Discovery of a new TeV gamma-ray source: VER J0521+211

Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Behera, B.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Bouvier, A.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Byrum, K.; Cesarini, A.; Ciupik, L.; Connolly, M. P.; Cui, W.; Errando, M.; Falcone, A.; Federici, S.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Galante, N.; Gall, D.; Gillanders, G. H.; Griffin, S.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.; Hanna, D.; Holder, J.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Kaaret, P.; Kertzman, M.; Khassen, Y.; Kieda, D.; Krawczynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Kumar, S.; Lang, M. J.; Madhavan, A. S.; Maier, G.; Majumdar, P.; McArthur, S.; McCann, A.; Millis, J.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; O'Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.; Ong, R. A.; Otte, A. N.; Park, N.; Perkins, J. S.; Pohl, M.; Popkow, A.; Prokoph, H.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reyes, L. C.; Reynolds, P. T.; Richards, G. T.; Roache, E.; Saxon, D. B.; Sembroski, G. H.; Smith, A. W.; Staszak, D.; Telezhinsky, I.; Theiling, M.; Varlotta, A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Vincent, S.; Wakely, S. P.; Weekes, T. C.; Weinstein, A.; Welsing, R.; Williams, D. A.; Zitzer, B.; Böttcher, M.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Halpern, J. P.; Kovalev, Y. Y.; Lister, M. L.; Liu, J.; Pushkarev, A. B.; Smith, P. S.

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/69

Title: Discovery of a new TeV gamma-ray source: VER J0521+211

Abstract

Here, we report the detection of a new TeV gamma-ray source, VER J0521+211, based on observations made with the VERITAS imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Array. These observations were motivated by the discovery of a cluster of >30 GeV photons in the first year of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations. VER J0521+211 is relatively bright at TeV energies, with a mean photon flux of (1.93 ± 0.13_stat ± 0.78_sys) × 10^–11 cm^–2 s^–1 above 0.2 TeV during the period of the VERITAS observations. The source is strongly variable on a daily timescale across all wavebands, from optical to TeV, with a peak flux corresponding to ~0.3 times the steady Crab Nebula flux at TeV energies. Follow-up observations in the optical and X-ray bands classify the newly discovered TeV source as a BL Lac-type blazar with uncertain redshift, although recent measurements suggest z = 0.108. VER J0521+211 exhibits all the defining properties of blazars in radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths.

Authors:: Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Behera, B.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Bouvier, A.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Byrum, K.; Cesarini, A.; Ciupik, L.; Connolly, M. P.; Cui, W.; Errando, M.; Falcone, A.; Federici, S.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P. more »« less

Publication Date:: Fri Sep 27 00:00:00 EDT 2013

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

Contributing Org.:: The VERITAS Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1356558

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: The Astrophysical Journal

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 776; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; BL Lacertae objects: individual (VER J0521+211); gamma rays: galaxies

Citation Formats


                    Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Bouvier, A., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Faoláin de Bhróithe, A., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Saxon, D. B., Sembroski, G. H., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Theiling, M., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Böttcher, M., Fegan, S. J., Fortin, P., Halpern, J. P., Kovalev, Y. Y., Lister, M. L., Liu, J., Pushkarev, A. B., and Smith, P. S. Discovery of a new TeV gamma-ray source: VER J0521+211.  United States: N. p., 2013. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/69.

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                    Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Bouvier, A., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Faoláin de Bhróithe, A., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Saxon, D. B., Sembroski, G. H., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Theiling, M., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Böttcher, M., Fegan, S. J., Fortin, P., Halpern, J. P., Kovalev, Y. Y., Lister, M. L., Liu, J., Pushkarev, A. B., & Smith, P. S. Discovery of a new TeV gamma-ray source: VER J0521+211.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/69

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                    Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Bouvier, A., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Faoláin de Bhróithe, A., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Perkins, J. S., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Saxon, D. B., Sembroski, G. H., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Theiling, M., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Böttcher, M., Fegan, S. J., Fortin, P., Halpern, J. P., Kovalev, Y. Y., Lister, M. L., Liu, J., Pushkarev, A. B., and Smith, P. S. Fri .  
"Discovery of a new TeV gamma-ray source: VER J0521+211".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/69.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1356558.

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@article{osti_1356558,

  title        = {Discovery of a new TeV gamma-ray source: VER J0521+211},

  author       = {Archambault, S. and Arlen, T. and Aune, T. and Behera, B. and Beilicke, M. and Benbow, W. and Bird, R. and Bouvier, A. and Buckley, J. H. and Bugaev, V. and Byrum, K. and Cesarini, A. and Ciupik, L. and Connolly, M. P. and Cui, W. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Federici, S. and Feng, Q. and Finley, J. P. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Gillanders, G. H. and Griffin, S. and Grube, J. and Gyuk, G. and Hanna, D. and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Kaaret, P. and Kertzman, M. and Khassen, Y. and Kieda, D. and Krawczynski, H. and Krennrich, F. and Kumar, S. and Lang, M. J. and Madhavan, A. S. and Maier, G. and Majumdar, P. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and Millis, J. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, R. and O'Faoláin de Bhróithe, A. and Ong, R. A. and Otte, A. N. and Park, N. and Perkins, J. S. and Pohl, M. and Popkow, A. and Prokoph, H. and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reyes, L. C. and Reynolds, P. T. and Richards, G. T. and Roache, E. and Saxon, D. B. and Sembroski, G. H. and Smith, A. W. and Staszak, D. and Telezhinsky, I. and Theiling, M. and Varlotta, A. and Vassiliev, V. V. and Vincent, S. and Wakely, S. P. and Weekes, T. C. and Weinstein, A. and Welsing, R. and Williams, D. A. and Zitzer, B. and Böttcher, M. and Fegan, S. J. and Fortin, P. and Halpern, J. P. and Kovalev, Y. Y. and Lister, M. L. and Liu, J. and Pushkarev, A. B. and Smith, P. S.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we report the detection of a new TeV gamma-ray source, VER J0521+211, based on observations made with the VERITAS imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Array. These observations were motivated by the discovery of a cluster of >30 GeV photons in the first year of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations. VER J0521+211 is relatively bright at TeV energies, with a mean photon flux of (1.93 ± 0.13stat ± 0.78sys) × 10–11 cm–2 s–1 above 0.2 TeV during the period of the VERITAS observations. The source is strongly variable on a daily timescale across all wavebands, from optical to TeV, with a peak flux corresponding to ~0.3 times the steady Crab Nebula flux at TeV energies. Follow-up observations in the optical and X-ray bands classify the newly discovered TeV source as a BL Lac-type blazar with uncertain redshift, although recent measurements suggest z = 0.108. VER J0521+211 exhibits all the defining properties of blazars in radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths.},

  doi          = {10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/69},

  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 776,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Sep 27 00:00:00 EDT 2013},

  month        = {Fri Sep 27 00:00:00 EDT 2013}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

GeV-TeV γ $\gamma $ -ray energy spectral break of BL Lac objects
journal, August 2018

Zhong, W.; Liu, W. G.; Zheng, Y. G.
Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 363, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/s10509-018-3397-8

The most powerful flaring activity from the NLSy1 PMN J0948+0022
journal, November 2014

D'Ammando, F.; Orienti, M.; Finke, J.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 446, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu2251

On the Redshift of TeV BL Lac Objects
journal, March 2017

Paiano, Simona; Landoni, Marco; Falomo, Renato
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 837, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/837/2/144

A Decade of Multiwavelength Observations of the TeV Blazar 1ES 1215+303: Extreme Shift of the Synchrotron Peak Frequency and Long-term Optical–Gamma-Ray Flux Increase
journal, March 2020

Valverde, Janeth; Horan, Deirdre; Bernard, Denis
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab765d

The most powerful flaring activity from the NLSy1 PMN J0948+0022
text, January 2015

D'Ammando, F.; Orienti, M.; Finke, J.
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2016-00419

A Decade of Multiwavelength Observations of the TeV Blazar 1ES 1215+303: Extreme Shift of the Synchrotron Peak Frequency and Long-term Optical–Gamma-Ray Flux Increase
text, January 2020

Valverde, Janeth; Horan, Deirdre; Bernard, Denis
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2020-01405

The extragalactic background light, the Hubble constant, and anomalies: conclusions from 20 years of TeV gamma-ray observations
text, January 2015

Biteau, Jonathan; Williams, David A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1502.04166

A decade of multi-wavelength observations of the TeV blazar 1ES 1215+303: Extreme shift of the synchrotron peak frequency and long-term optical-gamma-ray flux increase
text, January 2020

Valverde, Janeth; Horan, Deirdre; Bernard, Denis
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2002.04119

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Title: Discovery of a new TeV gamma-ray source: VER J0521+211

Abstract

Citation Formats

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GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATIONAL PROPERTIES OF TeV-DETECTED BLAZARS journal, January 2013

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The linear polarization of quasi-stellar radio sources at 3.71 and 11.1 centimeters journal, December 1974

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The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise): Mission Description and Initial On-Orbit Performance journal, November 2010

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journal, December 2009

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journal, May 2010

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journal, April 2010

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journal, December 2010

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journal, January 2011

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journal, March 2011

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journal, March 2011

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journal, April 2013

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journal, November 2009

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journal, August 2011

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journal, June 2008

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journal, October 2012

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journal, April 2001

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journal, January 2006

A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by γ-rays from blazars
journal, April 2006

Formation of hard very high energy gamma-ray spectra of blazars due to internal photon-photon absorption
journal, July 2008

VHE γ‐Ray Observation of the Crab Nebula and its Pulsar with the MAGIC Telescope
journal, February 2008

Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from a Distant Quasar: How Transparent Is the Universe?
journal, June 2008

Magic Discovery of very high Energy Emission from the fsrq pks 1222+21
journal, February 2011

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journal, April 2012

Multiwavelength Observations of the Previously Unidentified Blazar rx J0648.7+1516
journal, November 2011

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journal, October 2009

THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE MISSION
journal, May 2009

On the identification of the Fermi /LAT source 0FGL J2001.0+4352 with a BL Lac
journal, July 2009

The VLBA Calibrator Survey—VCS1
journal, July 2002

Background modelling in very-high-energy γ -ray astronomy
journal, April 2007

LEPTONIC AND HADRONIC MODELING OF FERMI -DETECTED BLAZARS
journal, April 2013

The VLA Low-Frequency Sky Survey
journal, July 2007

The NRAO VLA Sky Survey
journal, May 1998

TeV candidate BL Lac objects
journal, March 2002

Model for the High-Energy Emission from Blazars
journal, October 1993

Extragalactic background light inferred from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions: EBL from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions
journal, October 2010

Hard X-ray properties of blazars
journal, September 2001

First Results from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey
journal, April 2009

The Swift Gamma‐Ray Burst Mission
journal, August 2004

The GB6 Catalog of Radio Sources
journal, March 1996

CGRaBS: An All‐Sky Survey of Gamma‐Ray Blazar Candidates
journal, March 2008

The Spectrum of TeV Gamma Rays from the Crab Nebula
journal, August 1998

The status of the HESS project
journal, April 2004

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conference, January 2008

A survey of polarization in the JVAS/CLASS flat-spectrum radio source surveys - I. The data and catalogue production
journal, March 2007

The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
journal, September 2005

Gamma-Ray Emission from two Blazars Behind the Galactic Plane: B2013+370 and B2023+336
journal, February 2012

Hard TeV spectra of blazars and the constraints to the infrared intergalactic background
journal, May 2006

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journal, October 1989

IDENTIFICATION OF THE EARLY FERMI /LAT GAMMA-RAY BRIGHT OBJECTS WITH EXTRAGALACTIC VLBI SOURCES
journal, November 2009

Multiwavelength Observations of Strong Flares from the TeV Blazar 1ES 1959+650
journal, January 2004

Radio-loud active galaxies in the northern ROSAT All-Sky Survey: I. Radio identifications
journal, April 1997

Analysis methods for results in gamma-ray astronomy
journal, September 1983

Mojave: Monitoring of jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with vlba Experiments. v. Multi-Epoch vlba Images
journal, February 2009

Mojave: Monitoring of jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with vlba Experiments. vi. Kinematics Analysis of a Complete Sample of Blazar jets
journal, November 2009

MOJAVE: Monitoring of Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with VLBA Experiments. I. First-Epoch 15 GHz Linear Polarization Images
journal, October 2005

A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting blazar 3C 279
journal, September 1992

Roma-BZCAT: a multifrequency catalogue of blazars
journal, December 2008

Unidentified γ-Ray Sources: Hunting γ-Ray Blazars
journal, May 2012

X-ray spectral evolution of TeV BL Lacertae objects: eleven years of observations with BeppoSAX , XMM-Newton and Swift satellites
journal, December 2007

Break in the Very High Energy Spectrum of PG 1553+113: New Upper Limit on Its Redshift?
journal, January 2007

New limits on the density of the extragalactic background light in the optical to the far infrared from the spectra of all known TeV blazars
journal, June 2007

From the Blazar Sequence to the Blazar Envelope: Revisiting the Relativistic jet Dichotomy in Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, October 2011

Collective Evidence for Inverse Compton Emission from External Photons in High-Power Blazars
journal, May 2012

The USNO-B Catalog
journal, February 2003

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journal, October 2000

Very high-energy γ -ray emission from IC 310
journal, September 2010

FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SECOND SOURCE CATALOG
journal, March 2012

BLAZARS IN THE FERMI ERA: THE OVRO 40 m TELESCOPE MONITORING PROGRAM
journal, May 2011

Studies in Astronomical Time Series Analysis. V. Bayesian Blocks, a New Method to Analyze Structure in Photon Counting Data
journal, September 1998

Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011

Discovery of a sub-megagauss magnetic white dwarf through spectropolarimetry
journal, October 1992

GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATIONAL PROPERTIES OF TeV-DETECTED BLAZARS
journal, January 2013

Spectroscopy of the Largest ever γ-Ray-Selected bl lac Sample
journal, January 2013

Modification of the gamma-ray spectra by internal absorption in optically violently variable blazars: the example cases of 3C 273 and 3C 279
journal, December 2008

Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, June 1995

DISCOVERY OF A GeV BLAZAR SHINING THROUGH THE GALACTIC PLANE
journal, July 2010

The linear polarization of quasi-stellar radio sources at 3.71 and 11.1 centimeters
journal, December 1974

A new catalog of 30,239 1.4 GHz sources
journal, April 1992

The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise): Mission Description and Initial On-Orbit Performance
journal, November 2010

GeV-TeV γ $\gamma $ -ray energy spectral break of BL Lac objects
journal, August 2018

The most powerful flaring activity from the NLSy1 PMN J0948+0022
journal, November 2014

On the Redshift of TeV BL Lac Objects
journal, March 2017

A Decade of Multiwavelength Observations of the TeV Blazar 1ES 1215+303: Extreme Shift of the Synchrotron Peak Frequency and Long-term Optical–Gamma-Ray Flux Increase
journal, March 2020