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Ruppel, J., Saxon, D. B., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Şentürk, G. D., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tešić, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Tsurusaki, K., Varlotta, A., Vivier, M., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Fortin, P., and Horan, D. Discovery of high-energy and very high energy γ-ray emission from the blazar RBS 0413.  United States: N. p., 2012. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/94.

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                    Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Böttcher, M., Bouvier, A., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Coppi, P., Cui, W., Decerprit, G., Dickherber, R., Dumm, J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Godambe, S., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Hawkins, K., Holder, J., Huan, H., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Lee, K., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Orr, M., Otte, A. N., Palma, N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Ruppel, J., Saxon, D. B., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Şentürk, G. D., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tešić, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Tsurusaki, K., Varlotta, A., Vivier, M., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Fortin, P., & Horan, D. Discovery of high-energy and very high energy γ-ray emission from the blazar RBS 0413.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/94

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                    Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Böttcher, M., Bouvier, A., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Coppi, P., Cui, W., Decerprit, G., Dickherber, R., Dumm, J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Godambe, S., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Hawkins, K., Holder, J., Huan, H., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Lee, K., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Orr, M., Otte, A. N., Palma, N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Ruppel, J., Saxon, D. B., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Şentürk, G. D., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tešić, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Tsurusaki, K., Varlotta, A., Vivier, M., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Fortin, P., and Horan, D. Wed .  
"Discovery of high-energy and very high energy γ-ray emission from the blazar RBS 0413".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/94.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1356733.

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@article{osti_1356733,

  title        = {Discovery of high-energy and very high energy γ-ray emission from the blazar RBS 0413},

  author       = {Aliu, E. and Archambault, S. and Arlen, T. and Aune, T. and Beilicke, M. and Benbow, W. and Böttcher, M. and Bouvier, A. and Bradbury, S. M. and Buckley, J. H. and Bugaev, V. and Byrum, K. and Cannon, A. and Cesarini, A. and Ciupik, L. and Collins-Hughes, E. and Connolly, M. P. and Coppi, P. and Cui, W. and Decerprit, G. and Dickherber, R. and Dumm, J. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Feng, Q. and Finley, J. P. and Finnegan, G. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Godambe, S. and Griffin, S. and Grube, J. and Gyuk, G. and Hanna, D. and Hawkins, K. and Holder, J. and Huan, H. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Kaaret, P. and Karlsson, N. and Kertzman, M. and Khassen, Y. and Kieda, D. and Krawczynski, H. and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M. J. and Lee, K. and Madhavan, A. S. and Maier, G. and Majumdar, P. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, R. and Ong, R. A. and Orr, M. and Otte, A. N. and Palma, N. and Park, N. and Perkins, J. S. and Pichel, A. and Pohl, M. and Prokoph, H. and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reyes, L. C. and Reynolds, P. T. and Roache, E. and Rose, H. J. and Ruppel, J. and Saxon, D. B. and Schroedter, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Şentürk, G. D. and Smith, A. W. and Staszak, D. and Telezhinsky, I. and Tešić, G. and Theiling, M. and Thibadeau, S. and Tsurusaki, K. and Varlotta, A. and Vivier, M. and Wakely, S. P. and Ward, J. E. and Weekes, T. C. and Weinstein, A. and Weisgarber, T. and Williams, D. A. and Zitzer, B. and Fortin, P. and Horan, D.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we report on the discovery of high-energy (HE; E > 0.1 GeV) and very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-ray emission from the high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object RBS 0413. VERITAS, a ground-based γ-ray observatory, detected VHE γ rays from RBS 0413 with a statistical significance of 5.5 standard deviations (σ) and a γ-ray flux of (1.5 ± 0.6stat ± 0.7syst) × 10–8 photons m–2 s–1 (~1% of the Crab Nebula flux) above 250 GeV. The observed spectrum can be described by a power law with a photon index of 3.18 ± 0.68stat ± 0.30syst. Contemporaneous observations with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected HE γ rays from RBS 0413 with a statistical significance of more than 9σ, a power-law photon index of 1.57 ± 0.12stat +0.11 – 0.12sys, and a γ-ray flux between 300 MeV and 300 GeV of (1.64 ± 0.43stat +0.31 – 0.22sys) × 10–5 photons m–2 s–1. We also present the results from Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, including a spectral energy distribution modeling of the γ-ray, quasi-simultaneous X-ray (Swift-XRT), ultraviolet (Swift-UVOT), and R-band optical (MDM) data. We finally find that, if conditions close to equipartition are required, both the combined synchrotron self-Compton/external-Compton and the lepto-hadronic models are preferred over a pure synchrotron self-Compton model.},

  doi          = {10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/94},

  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 750,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2012},

  month        = {Wed Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2012}

}

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Spectral analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars above 50 GeV
text, January 2015

Domínguez, Alberto; Ajello, Marco
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1510.07913

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Title: Discovery of high-energy and very high energy γ-ray emission from the blazar RBS 0413

Abstract

Citation Formats

Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei journal, June 1995

Evidence for TeV gamma ray emission from Cassiopeia A journal, April 2001

Optical and radio properties of X-ray selected BL Lacertae objects journal, November 1985

The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections journal, September 2005

Model for the High-Energy Emission from Blazars journal, October 1993

The Swift X-Ray Telescope journal, October 2005

The connection between x-ray- and radio-selected BL Lacertae objects journal, May 1995

Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds journal, June 1998

Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT journal, December 2007

No evidence for radio-quiet BL Lacertae objects journal, January 1990

Spectral energy distributions of a large sample of BL Lacertae objects journal, December 2005

A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting blazar 3C 279 journal, September 1992

A Possible Estimate of the Doppler Factors for Blazars journal, December 2007

A new mirror alignment system for the VERITAS telescopes journal, January 2010

On characterizing the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies journal, November 2003

The Swift Gamma‐Ray Burst Mission journal, August 2004

Systematic Search for VHE Gamma‐Ray Emission from X‐Ray–bright High‐Frequency BL Lac Objects journal, July 2008

A theoretical unifying scheme for gamma-ray bright blazars journal, December 1998

The Likelihood Analysis of EGRET Data journal, April 1996

Parameter estimation in astronomy through application of the likelihood ratio journal, March 1979

THE FIRST CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE journal, April 2010

The optical and radio properties of X-ray selected Bl Lacertae Objects book, January 1989

The medium sensitivity survey - A new sample of X-ray sources with optical identifications and the revised extragalactic log N-log S journal, August 1984

The Fermi blazars' divide journal, June 2009

THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF FERMI BRIGHT BLAZARS journal, May 2010

TeV gamma rays from BL Lac objects due to synchrotron radiation of extremely high energy protons journal, November 2000

THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE MISSION journal, May 2009

Modeling the Extragalactic Background Light from Stars and dust journal, February 2010

BL Lac objects in the synchrotron proton blazar model journal, March 2003

THE FIRST SWIFT ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL TELESCOPE GRB AFTERGLOW CATALOG journal, December 2008

Systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emission from X-ray bright high-frequency BL Lac objects text, January 2007

The First Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope GRB Afterglow Catalog text, January 2008

The Fermi blazars divide text, January 2009

A New Mirror Alignment System for the VERITAS Telescopes text, January 2009

The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi bright blazars text, January 2009

The First Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope text, January 2010

BL Lac Objects in the Synchrotron Proton Blazar Model text, January 2002

On characterising the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies text, January 2003

The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections text, January 2005

The Swift X-ray Telescope text, January 2005

Spectroscopy of high-energy BL Lacertae objects with X-shooter on the VLT journal, April 2014

The Imprint of the Extragalactic Background Light in the Gamma-Ray Spectra of Blazars journal, November 2012

SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF FERMI -LAT BLAZARS ABOVE 50 GEV journal, November 2015

GeV-TeV γ $\gamma $ -ray energy spectral break of BL Lac objects journal, August 2018

Extragalactic Background Light from Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Gamma-Ray Attenuation up to the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization and the First Stars journal, April 2013

Extragalactic Background Light from Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Gamma-ray Attenuation up to the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization and the First Stars text, January 2012

First lower limits on the photon-axion-like particle coupling from very high energy gamma-ray observation text, January 2013

The Firm Redshift Lower Limit of the Most Distant TeV-Detected Blazar PKS 1424+240 text, January 2013

The Origin of the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background and Implications for Dark-Matter Annihilation text, January 2015

The extragalactic background light, the Hubble constant, and anomalies: conclusions from 20 years of TeV gamma-ray observations text, January 2015

Spectral analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars above 50 GeV text, January 2015

Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, June 1995

Evidence for TeV gamma ray emission from Cassiopeia A
journal, April 2001

Optical and radio properties of X-ray selected BL Lacertae objects
journal, November 1985

The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
journal, September 2005

Model for the High-Energy Emission from Blazars
journal, October 1993

The Swift X-Ray Telescope
journal, October 2005

The connection between x-ray- and radio-selected BL Lacertae objects
journal, May 1995

Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds
journal, June 1998

Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT
journal, December 2007

No evidence for radio-quiet BL Lacertae objects
journal, January 1990

Spectral energy distributions of a large sample of BL Lacertae objects
journal, December 2005

A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting blazar 3C 279
journal, September 1992

A Possible Estimate of the Doppler Factors for Blazars
journal, December 2007

A new mirror alignment system for the VERITAS telescopes
journal, January 2010

On characterizing the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies
journal, November 2003

The Swift Gamma‐Ray Burst Mission
journal, August 2004

Systematic Search for VHE Gamma‐Ray Emission from X‐Ray–bright High‐Frequency BL Lac Objects
journal, July 2008

A theoretical unifying scheme for gamma-ray bright blazars
journal, December 1998

The Likelihood Analysis of EGRET Data
journal, April 1996

Parameter estimation in astronomy through application of the likelihood ratio
journal, March 1979

THE FIRST CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE
journal, April 2010

The optical and radio properties of X-ray selected Bl Lacertae Objects
book, January 1989

The medium sensitivity survey - A new sample of X-ray sources with optical identifications and the revised extragalactic log N-log S
journal, August 1984

The Fermi blazars' divide
journal, June 2009

THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF FERMI BRIGHT BLAZARS
journal, May 2010

TeV gamma rays from BL Lac objects due to synchrotron radiation of extremely high energy protons
journal, November 2000

THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE MISSION
journal, May 2009

Modeling the Extragalactic Background Light from Stars and dust
journal, February 2010

BL Lac objects in the synchrotron proton blazar model
journal, March 2003

THE FIRST SWIFT ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL TELESCOPE GRB AFTERGLOW CATALOG
journal, December 2008

Systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emission from X-ray bright high-frequency BL Lac objects
text, January 2007

The First Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope GRB Afterglow Catalog
text, January 2008

The Fermi blazars divide
text, January 2009

A New Mirror Alignment System for the VERITAS Telescopes
text, January 2009

The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi bright blazars
text, January 2009

The First Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
text, January 2010

BL Lac Objects in the Synchrotron Proton Blazar Model
text, January 2002

On characterising the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies
text, January 2003

The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
text, January 2005

The Swift X-ray Telescope
text, January 2005

Spectroscopy of high-energy BL Lacertae objects with X-shooter on the VLT
journal, April 2014

The Imprint of the Extragalactic Background Light in the Gamma-Ray Spectra of Blazars
journal, November 2012

SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF FERMI -LAT BLAZARS ABOVE 50 GEV
journal, November 2015

GeV-TeV γ $\gamma $ -ray energy spectral break of BL Lac objects
journal, August 2018

Extragalactic Background Light from Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Gamma-Ray Attenuation up to the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization and the First Stars
journal, April 2013

Extragalactic Background Light from Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Gamma-ray Attenuation up to the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization and the First Stars
text, January 2012

First lower limits on the photon-axion-like particle coupling from very high energy gamma-ray observation
text, January 2013

The Firm Redshift Lower Limit of the Most Distant TeV-Detected Blazar PKS 1424+240
text, January 2013

The Origin of the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background and Implications for Dark-Matter Annihilation
text, January 2015

The extragalactic background light, the Hubble constant, and anomalies: conclusions from 20 years of TeV gamma-ray observations
text, January 2015

Spectral analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars above 50 GeV
text, January 2015