A study on the entrainment and mixing process in the continental stratocumulus clouds measured during the RACORO campaign
Abstract
Entrainment and mixing processes and their effects on cloud microphysics in the continental stratocumulus clouds observed in Oklahoma during the RACORO campaign are analyzed in the frame of homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixing concepts by combining the approaches of microphysical correlation, mixing diagram, and transition scale (number). A total of 110 horizontally penetrated cloud segments is analyzed in this paper. Mixing diagram and cloud microphysical relationship analyses show homogeneous mixing trait of positive relationship between liquid water content (L) and mean volume of droplets (V) (i.e., smaller droplets in more diluted parcel) in most cloud segments. Relatively small temperature and humidity differences between the entraining air from above the cloud top and cloudy air and relatively large turbulent dissipation rate are found to be responsible for this finding. The related scale parameters (i.e., transition length and transition scale number) are relatively large, which also indicates high likelihood of homogeneous mixing. Finally, clear positive relationship between L and vertical velocity (W) for some cloud segments is suggested to be evidence of vertical circulation mixing, which may further enhance the positive relationship between L and V created by homogeneous mixing.
- Authors:
-
- Yonsei Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Environmental and Climate Sciences Dept.
- Nanjing Univ. of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) (China). Key Lab. of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education. CMA Key Lab. for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Yonsei Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Korea Meteorological Administration (Korea, Republic of)
- Contributing Org.:
- Nanjing Univ. of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) (China)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1354694
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1419394
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-113795-2017-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 0169-8095; R&D Project: 2016-BNL-EE630EECA-Budg; KP1701000
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC00112704; 91537108; KMIPA 2015-2061
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Atmospheric Research
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 194; Journal ID: ISSN 0169-8095
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Entrainment; Continental stratocumulus; Mixing process; Aircraft measurement
Citation Formats
Yeom, Jae Min, Yum, Seong Soo, Liu, Yangang, and Lu, Chunsong. A study on the entrainment and mixing process in the continental stratocumulus clouds measured during the RACORO campaign. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.04.028.
Yeom, Jae Min, Yum, Seong Soo, Liu, Yangang, & Lu, Chunsong. A study on the entrainment and mixing process in the continental stratocumulus clouds measured during the RACORO campaign. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.04.028
Yeom, Jae Min, Yum, Seong Soo, Liu, Yangang, and Lu, Chunsong. Thu .
"A study on the entrainment and mixing process in the continental stratocumulus clouds measured during the RACORO campaign". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.04.028. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1354694.
@article{osti_1354694,
title = {A study on the entrainment and mixing process in the continental stratocumulus clouds measured during the RACORO campaign},
author = {Yeom, Jae Min and Yum, Seong Soo and Liu, Yangang and Lu, Chunsong},
abstractNote = {Entrainment and mixing processes and their effects on cloud microphysics in the continental stratocumulus clouds observed in Oklahoma during the RACORO campaign are analyzed in the frame of homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixing concepts by combining the approaches of microphysical correlation, mixing diagram, and transition scale (number). A total of 110 horizontally penetrated cloud segments is analyzed in this paper. Mixing diagram and cloud microphysical relationship analyses show homogeneous mixing trait of positive relationship between liquid water content (L) and mean volume of droplets (V) (i.e., smaller droplets in more diluted parcel) in most cloud segments. Relatively small temperature and humidity differences between the entraining air from above the cloud top and cloudy air and relatively large turbulent dissipation rate are found to be responsible for this finding. The related scale parameters (i.e., transition length and transition scale number) are relatively large, which also indicates high likelihood of homogeneous mixing. Finally, clear positive relationship between L and vertical velocity (W) for some cloud segments is suggested to be evidence of vertical circulation mixing, which may further enhance the positive relationship between L and V created by homogeneous mixing.},
doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.04.028},
journal = {Atmospheric Research},
number = ,
volume = 194,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Racoro Extended-Term Aircraft Observations of Boundary Layer Clouds
journal, June 2012
- Vogelmann, Andrew M.; McFarquhar, Greg M.; Ogren, John A.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 93, Issue 6
Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Mixing in Cumulus Clouds: Dependence on Local Turbulence Structure
journal, December 2009
- Lehmann, Katrin; Siebert, Holger; Shaw, Raymond A.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 66, Issue 12
Calibration and data retrieval algorithms for the NASA Langley/Ames Diode Laser Hygrometer for the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission
journal, January 2003
- Podolske, James R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue D20
Entrainment, Mixing, and Microphysics in Trade-Wind Cumulus
journal, January 2008
- E. Gerber, Hermann; M. Frick, Glendon; B. Jensen, Jorgen
- Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 86A
Holes and Entrainment in Stratocumulus
journal, February 2005
- Gerber, H.; Frick, G.; Malinowski, S. P.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 62, Issue 2
Observational Study of the Entrainment-Mixing Process in Warm Convective Clouds
journal, June 2007
- Burnet, Frédéric; Brenguier, Jean-Louis
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 64, Issue 6
Holographic measurements of inhomogeneous cloud mixing at the centimeter scale
journal, October 2015
- Beals, Matthew J.; Fugal, Jacob P.; Shaw, Raymond A.
- Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6256
Examination of turbulent entrainment-mixing mechanisms using a combined approach
journal, January 2011
- Lu, Chunsong; Liu, Yangang; Niu, Shengjie
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, Issue D20
Small scale mixing processes at the top of a marine stratocumulus—a case study
journal, January 2007
- Haman, Krzysztof E.; Malinowski, Szymon P.; Kurowski, Marcin J.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 133, Issue 622
Observations of marine stratocumulus microphysics and implications for processes controlling droplet spectra: Results from the Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment
journal, January 2009
- Wang, Jian; Daum, Peter H.; Yum, Seong Soo
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, Issue D18
Statistical analysis of microphysical properties and the parameterization of effective radius of warm clouds in Beijing area
journal, August 2009
- Deng, Zhaoze; Zhao, Chunsheng; Zhang, Qiang
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 93, Issue 4
Scale dependence of entrainment-mixing mechanisms in cumulus clouds: Scale dependence of mixing mechanisms
journal, December 2014
- Lu, Chunsong; Liu, Yangang; Niu, Shengjie
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 119, Issue 24
Microphysical relationships in warm clouds
journal, March 2001
- Yum, Seong Soo; Hudson, James G.
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 57, Issue 2
Microphysical properties of stratocumulus clouds
journal, September 2000
- Pawlowska, Hanna; Brenguier, J. L.; Burnet, Frederic
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 55, Issue 1
Estimating the Evaporative Cooling Bias of an Airborne Reverse Flow Thermometer
journal, January 2009
- Wang, Yonggang; Geerts, Bart
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Observation of the spectrally invariant properties of clouds in cloudy-to-clear transition zones during the MAGIC field campaign
journal, December 2016
- Yang, Weidong; Marshak, Alexander; McBride, Patrick J.
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 182
Open-path airborne tunable diode laser hygrometer
conference, September 2002
- Diskin, Glenn S.; Podolske, James R.; Sachse, Glen W.
- International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, SPIE Proceedings
Growth of Cloud Droplets in a Turbulent Environment
journal, January 2013
- Grabowski, Wojciech W.; Wang, Lian-Ping
- Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 45, Issue 1
Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion
journal, July 1968
- Lilly, D. K.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 94, Issue 401
Adiabatic predictions and observations of cloud droplet spectral broadness
journal, February 2005
- Yum, Seong Soo; Hudson, James G.
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 73, Issue 3-4
Droplet growth in warm turbulent clouds
journal, February 2012
- Devenish, B. J.; Bartello, P.; Brenguier, J. -L.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 138, Issue 667
The influence of entrainment on the evolution of cloud droplet spectra: I. A model of inhomogeneous mixing
journal, July 1980
- Baker, M. B.; Corbin, R. G.; Latham, J.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 106, Issue 449
Numerical simulations of stratocumulus cloud response to aerosol perturbation
journal, April 2014
- Andrejczuk, M.; Gadian, A.; Blyth, A.
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 140-141
Study of longwave radiative transfer in stratocumulus clouds by using bin optical properties and bin microphysics scheme
journal, January 2016
- Lábó, E.; Geresdi, I.
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 167
Cloud microphysical relationships and their implication on entrainment and mixing mechanism for the stratocumulus clouds measured during the VOCALS project: CLOUD MICROPHYSICS - ENTRAINMENT, MIXING
journal, May 2015
- Yum, Seong Soo; Wang, Jian; Liu, Yangang
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 10
Warm-Rain Initiation: An Overview of Microphysical Mechanisms
journal, April 1993
- Beard, Kenneth V.; Ochs, Harry T.
- Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 32, Issue 4
Cloud Top Entrainment Instability
journal, January 1980
- Deardorff, J. W.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 37, Issue 1
Overestimates of Entrainment From Wetting of Aircraft Temperature Sensors in Cloud
journal, January 1979
- Heymsfield, Andrew J.; Dye, James E.; Biter, Cleon J.
- Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 18, Issue 1
Droplet Spectral Broadening in Marine Stratus
journal, November 1997
- Hudson, James G.; Yum, Seong Soo
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 54, Issue 22
Performance of Some Airborne Thermometers in Clouds
journal, June 1990
- Lawson, R. Paul; Cooper, William A.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 3
On the Difficulty of Measuring Temperature and Humidity in Cloud: Comments on “Shallow Convection on Day 261 of GATE: Mesoscale Arcs”
journal, October 1980
- Lemone, Margaret A.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 108, Issue 10
On the Measurement of In-Cloud and Wet-Bulb Temperatures from an Aircraft
journal, June 1974
- Lenschow, D. H.; Pennell, W. T.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 102, Issue 6
On Size Distributions of Cloud Droplets Growing by Condensation: A New Conceptual Model
journal, February 1998
- Liu, Yangang; Hallett, John
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 55, Issue 4
A Generalized Systems Theory for the Effect of Varying Fluctuations on Cloud Droplet Size Distributions
journal, July 2002
- Liu, Yangang; Daum, Peter H.; Hallett, John
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 59, Issue 14
Turbulent Characteristics of Some Canadian Cumulus Clouds
journal, January 1977
- MacPherson, J. I.; Isaac, G. A.
- Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 16, Issue 1
The Entrainment Mechanism in Colorado Cumuli
journal, December 1979
- Paluch, Ilga R.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 36, Issue 12
Conditional Instability of the First Kind Upside-Down
journal, January 1980
- Randall, David A.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 37, Issue 1
The Microstructure of Cumulus Cloud: Part IV. The Effect on the Droplet Spectrum of Mixing Between Cloud and Environment
journal, March 1973
- Warner, J.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 30, Issue 2
Works referencing / citing this record:
On Which Microphysical Time Scales to Use in Studies of Entrainment‐Mixing Mechanisms in Clouds
journal, April 2018
- Lu, Chunsong; Liu, Yangang; Zhu, Bin
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 7
Cloud Adiabaticity and Its Relationship to Marine Stratocumulus Characteristics Over the Northeast Pacific Ocean
journal, December 2018
- Braun, Rachel A.; Dadashazar, Hossein; MacDonald, Alexander B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 24