VERITAS Observations of Six Bright, Hard-Spectrum Fermi-LAT Blazars

Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Böttcher, M.; Bouvier, A.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Cesarini, A.; Ciupik, L.; Collins-Hughes, E.; Connolly, M. P.; Cui, W.; Dickherber, R.; Duke, C.; Dumm, J.; Errando, M.; Falcone, A.; Federici, S.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Finnegan, G.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Galante, N.; Gall, D.; Godambe, S.; Griffin, S.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.; Hanna, D.; Holder, J.; Huan, H.; Kaaret, P.; Karlsson, N.; Khassen, Y.; Kieda, D.; Krawczynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Lee, K.; Madhavan, A. S.; Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; McArthur, S.; McCann, A.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; Nelson, T.; de Bhróithe, A. O’Faoláin; Ong, R. A.; Orr, M.; Otte, A. N.; Park, N.; Perkins, J. S.; Pichel, A.; Pohl, M.; Prokoph, H.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reyes, L. C.; Reynolds, P. T.; Roache, E.; Saxon, D. B.; Sembroski, G. H.; Staszak, D.; Telezhinsky, I.; Tešić, G.; Theiling, M.; Thibadeau, S.; Tsurusaki, K.; Varlotta, A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Vincent, S.; Vivier, M.; Wakely, S. P.; Weekes, T. C.; Weinstein, A.; Welsing, R.; Williams, D. A.; Zitzer, B.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.; Fumagalli, M.; Kaplan, K.; Prochaska, J. X.

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/102

Title: VERITAS Observations of Six Bright, Hard-Spectrum Fermi-LAT Blazars

Abstract

In this paper, we report on VERITAS very high energy (VHE; E ≥ 100 GeV) observations of six blazars selected from the Fermi Large Area Telescope First Source Catalog (1FGL). The gamma-ray emission from 1FGL sources was extrapolated up to the VHE band, taking gamma-ray absorption by the extragalactic background light into account. This allowed the selection of six bright, hard-spectrum blazars that were good candidate TeV emitters. Spectroscopic redshift measurements were attempted with the Keck Telescope for the targets without Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic data. No VHE emission is detected during the observations of the six sources described here. Corresponding TeV upper limits are presented, along with contemporaneous Fermi observations and non-concurrent Swift UVOT and X-Ray Telescope data. The blazar broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are assembled and modeled with a single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Finally, the SED built for each of the six blazars shows a synchrotron peak bordering between the intermediate- and high-spectrum-peak classifications, with four of the six resulting in particle-dominated emission regions.

Authors:: Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Böttcher, M.; Bouvier, A.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Cesarini, A.; Ciupik, L.; Collins-Hughes, E.; Connolly, M. P.; Cui, W.; Dickherber, R.; Duke, C.; Dumm, J.; Errando, M.; Falcone, A. more »« less

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2012

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); Smithsonian Institution (United States); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) (Ireland); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (United Kingdom)

Contributing Org.:: The VERITAS Collaboration; Fermi-LAT Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1356665

Grant/Contract Number:: SFI 10/RFP/AST2748

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: The Astrophysical Journal

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 759; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; BL Lacertae objects; gamma rays

Citation Formats


                    Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Böttcher, M., Bouvier, A., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Duke, C., Dumm, J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Godambe, S., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huan, H., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lee, K., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nelson, T., de Bhróithe, A. O’Faoláin, Ong, R. A., Orr, M., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Saxon, D. B., Sembroski, G. H., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tešić, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Tsurusaki, K., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Vivier, M., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Fortin, P., Horan, D., Fumagalli, M., Kaplan, K., and Prochaska, J. X. VERITAS Observations of Six Bright, Hard-Spectrum Fermi-LAT Blazars.  United States: N. p., 2012. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/102.

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                    Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Böttcher, M., Bouvier, A., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Duke, C., Dumm, J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Godambe, S., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huan, H., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lee, K., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nelson, T., de Bhróithe, A. O’Faoláin, Ong, R. A., Orr, M., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Saxon, D. B., Sembroski, G. H., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tešić, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Tsurusaki, K., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Vivier, M., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Fortin, P., Horan, D., Fumagalli, M., Kaplan, K., & Prochaska, J. X. VERITAS Observations of Six Bright, Hard-Spectrum Fermi-LAT Blazars.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/102

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                    Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Böttcher, M., Bouvier, A., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Duke, C., Dumm, J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Godambe, S., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huan, H., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lee, K., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nelson, T., de Bhróithe, A. O’Faoláin, Ong, R. A., Orr, M., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Saxon, D. B., Sembroski, G. H., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tešić, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Tsurusaki, K., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Vivier, M., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Fortin, P., Horan, D., Fumagalli, M., Kaplan, K., and Prochaska, J. X. Thu .  
"VERITAS Observations of Six Bright, Hard-Spectrum Fermi-LAT Blazars".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/102.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1356665.

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@article{osti_1356665,

  title        = {VERITAS Observations of Six Bright, Hard-Spectrum Fermi-LAT Blazars},

  author       = {Aliu, E. and Archambault, S. and Arlen, T. and Aune, T. and Beilicke, M. and Benbow, W. and Böttcher, M. and Bouvier, A. and Buckley, J. H. and Bugaev, V. and Cesarini, A. and Ciupik, L. and Collins-Hughes, E. and Connolly, M. P. and Cui, W. and Dickherber, R. and Duke, C. and Dumm, J. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Federici, S. and Feng, Q. and Finley, J. P. and Finnegan, G. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Godambe, S. and Griffin, S. and Grube, J. and Gyuk, G. and Hanna, D. and Holder, J. and Huan, H. and Kaaret, P. and Karlsson, N. and Khassen, Y. and Kieda, D. and Krawczynski, H. and Krennrich, F. and Lee, K. and Madhavan, A. S. and Maier, G. and Majumdar, P. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, R. and Nelson, T. and de Bhróithe, A. O’Faoláin and Ong, R. A. and Orr, M. and Otte, A. N. and Park, N. and Perkins, J. S. and Pichel, A. and Pohl, M. and Prokoph, H. and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reyes, L. C. and Reynolds, P. T. and Roache, E. and Saxon, D. B. and Sembroski, G. H. and Staszak, D. and Telezhinsky, I. and Tešić, G. and Theiling, M. and Thibadeau, S. and Tsurusaki, K. and Varlotta, A. and Vassiliev, V. V. and Vincent, S. and Vivier, M. and Wakely, S. P. and Weekes, T. C. and Weinstein, A. and Welsing, R. and Williams, D. A. and Zitzer, B. and Fortin, P. and Horan, D. and Fumagalli, M. and Kaplan, K. and Prochaska, J. X.},

  abstractNote = {In this paper, we report on VERITAS very high energy (VHE; E ≥ 100 GeV) observations of six blazars selected from the Fermi Large Area Telescope First Source Catalog (1FGL). The gamma-ray emission from 1FGL sources was extrapolated up to the VHE band, taking gamma-ray absorption by the extragalactic background light into account. This allowed the selection of six bright, hard-spectrum blazars that were good candidate TeV emitters. Spectroscopic redshift measurements were attempted with the Keck Telescope for the targets without Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic data. No VHE emission is detected during the observations of the six sources described here. Corresponding TeV upper limits are presented, along with contemporaneous Fermi observations and non-concurrent Swift UVOT and X-Ray Telescope data. The blazar broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are assembled and modeled with a single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Finally, the SED built for each of the six blazars shows a synchrotron peak bordering between the intermediate- and high-spectrum-peak classifications, with four of the six resulting in particle-dominated emission regions.},

  doi          = {10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/102},

  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 759,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2012},

  month        = {Thu Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2012}

}

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DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/740/2/98

Optical identification of ROSAT-FSC sources
journal, March 2006

Mickaelian, A. M.; Hovhannisyan, L. R.; Engels, D.
Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 449, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20053967

Modeling the April 1997 flare of Mkn 501
conference, January 2000

Mücke, A.
GeV-TeV gamma ray astrophysics workshop, AIP Conference Proceedings
DOI: 10.1063/1.1291360

Spectral energy distributions of a large sample of BL Lacertae objects
journal, December 2005

Nieppola, E.; Tornikoski, M.; Valtaoja, E.
Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 445, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20053316

FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SECOND SOURCE CATALOG
journal, March 2012

Nolan, P. L.; Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.
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The connection between x-ray- and radio-selected BL Lacertae objects
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Padovani, Paolo; Giommi, Paolo
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 444
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Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT
journal, December 2007

Poole, T. S.; Breeveld, A. A.; Page, M. J.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 383, Issue 2
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Observational Gamma-ray Cosmology
conference, January 2005

Primack, Joel R.
HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY: 2nd International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy, AIP Conference Proceedings
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Limits and confidence intervals in the presence of nuisance parameters
journal, October 2005

Rolke, Wolfgang A.; López, Angel M.; Conrad, Jan
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 551, Issue 2-3
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Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds
journal, June 1998

Schlegel, David J.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Davis, Marc
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journal, January 1994

Sikora, Marek; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Rees, Martin J.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 421
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journal, September 1993

Stecker, F. W.; de Jager, O. C.
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TeV gamma rays from 3C 279 - A possible probe of origin and intergalactic infrared radiation fields
journal, May 1992

Stecker, F. W.; de Jager, O. C.; Salamon, M. H.
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Intergalactic Photon Spectra from the Far‐IR to the UV Lyman Limit for 0 < z < 6 and the Optical Depth of the Universe to High‐Energy Gamma Rays
journal, September 2006

Stecker, F. W.; Malkan, M. A.; Scully, S. T.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 648, Issue 2
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Calibration of the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) for the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
journal, May 1993

Thompson, D. J.; Bertsch, D. L.; Fichtel, C. E.
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 86
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ROXA : a new multi-frequency large sample of blazars selected with SDSS and 2dF optical spectroscopy
journal, June 2007

Turriziani, S.; Cavazzuti, E.; Giommi, P.
Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 472, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20077114

VERITAS: the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System
journal, May 2002

Weekes, T. C.; Badran, H.; Biller, S. D.
Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/S0927-6505(01)00152-9

Works referencing / citing this record:

Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
journal, November 2017

Aartsen, M. G.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.
Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 607
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730620

BL LAC CANDIDATES FOR TeV OBSERVATIONS
journal, July 2013

Massaro, F.; Paggi, A.; Errando, M.
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 207, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/207/1/16

Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
text, January 2017

Aartsen, M. G.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2017-12822

BL Lac candidates for TeV observations
text, January 2013

Massaro, F.; Paggi, A.; Errando, M.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1307.8113

Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
text, January 2017

Aartsen, M. G.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1702.06131

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Title: VERITAS Observations of Six Bright, Hard-Spectrum Fermi-LAT Blazars

Abstract

Citation Formats

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FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 090902B: A DISTINCT SPECTRAL COMPONENT IN THE PROMPT AND DELAYED EMISSION journal, November 2009

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Veritas Observations of a very high Energy γ-Ray Flare from the Blazar 3c 66a journal, February 2009

MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF A TeV-FLARE FROM W COMAE journal, November 2009

Discovery of very high Energy Gamma rays from pks 1424+240 and Multiwavelength Constraints on its Redshift journal, December 2009

VERITAS OBSERVATIONS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS DETECTED BY SWIFT journal, November 2011

Discovery of High-Energy and very high Energy γ-Ray Emission from the Blazar rbs 0413 journal, April 2012

A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by γ-rays from blazars journal, April 2006

Constraints on the extremely high-energy cosmic ray accelerators from classical electrodynamics journal, July 2002

Discovery of Very High Energy γ-Ray Emission from the Low-Frequency-peaked BL Lacertae Object BL Lacertae journal, August 2007

VHE γ‐Ray Observation of the Crab Nebula and its Pulsar with the MAGIC Telescope journal, February 2008

Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from a Distant Quasar: How Transparent Is the Universe? journal, June 2008

Identification of a Complete Sample of Northern ROSAT All‐Sky Survey X‐Ray Sources. III. The Catalog journal, August 1998

THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE MISSION journal, May 2009

RBSC‐NVSS Sample. I. Radio and Optical Identifications of a Complete Sample of 1556 Bright X‐Ray Sources journal, August 2000

A new catalog of 53,522 4.85 GHz sources journal, January 1991

On the gamma-ray emission from 3C 279 journal, January 1993

Background modelling in very-high-energy γ -ray astronomy journal, April 2007

Intermediate BL Lac objects journal, August 2001

Modeling the emission processes in blazars journal, April 2007

X‐Ray Spectral Variability Signatures of Flares in BL Lacertae Objects journal, December 2002

The Swift X-Ray Telescope journal, October 2005

Parameter estimation in astronomy through application of the likelihood ratio journal, March 1979

TeV candidate BL Lac objects journal, March 2002

Hadronic Production of [CLC]TeV[/CLC] Gamma-Ray Flares from Blazars journal, March 1997

Extragalactic background light inferred from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions: EBL from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions journal, October 2010

Simultaneous Constraints on the Spectrum of the Extragalactic Background Light and the Intrinsic TeV Spectra of Markarian 421, Markarian 501, and H1426+428 journal, January 2005

On weak Redshift Dependence of Gamma-Ray Spectra of Distant Blazars journal, May 2012

Modeling the Extragalactic Background Light from Stars and dust journal, February 2010

The ROSAT Bright Survey: I. Identification of an AGN sample with hard ROSAT X-ray spectra journal, January 1998

Correcting for the Effects of Interstellar Extinction journal, January 1999

New methods of atmospheric Cherenkov imaging for gamma-ray astronomy. I. The false source method journal, May 1994

A unifying view of the spectral energy distributions of blazars journal, September 1998

Extragalactic optical-infrared background radiation, its time evolution and the cosmic photon-photon opacity journal, June 2008

The Swift Gamma‐Ray Burst Mission journal, August 2004

The blazar sequence: a new perspective journal, July 2008

GeV gamma-ray attenuation and the high-redshift UV background journal, November 2009

Opacity of the Universe to High-Energy Photons journal, March 1967

The Cosmic Infrared Background: Measurements and Implications journal, September 2001

CGRaBS: An All‐Sky Survey of Gamma‐Ray Blazar Candidates journal, March 2008

The first VERITAS telescope journal, July 2006

The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections journal, September 2005

Gamma–hadron separation methods for the VERITAS array of four imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes journal, July 2006

Radio‐loud Active Galaxies in the Northern ROSAT All‐Sky Survey. III. New Spectroscopic Identifications from the RASS–Green Bank BL Lacertae Survey journal, September 1998

The RGB Sample of Intermediate BL Lacertae Objects journal, November 1999

Analysis methods for results in gamma-ray astronomy journal, September 1983

A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting blazar 3C 279 journal, September 1992

The Likelihood Analysis of EGRET Data journal, April 1996

Imaging Redshift Estimates for bl Lacertae Objects journal, February 2010

From the Blazar Sequence to the Blazar Envelope: Revisiting the Relativistic jet Dichotomy in Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei journal, October 2011

Optical identification of ROSAT-FSC sources journal, March 2006

Modeling the April 1997 flare of Mkn 501 conference, January 2000

Spectral energy distributions of a large sample of BL Lacertae objects journal, December 2005

FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SECOND SOURCE CATALOG journal, March 2012

The connection between x-ray- and radio-selected BL Lacertae objects journal, May 1995

Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT journal, December 2007

Observational Gamma-ray Cosmology conference, January 2005

Limits and confidence intervals in the presence of nuisance parameters journal, October 2005

Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds journal, June 1998

Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet: The source of gamma rays from blazars? journal, January 1994

New Upper Limits on Intergalactic Infrared Radiation from High-Energy Astrophysics journal, September 1993

TeV gamma rays from 3C 279 - A possible probe of origin and intergalactic infrared radiation fields journal, May 1992

Intergalactic Photon Spectra from the Far‐IR to the UV Lyman Limit for 0 < z < 6 and the Optical Depth of the Universe to High‐Energy Gamma Rays journal, September 2006

Calibration of the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) for the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory journal, May 1993

ROXA : a new multi-frequency large sample of blazars selected with SDSS and 2dF optical spectroscopy journal, June 2007

VERITAS: the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System journal, May 2002

Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet journal, November 2017

BL LAC CANDIDATES FOR TeV OBSERVATIONS journal, July 2013

Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet text, January 2017

BL Lac candidates for TeV observations text, January 2013

Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet text, January 2017

THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF FERMI BRIGHT BLAZARS
journal, May 2010

FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 090902B: A DISTINCT SPECTRAL COMPONENT IN THE PROMPT AND DELAYED EMISSION
journal, November 2009

FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE FIRST SOURCE CATALOG
journal, May 2010

THE FIRST CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE
journal, April 2010

Multi-Wavelength Observations of the Flaring Gamma-Ray Blazar 3c 66a in 2008 October
journal, December 2010

VERITAS Observations of the γ‐Ray Binary LS I +61 303
journal, June 2008

Veritas Observations of a very high Energy γ-Ray Flare from the Blazar 3c 66a
journal, February 2009

MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF A TeV-FLARE FROM W COMAE
journal, November 2009

Discovery of very high Energy Gamma rays from pks 1424+240 and Multiwavelength Constraints on its Redshift
journal, December 2009

VERITAS OBSERVATIONS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS DETECTED BY SWIFT
journal, November 2011

Discovery of High-Energy and very high Energy γ-Ray Emission from the Blazar rbs 0413
journal, April 2012

A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by γ-rays from blazars
journal, April 2006

Constraints on the extremely high-energy cosmic ray accelerators from classical electrodynamics
journal, July 2002

Discovery of Very High Energy γ-Ray Emission from the Low-Frequency-peaked BL Lacertae Object BL Lacertae
journal, August 2007

VHE γ‐Ray Observation of the Crab Nebula and its Pulsar with the MAGIC Telescope
journal, February 2008

Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from a Distant Quasar: How Transparent Is the Universe?
journal, June 2008

Identification of a Complete Sample of Northern ROSAT All‐Sky Survey X‐Ray Sources. III. The Catalog
journal, August 1998

THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE MISSION
journal, May 2009

RBSC‐NVSS Sample. I. Radio and Optical Identifications of a Complete Sample of 1556 Bright X‐Ray Sources
journal, August 2000

A new catalog of 53,522 4.85 GHz sources
journal, January 1991

On the gamma-ray emission from 3C 279
journal, January 1993

Background modelling in very-high-energy γ -ray astronomy
journal, April 2007

Intermediate BL Lac objects
journal, August 2001

Modeling the emission processes in blazars
journal, April 2007

X‐Ray Spectral Variability Signatures of Flares in BL Lacertae Objects
journal, December 2002

The Swift X-Ray Telescope
journal, October 2005

Parameter estimation in astronomy through application of the likelihood ratio
journal, March 1979

TeV candidate BL Lac objects
journal, March 2002

Hadronic Production of [CLC]TeV[/CLC] Gamma-Ray Flares from Blazars
journal, March 1997

Extragalactic background light inferred from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions: EBL from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions
journal, October 2010

Simultaneous Constraints on the Spectrum of the Extragalactic Background Light and the Intrinsic TeV Spectra of Markarian 421, Markarian 501, and H1426+428
journal, January 2005

On weak Redshift Dependence of Gamma-Ray Spectra of Distant Blazars
journal, May 2012

Modeling the Extragalactic Background Light from Stars and dust
journal, February 2010

The ROSAT Bright Survey: I. Identification of an AGN sample with hard ROSAT X-ray spectra
journal, January 1998

Correcting for the Effects of Interstellar Extinction
journal, January 1999

New methods of atmospheric Cherenkov imaging for gamma-ray astronomy. I. The false source method
journal, May 1994

A unifying view of the spectral energy distributions of blazars
journal, September 1998

Extragalactic optical-infrared background radiation, its time evolution and the cosmic photon-photon opacity
journal, June 2008

The Swift Gamma‐Ray Burst Mission
journal, August 2004

The blazar sequence: a new perspective
journal, July 2008

GeV gamma-ray attenuation and the high-redshift UV background
journal, November 2009

Opacity of the Universe to High-Energy Photons
journal, March 1967

The Cosmic Infrared Background: Measurements and Implications
journal, September 2001

CGRaBS: An All‐Sky Survey of Gamma‐Ray Blazar Candidates
journal, March 2008

The first VERITAS telescope
journal, July 2006

The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
journal, September 2005

Gamma–hadron separation methods for the VERITAS array of four imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes
journal, July 2006

Radio‐loud Active Galaxies in the Northern ROSAT All‐Sky Survey. III. New Spectroscopic Identifications from the RASS–Green Bank BL Lacertae Survey
journal, September 1998

The RGB Sample of Intermediate BL Lacertae Objects
journal, November 1999

Analysis methods for results in gamma-ray astronomy
journal, September 1983

A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting blazar 3C 279
journal, September 1992

The Likelihood Analysis of EGRET Data
journal, April 1996

Imaging Redshift Estimates for bl Lacertae Objects
journal, February 2010

From the Blazar Sequence to the Blazar Envelope: Revisiting the Relativistic jet Dichotomy in Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, October 2011

Optical identification of ROSAT-FSC sources
journal, March 2006

Modeling the April 1997 flare of Mkn 501
conference, January 2000

Spectral energy distributions of a large sample of BL Lacertae objects
journal, December 2005

FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SECOND SOURCE CATALOG
journal, March 2012

The connection between x-ray- and radio-selected BL Lacertae objects
journal, May 1995

Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT
journal, December 2007

Observational Gamma-ray Cosmology
conference, January 2005

Limits and confidence intervals in the presence of nuisance parameters
journal, October 2005

Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds
journal, June 1998

Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet: The source of gamma rays from blazars?
journal, January 1994

New Upper Limits on Intergalactic Infrared Radiation from High-Energy Astrophysics
journal, September 1993

TeV gamma rays from 3C 279 - A possible probe of origin and intergalactic infrared radiation fields
journal, May 1992

Intergalactic Photon Spectra from the Far‐IR to the UV Lyman Limit for 0 < z < 6 and the Optical Depth of the Universe to High‐Energy Gamma Rays
journal, September 2006

Calibration of the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) for the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
journal, May 1993

ROXA : a new multi-frequency large sample of blazars selected with SDSS and 2dF optical spectroscopy
journal, June 2007

VERITAS: the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System
journal, May 2002

Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
journal, November 2017

BL LAC CANDIDATES FOR TeV OBSERVATIONS
journal, July 2013

Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
text, January 2017

BL Lac candidates for TeV observations
text, January 2013

Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
text, January 2017