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Title: The TANAMI Multiwavelength Program: Dynamic spectral energy distributions of southern blazars

Abstract

Simultaneous broadband spectral and temporal studies of blazars are an important tool for investigating active galactic nuclei (AGN) jet physics. Aims. Here, we study the spectral evolution between quiescent and flaring periods of 22 radio-loud AGN through multiepoch, quasi-simultaneous broadband spectra. For many of these sources these are the first broadband studies. We also use a Bayesian block analysis of Fermi/LAT light curves to determine time ranges of constant flux for constructing quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The shapes of the resulting 81 SEDs are described by two logarithmic parabolas and a blackbody spectrum where needed. The peak frequencies and luminosities agree well with the blazar sequence for low states with higher luminosity implying lower peak frequencies. This is not true for sources in high states. The γ-ray photon index in Fermi/LAT correlates with the synchrotron peak frequency in low and intermediate states. No correlation is present in high states. The black hole mass cannot be determined from the SEDs. Surprisingly, the thermal excess often found in FSRQs at optical/UV wavelengths can be described by blackbody emission and not an accretion disk spectrum. The so-called harder-when-brighter trend, typically seen in X-ray spectra of flaring blazars, is visible in the blazarmore » sequence. Furthermore, our results for low and intermediate states, as well as the Compton dominance, are in agreement with previous results. Black hole mass estimates using recently published parameters are in agreement with some of the more direct measurements. For two sources, estimates disagree by more than four orders of magnitude, possibly owing to boosting effects. The shapes of the thermal excess seen predominantly in flat spectrum radio quasars are inconsistent with a direct accretion disk origin.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [1];  [6];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [1];  [9];  [8];  [10];  [2];  [2];  [8];  [1];  [11];  [12] more »;  [13];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [14];  [15];  [11];  [16];  [17];  [6];  [12];  [18];  [6];  [11] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Bamberg (Germany); Univ. of Wurzburg (Germany). Inst. for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics
  2. Univ. of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Bamberg (Germany)
  3. Univ. of Wurzburg (Germany). Inst. for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics
  4. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD (United States); The Catholic Univ. of America, Washington, DC (United States)
  5. Univ. of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Bamberg (Germany); Univ. of Wurzburg (Germany). Inst. for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics; ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo (Netherlands)
  6. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Epping (Australia)
  7. Max Planck Inst. for Radio Astronomy, Bonn (Germany); Univ. of Valencia (Spain). Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Astronomic Observatory
  8. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  9. Univ. of Concepcion, Casilla (Chile). Dept. of Astronomy
  10. The Catholic Univ. of America, Washington, DC (United States)
  11. Auckland Univ. of Technology (New Zealand). Inst. for Radio Astronomy and Space Research
  12. Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Kotzting (Germany)
  13. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Tuggeranong (Australia)
  14. Univ. of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS (Australia). School of Mathematics and Physics
  15. Radboud Univ., Nijmegen (Netherlands). Dept. of Astrophysics/ IMAPP
  16. National Inst. of Astrophysics (INAF-IAPS), Rome (Italy)
  17. Nordic Optical Telescope, Santa Cruz (Spain)
  18. Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy, Krugersdorp (South Africa)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); German Research Foundation (DFG)
OSTI Identifier:
1355706
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; NNH09ZDA001N; NH10ZDA001N; NNH12ZDA001N; NNH13ZDA001N-FERMI; WI 1860-10/1
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 591; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-6361
Publisher:
EDP Sciences
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: general; quasars: general; relativistic processes

Citation Formats

Krauß, F., Wilms, J., Kadler, M., Ojha, R., Schulz, R., Trüstedt, J., Edwards, P. G., Stevens, J., Ros, E., Baumgartner, W., Beuchert, T., Blanchard, J., Buson, S., Carpenter, B., Dauser, T., Falkner, S., Gehrels, N., Gräfe, C., Gulyaev, S., Hase, H., Horiuchi, S., Kreikenbohm, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Langejahn, M., Leiter, K., Lovell, J. E. J., Müller, C., Natusch, T., Nesci, R., Pursimo, T., Phillips, C., Plötz, C., Quick, J., Tzioumis, A. K., and Weston, S. The TANAMI Multiwavelength Program: Dynamic spectral energy distributions of southern blazars. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628595.
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Krauß, F., Wilms, J., Kadler, M., Ojha, R., Schulz, R., Trüstedt, J., Edwards, P. G., Stevens, J., Ros, E., Baumgartner, W., Beuchert, T., Blanchard, J., Buson, S., Carpenter, B., Dauser, T., Falkner, S., Gehrels, N., Gräfe, C., Gulyaev, S., Hase, H., Horiuchi, S., Kreikenbohm, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Langejahn, M., Leiter, K., Lovell, J. E. J., Müller, C., Natusch, T., Nesci, R., Pursimo, T., Phillips, C., Plötz, C., Quick, J., Tzioumis, A. K., & Weston, S. The TANAMI Multiwavelength Program: Dynamic spectral energy distributions of southern blazars. United States. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628595
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Krauß, F., Wilms, J., Kadler, M., Ojha, R., Schulz, R., Trüstedt, J., Edwards, P. G., Stevens, J., Ros, E., Baumgartner, W., Beuchert, T., Blanchard, J., Buson, S., Carpenter, B., Dauser, T., Falkner, S., Gehrels, N., Gräfe, C., Gulyaev, S., Hase, H., Horiuchi, S., Kreikenbohm, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Langejahn, M., Leiter, K., Lovell, J. E. J., Müller, C., Natusch, T., Nesci, R., Pursimo, T., Phillips, C., Plötz, C., Quick, J., Tzioumis, A. K., and Weston, S. Tue . "The TANAMI Multiwavelength Program: Dynamic spectral energy distributions of southern blazars". United States. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628595. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1355706.
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@article{osti_1355706,
title = {The TANAMI Multiwavelength Program: Dynamic spectral energy distributions of southern blazars},
author = {Krauß, F. and Wilms, J. and Kadler, M. and Ojha, R. and Schulz, R. and Trüstedt, J. and Edwards, P. G. and Stevens, J. and Ros, E. and Baumgartner, W. and Beuchert, T. and Blanchard, J. and Buson, S. and Carpenter, B. and Dauser, T. and Falkner, S. and Gehrels, N. and Gräfe, C. and Gulyaev, S. and Hase, H. and Horiuchi, S. and Kreikenbohm, A. and Kreykenbohm, I. and Langejahn, M. and Leiter, K. and Lovell, J. E. J. and Müller, C. and Natusch, T. and Nesci, R. and Pursimo, T. and Phillips, C. and Plötz, C. and Quick, J. and Tzioumis, A. K. and Weston, S.},
abstractNote = {Simultaneous broadband spectral and temporal studies of blazars are an important tool for investigating active galactic nuclei (AGN) jet physics. Aims. Here, we study the spectral evolution between quiescent and flaring periods of 22 radio-loud AGN through multiepoch, quasi-simultaneous broadband spectra. For many of these sources these are the first broadband studies. We also use a Bayesian block analysis of Fermi/LAT light curves to determine time ranges of constant flux for constructing quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The shapes of the resulting 81 SEDs are described by two logarithmic parabolas and a blackbody spectrum where needed. The peak frequencies and luminosities agree well with the blazar sequence for low states with higher luminosity implying lower peak frequencies. This is not true for sources in high states. The γ-ray photon index in Fermi/LAT correlates with the synchrotron peak frequency in low and intermediate states. No correlation is present in high states. The black hole mass cannot be determined from the SEDs. Surprisingly, the thermal excess often found in FSRQs at optical/UV wavelengths can be described by blackbody emission and not an accretion disk spectrum. The so-called harder-when-brighter trend, typically seen in X-ray spectra of flaring blazars, is visible in the blazar sequence. Furthermore, our results for low and intermediate states, as well as the Compton dominance, are in agreement with previous results. Black hole mass estimates using recently published parameters are in agreement with some of the more direct measurements. For two sources, estimates disagree by more than four orders of magnitude, possibly owing to boosting effects. The shapes of the thermal excess seen predominantly in flat spectrum radio quasars are inconsistent with a direct accretion disk origin.},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201628595},
journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics},
number = ,
volume = 591,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jun 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Jun 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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PKS 2005-489 at VHE: four years of monitoring with HESS and simultaneous multi-wavelength observations
journal, February 2010

Synchrotron Self‐Compton Analysis of TeV X‐Ray‐Selected BL Lacertae Objects
journal, October 2008

  • Finke, Justin D.; Dermer, Charles D.; Böttcher, Markus
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 686, Issue 1
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PKS 1502+106: A NEW AND DISTANT GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR IN OUTBURST DISCOVERED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE
journal, January 2010

The redshift of the BL Lacertae object PKS 2005-489
journal, July 1987

  • Falomo, R.; Maraschi, L.; Treves, A.
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Evolution of BL Lacertae host galaxies
journal, April 2004

Discovery of VHE gamma rays from PKS 2005–489
journal, May 2005

Unified Models for Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars
journal, September 1993

THE 70 MONTH SWIFT -BAT ALL-SKY HARD X-RAY SURVEY
journal, July 2013

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NuSTAR AND MULTIFREQUENCY STUDY OF THE TWO HIGH-REDSHIFT BLAZARS S5 0836+710 AND PKS 2149–306
journal, July 2015

Spectroscopy of Broad-Line Blazars from 1lac
journal, March 2012

Is the “IR Coincidence” Just That?
journal, June 2005

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Unveiling the nature of the γ-ray emitting active galactic nucleus PKS 0521−36
journal, May 2015

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The ‘harder when brighter’ X-ray behaviour of the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus NGC 7213: NGC 7213: ‘harder when brighter’ X-ray behaviour
journal, June 2012

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Filling the infrared gap: ISO observations of 1 Jy BL Lacertae objects
journal, August 2006

A Composite HST Spectrum of Quasars
journal, February 1997

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  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 475, Issue 2
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Multiwavelength Observations of a Dramatic High‐Energy Flare in the Blazar 3C 279
journal, April 1998

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  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 497, Issue 1
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A New System of Faint Near-Infrared Standard Stars
journal, November 1998

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Redshifts for Southern Quasars
journal, October 1975

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Redshifts of southern radio sources. VII
journal, April 1988

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A unifying view of the spectral energy distributions of blazars
journal, September 1998

The Fundamental Plane of Accretion onto Black Holes with Dynamical Masses
journal, October 2009

The VLBA Calibrator Survey—VCS1
journal, July 2002

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  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 141, Issue 1
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CHANDRA /HETGS OBSERVATIONS OF THE BRIGHTEST FLARE SEEN FROM Sgr A*
journal, October 2012

Jets, black holes and disks in blazars
journal, January 2013

THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE MISSION
journal, May 2009

X-Ray Emission from Radio-quiet Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Early Data Release: The α[TINF][CLC]ox[/CLC][/TINF] Dependence upon Ultraviolet Luminosity
journal, February 2003

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Continuum and line fluxes of OJ287 at minimum light
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High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Active Galaxies: EGRET Observations and Their Implications
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[ITAL]BeppoSAX[/ITAL] Observations of Unprecedented Synchrotron Activity in the BL Lacertae Object Markarian 501
journal, January 1998

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TANAMI: tracking active galactic nuclei with austral milliarcsecond interferometry: I. First-epoch 8.4 GHz images
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When Is BL Lac Not a BL Lac?
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SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS OF PKS 2155–304 WITH HESS, FERMI , RXTE , AND ATOM: SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND VARIABILITY IN A LOW STATE
journal, April 2009

Multiwavelength observations of Mrk 501 in 2008
journal, December 2014

The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)
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MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF 3C 454.3. I. THE AGILE 2007 NOVEMBER CAMPAIGN ON THE “ CRAZY DIAMOND ”
journal, December 2008

Refining the fundamental plane of accreting black holes
journal, August 2006

The 6dF Galaxy Survey: samples, observational techniques and the first data release
journal, December 2004

The multiwavelength variability of 3C 273
journal, May 2008

On the cosmological evolution of the X-ray emission from quasars
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Long-term monitoring of PKS 0537−441 with Fermi–LAT and multiwavelength observations
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Continuum energy distribution of quasars - Shapes and origins
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Simultaneous Planck , Swift , and Fermi observations of X-ray and γ -ray selected blazars
journal, May 2012

Nanodiamond Dust and the Far‐Ultraviolet Quasar Break
journal, October 2005

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Swift and infra-red observations of the blazar 3C 454.3 during the giant X-ray flare of May 2005
journal, September 2006

Long-Term Monitoring of mrk 501 for its very high Energy γ Emission and a Flare in 2011 October
journal, September 2012

A simplified view of blazars: clearing the fog around long-standing selection effects: A simplified view of blazars
journal, February 2012

A Composite Extreme‐Ultraviolet QSO Spectrum from FUSE
journal, November 2004

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  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 615, Issue 1
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Studies in Astronomical time Series Analysis. vi. Bayesian Block Representations
journal, February 2013

FIRST-EPOCH VLBA IMAGING OF 20 NEW TeV BLAZARS
journal, November 2014

Methods for Estimating Fluxes and Absorptions of Faint X-Ray Sources
journal, December 2009

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The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise): Mission Description and Initial On-Orbit Performance
journal, November 2010

THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON ORBIT: EVENT CLASSIFICATION, INSTRUMENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS, AND CALIBRATION
journal, October 2012

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  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 203, Issue 1
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LOW-MASS AGNs AND THEIR RELATION TO THE FUNDAMENTAL PLANE OF BLACK HOLE ACCRETION
journal, May 2014

Quasars and the Big Blue Bump
journal, January 2005

  • Shang, Zhaohui; Brotherton, Michael S.; Green, Richard F.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 619, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/426134

INNOVATIONS IN THE ANALYSIS OF CHANDRA -ACIS OBSERVATIONS
journal, April 2010

European Southern Observatory very Large Telescope Optical Spectroscopy of bl Lacertae Objects. iii. an Extension of the Sample
journal, December 2008

Review of Particle Physics
text, January 2008

Leptonic and Hadronic Modeling of Fermi-Detected Blazars: Spectral Energy Distribution Modeling and High-Energy Polarization Predictions
journal, January 2013

Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of Markarian 421: The Missing Piece of its Spectral Energy Distribution
text, January 2011

First NuStar Observations of MRK 501 within a Radio to TeV Multi-Instrument Campaign
text, January 2015

Review of Particle Physics
text, January 2012

  • Beringer, J.; Arguin, J.; Barnett, R.
  • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
  • DOI: 10.3204/phppubdb-24149

CGRaBS: An All-Sky Survey of Gamma-Ray Blazar Candidates
text, January 2007

Synchrotron Self-Compton Analysis of TeV X-ray Selected BL Lacertae Objects
text, January 2008

Constraining Emission Models of Luminous Blazar Sources
text, January 2009

The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi bright blazars
text, January 2009

PKS 1502+106: a new and distant gamma-ray blazar in outburst discovered by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
text, January 2009

Probing the Inner Jet of the Quasar PKS 1510-089 with Multi-waveband Monitoring during Strong Gamma-ray Activity
text, January 2010

Optical and Near Infrared Monitoring of the Black-Hole X-ray Binary GX 339-4 During 2002-2010
text, January 2012

Studies in Astronomical Time Series Analysis. VI. Bayesian Block Representations
text, January 2012

Chandra-HETGS Observations of the Brightest Flare Seen from Sgr A*
text, January 2012

Compton Dominance and the Blazar Sequence
text, January 2012

Leptonic and Hadronic Modeling of Fermi-Detected Blazars
text, January 2013

Multi-Wavelength Observations of PKS 2142-75 during Active and Quiescent Gamma-Ray States
text, January 2013

The Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Activity in the Optical Band
text, January 2015

Multi-wavelength study of flaring activity in BL Lac object S5 0716+714 during 2015 outburst
text, January 2015

Refining the fundamental plane of accreting black holes
text, January 2006

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Breaking degeneracy in jet dynamics: multi-epoch joint modelling of the BL Lac PKS 2155–304
    journal, October 2018

    • Lucchini, M.; Markoff, S.; Crumley, P.
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    General Physical Properties of CGRaBS Blazars
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    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 851, Issue 1
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    Characteristic Variability Timescales in the Gamma-Ray Power Spectra of Blazars
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    • Ryan, J. L.; Siemiginowska, A.; Sobolewska, M. A.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab426a

    On the Jet Properties of γ -Ray-loud Active Galactic Nuclei
    journal, April 2018

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