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Title: First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439

Abstract

We aim to characterize the broadband emission from 2FGL J2001.1+4352, which has been associated with the unknown-redshift blazar MG4 J200112+4352. Based on its gamma-ray spectral properties, it was identified as a potential very high energy (VHE; E> 100 GeV) gamma-ray emitter. We investigate whether this object is aVHE emitter, characterize its gamma-ray spectrum, and study the broadband emission within the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario, which is commonly used to describe the emission in blazars. Moreover, we also intend to determine the redshift of this object, which is a crucial parameter for its scientific interpretation. Here, the source was observed with MAGIC first in 2009 and later in 2010 within a multi-instrument observation campaign. The MAGIC observations yielded 14.8 h of good quality stereoscopic data. Besides MAGIC, the campaign involved, observations with Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT/UVOT, the optical telescopes KVA, Goddard Robotic Telescope, Galaxy View observatory, Crimean Astrophysical observatory, St. Petersburg observatory, and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. The object was monitored at radio, optical and gamma-ray energies during the years 2010 and 2011. We characterize the radio to VHE spectral energy distribution and quantify the multiband variability and correlations over short (few days) and long (many months) timescales. We also organizedmore » deep imaging optical observations with the Nordic Optical Telescope in 2013 to determine the source redshift. As a result, the source, named MAGIC J2001+439, is detected for the first time at VHE with MAGIC at a statistical significance of 6.3σ (E > 70 GeV) during a 1.3 h long observation on 2010 July 16. The multi-instrument observations show variability in all energy bands with the highest amplitude of variability in the X-ray and VHE bands. Besides the variability on few-day timescales, the long-term monitoring of MAGIC J2001+439 shows that, the gamma-ray, optical, and radio emissions gradually decreased on few-month timescales from 2010 through 2011, indicating that at least some of the radio, optical and gamma-ray emission is produced in a single region by the same population of particles. We also determine for the first time the redshift of this BL Lac object through the measurement of its host galaxy during low blazar activity. Using the observational evidence that the luminosities of BL Lac host galaxies are confined to a relatively narrow range, we obtain z = 0.18 ± 0.04. In addition, we use the Fermi-LAT and MAGIC gamma-ray spectra to provide an independent redshift estimation, z = 0.17 ± 0.10. Finally, using the former (more accurate) redshift value, we adequately describe the broadband emission with a one-zone SSC model for different activity states and interpret the few-day timescale variability as produced by changes in the high-energy component of the electron energy distribution.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;  [1]; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. (The MAGIC Collaboration), R.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
Contributing Org.:
The MAGIC Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1356346
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 572; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-6361
Publisher:
EDP Sciences
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: individual: MAGIC J2001+435; BL Lacertae objects: individual: MAGIC J2001+439; gamma rays: galaxies

Citation Formats

Aleksić, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carreto Fidalgo, D., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar-Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Sun, S., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Uellenbeck, M., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, D’Ammando, F., Hovatta, T., Larionov, V. M., Max-Moerbeck, W., Perri, M., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Sakamoto, T., Schwartz, R. D., Verrecchia, F., and Reyes, L. C. First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439. United States: N. p., 2014. Web. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424254.
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Aleksić, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carreto Fidalgo, D., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar-Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Sun, S., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Uellenbeck, M., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, D’Ammando, F., Hovatta, T., Larionov, V. M., Max-Moerbeck, W., Perri, M., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Sakamoto, T., Schwartz, R. D., Verrecchia, F., & Reyes, L. C. First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439. United States. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424254
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Aleksić, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carreto Fidalgo, D., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar-Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Sun, S., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Uellenbeck, M., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, D’Ammando, F., Hovatta, T., Larionov, V. M., Max-Moerbeck, W., Perri, M., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Sakamoto, T., Schwartz, R. D., Verrecchia, F., and Reyes, L. C. Tue . "First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439". United States. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424254. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1356346.
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@article{osti_1356346,
title = {First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439},
author = {Aleksić, J. and Ansoldi, S. and Antonelli, L. A. and Antoranz, P. and Babic, A. and Bangale, P. and Barres de Almeida, U. and Barrio, J. A. and Becerra González, J. and Bednarek, W. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bonnefoy, S. and Bonnoli, G. and Borracci, F. and Bretz, T. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Carreto Fidalgo, D. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J. L. and Cortina, J. and Covino, S. and Da Vela, P. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Caneva, G. and De Lotto, B. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Doert, M. and Domínguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Einecke, S. and Eisenacher, D. and Elsaesser, D. and Farina, E. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M. V. and Font, L. and Frantzen, K. and Fruck, C. and García López, R. J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Garrido Terrats, D. and Gaug, M. and Godinović, N. and González Muñoz, A. and Gozzini, S. R. and Hadasch, D. and Hayashida, M. and Herrera, J. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Idec, W. and Kadenius, V. and Kellermann, H. and Kodani, K. and Konno, Y. and Krause, J. and Kubo, H. and Kushida, J. and La Barbera, A. and Lelas, D. and Lewandowska, N. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and López, M. and López-Coto, R. and López-Oramas, A. and Lorenz, E. and Lozano, I. and Makariev, M. and Mallot, K. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Marcote, B. and Mariotti, M. and Martínez, M. and Mazin, D. and Menzel, U. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J. M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Moralejo, A. and Munar-Adrover, P. and Nakajima, D. and Niedzwiecki, A. and Nilsson, K. and Nishijima, K. and Noda, K. and Nowak, N. and Orito, R. and Overkemping, A. and Paiano, S. and Palatiello, M. and Paneque, D. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J. M. and Paredes-Fortuny, X. and Partini, S. and Persic, M. and Prada, F. and Prada Moroni, P. G. and Prandini, E. and Preziuso, S. and Puljak, I. and Reinthal, R. and Rhode, W. and Ribó, M. and Rico, J. and Rodriguez Garcia, J. and Rügamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, T. and Saito, K. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shore, S. N. and Sillanpää, A. and Sitarek, J. and Snidaric, I. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Stamatescu, V. and Stamerra, A. and Steinbring, T. and Storz, J. and Strzys, M. and Sun, S. and Surić, T. and Takalo, L. and Takami, H. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzić, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Thaele, J. and Tibolla, O. and Torres, D. F. and Toyama, T. and Treves, A. and Uellenbeck, M. and Vogler, P. and Wagner, R. M. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin and D’Ammando, F. and Hovatta, T. and Larionov, V. M. and Max-Moerbeck, W. and Perri, M. and Readhead, A. C. S. and Richards, J. L. and Sakamoto, T. and Schwartz, R. D. and Verrecchia, F. and Reyes, L. C.},
abstractNote = {We aim to characterize the broadband emission from 2FGL J2001.1+4352, which has been associated with the unknown-redshift blazar MG4 J200112+4352. Based on its gamma-ray spectral properties, it was identified as a potential very high energy (VHE; E> 100 GeV) gamma-ray emitter. We investigate whether this object is aVHE emitter, characterize its gamma-ray spectrum, and study the broadband emission within the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario, which is commonly used to describe the emission in blazars. Moreover, we also intend to determine the redshift of this object, which is a crucial parameter for its scientific interpretation. Here, the source was observed with MAGIC first in 2009 and later in 2010 within a multi-instrument observation campaign. The MAGIC observations yielded 14.8 h of good quality stereoscopic data. Besides MAGIC, the campaign involved, observations with Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT/UVOT, the optical telescopes KVA, Goddard Robotic Telescope, Galaxy View observatory, Crimean Astrophysical observatory, St. Petersburg observatory, and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. The object was monitored at radio, optical and gamma-ray energies during the years 2010 and 2011. We characterize the radio to VHE spectral energy distribution and quantify the multiband variability and correlations over short (few days) and long (many months) timescales. We also organized deep imaging optical observations with the Nordic Optical Telescope in 2013 to determine the source redshift. As a result, the source, named MAGIC J2001+439, is detected for the first time at VHE with MAGIC at a statistical significance of 6.3σ (E > 70 GeV) during a 1.3 h long observation on 2010 July 16. The multi-instrument observations show variability in all energy bands with the highest amplitude of variability in the X-ray and VHE bands. Besides the variability on few-day timescales, the long-term monitoring of MAGIC J2001+439 shows that, the gamma-ray, optical, and radio emissions gradually decreased on few-month timescales from 2010 through 2011, indicating that at least some of the radio, optical and gamma-ray emission is produced in a single region by the same population of particles. We also determine for the first time the redshift of this BL Lac object through the measurement of its host galaxy during low blazar activity. Using the observational evidence that the luminosities of BL Lac host galaxies are confined to a relatively narrow range, we obtain z = 0.18 ± 0.04. In addition, we use the Fermi-LAT and MAGIC gamma-ray spectra to provide an independent redshift estimation, z = 0.17 ± 0.10. Finally, using the former (more accurate) redshift value, we adequately describe the broadband emission with a one-zone SSC model for different activity states and interpret the few-day timescale variability as produced by changes in the high-energy component of the electron energy distribution.},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201424254},
journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics},
number = ,
volume = 572,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2014},
month = {Tue Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2014}
}
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Intergalactic Photon Spectra from the Far‐IR to the UV Lyman Limit for 0 < z < 6 and the Optical Depth of the Universe to High‐Energy Gamma Rays
journal, September 2006

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  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 648, Issue 2
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Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet: The source of gamma rays from blazars?
journal, January 1994

  • Sikora, Marek; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Rees, Martin J.
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Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT
journal, December 2007

FERMI /LARGE AREA TELESCOPE BRIGHT GAMMA-RAY SOURCE LIST
journal, June 2009

  • Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 183, Issue 1
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Extragalactic background light inferred from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions: EBL from AEGIS galaxy-SED-type fractions
journal, October 2010

R -band imaging of the host galaxies of RGB BL Lacertae objects
journal, February 2003

The synchrotron-self-Compton process in spherical geometries. I - Theoretical framework
journal, November 1985

  • Band, D. L.; Grindlay, J. E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 298
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A lower-limit flux for the extragalactic background light
journal, June 2010

THE FIRST FERMI -LAT CATALOG OF SOURCES ABOVE 10 GeV
journal, November 2013

  • Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 209, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/209/2/34

A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by γ-rays from blazars
journal, April 2006

  • Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A. G.; Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
  • Nature, Vol. 440, Issue 7087
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Analysis methods for results in gamma-ray astronomy
journal, September 1983

  • Li, T. -P.; Ma, Y. -Q.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 272
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Imaging Redshifts of BL Lacertae Objects
journal, December 2005

  • Sbarufatti, B.; Treves, A.; Falomo, R.
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Deep Broadband Observations of the Distant Gamma-Ray Blazar pks 1424+240
journal, March 2014

On the identification of the Fermi /LAT source 0FGL J2001.0+4352 with a BL Lac
journal, July 2009

On characterizing the variability properties of X-ray light curves from active galaxies
journal, November 2003

Unfolding of differential energy spectra in the MAGIC experiment
journal, December 2007

  • Albert, J.; Aliu, E.; Anderhub, H.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 583, Issue 2-3
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Contemporaneous observations of the radio galaxy NGC 1275 from radio to very high energy γ -rays
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Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
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Constraining blazar distances with combined Fermi and TeV data: an empirical approach: Blazar distance indications from gamma-rays
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Performance of the MAGIC stereo system obtained with Crab Nebula data
journal, February 2012

THE SWIFT /BAT HARD X-RAY TRANSIENT MONITOR
journal, October 2013

  • Krimm, H. A.; Holland, S. T.; Corbet, R. H. D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 209, Issue 1
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BLAZARS IN THE FERMI ERA: THE OVRO 40 m TELESCOPE MONITORING PROGRAM
journal, May 2011

  • Richards, Joseph L.; Max-Moerbeck, Walter; Pavlidou, Vasiliki
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 194, Issue 2
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THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON ORBIT: EVENT CLASSIFICATION, INSTRUMENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS, AND CALIBRATION
journal, October 2012

  • Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Albert, A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 203, Issue 1
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BL Lac objects in the synchrotron proton blazar model
journal, March 2003

Two‐dimensional Photometric Decomposition of the TeV BL Lacertae Objects Markarian 421, Markarian 501, and 1ES 2344+514
journal, October 1999

  • Nilsson,  K.; Pursimo, T.; Takalo, L. O.
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 111, Issue 764
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    The extreme HBL behaviour of Markarian 501 during 2012
    text, January 2018

    • Ahnen, M. L.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2019-00102

    Multiband variability studies and novel broadband SED modeling of Mrk 501 in 2009
    journal, July 2017

    3FHL: The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources
    text, January 2017

    Optical polarization of high-energy BL Lacertae objects
    journal, December 2016

    Multiband variability studies and novel broadband SED modeling of Mrk 501 in 2009
    text, January 2017

    • Ahnen, M. L.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2017-09408

    Extreme HBL behavior of Markarian 501 during 2012
    journal, December 2018

    Study of the variable broadband emission of Markarian 501 during the most extreme Swift X-ray activity
    journal, May 2020

    Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012
    journal, June 2016

    3FHL: The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi -LAT Sources
    journal, September 2017

    • Ajello, M.; Atwood, W. B.; Baldini, L.
    • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 232, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aa8221

    Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April
    journal, June 2020

    • Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
    • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 248, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab89b5

    3FHL: The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi -LAT Sources
    text, January 2017

    Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012
    text, January 2016

    • Aleksić, J.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2016-06242

    Optical polarization of high-energy BL Lac objects
    text, January 2016

    Multiband variability studies and novel broadband SED modeling of Mrk 501 in 2009
    text, January 2016

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