Chlorination of low-band-gap polymers: Toward high-performance polymer solar cells
Abstract
Here, halogenation is an effective way to tune the energy levels of organic semiconducting materials. To date, fluorination of organic semiconducting materials to fabricate polymer solar cells (PSCs) has been used far more than chlorination; however, fluorine exchange reactions suffer from low yields and the resulting fluorinated polymer always comes with higher price, which will greatly hinder their commercial applications. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of chlorinated donor-acceptor (D-A) type polymers, in which benzo[1,2-b:4,5- b]dithiophene and chlorinated benzothiadiazole units are connected by thiophene π-bridges with an asymmetric alkyl chain. These chlorinated polymers showed deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, which promoted the efficiency of their corresponding PSCs by increasing the device open circuit voltage. The asymmetric alkyl chain on the thiophene moieties gave the final polymer sufficient solubility for solution processing and strong π-π stacking in films allowed for high mobility. Although the introduction of a large chlorine atom increased the torsion angle of the polymer backbone, the chlorinated polymers maintained high crystallinity and a favorable backbone orientation in the blended films. These factors contributed to respectable device performances from thick-film devices, which showed PCEs as high as 9.11% for a 250 nm-thick active layer. These resultsmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[4];
[1]
- South Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen (People's Republic of China)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
- State Key Lab. of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin Univ., Changchun (People's Republic of China)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States); The Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1352927
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Chemistry of Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 29; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Citation Formats
Mo, Daize, Wang, Huan, Chen, Hui, Qu, Shiwei, Chao, Pengjie, Yang, Zhen, Tian, Leilei, Su, Yu -An, Gao, Yu, Yang, Bing, Chen, Wei, and He, Feng. Chlorination of low-band-gap polymers: Toward high-performance polymer solar cells. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04828.
Mo, Daize, Wang, Huan, Chen, Hui, Qu, Shiwei, Chao, Pengjie, Yang, Zhen, Tian, Leilei, Su, Yu -An, Gao, Yu, Yang, Bing, Chen, Wei, & He, Feng. Chlorination of low-band-gap polymers: Toward high-performance polymer solar cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04828
Mo, Daize, Wang, Huan, Chen, Hui, Qu, Shiwei, Chao, Pengjie, Yang, Zhen, Tian, Leilei, Su, Yu -An, Gao, Yu, Yang, Bing, Chen, Wei, and He, Feng. Wed .
"Chlorination of low-band-gap polymers: Toward high-performance polymer solar cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04828. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1352927.
@article{osti_1352927,
title = {Chlorination of low-band-gap polymers: Toward high-performance polymer solar cells},
author = {Mo, Daize and Wang, Huan and Chen, Hui and Qu, Shiwei and Chao, Pengjie and Yang, Zhen and Tian, Leilei and Su, Yu -An and Gao, Yu and Yang, Bing and Chen, Wei and He, Feng},
abstractNote = {Here, halogenation is an effective way to tune the energy levels of organic semiconducting materials. To date, fluorination of organic semiconducting materials to fabricate polymer solar cells (PSCs) has been used far more than chlorination; however, fluorine exchange reactions suffer from low yields and the resulting fluorinated polymer always comes with higher price, which will greatly hinder their commercial applications. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of chlorinated donor-acceptor (D-A) type polymers, in which benzo[1,2-b:4,5- b]dithiophene and chlorinated benzothiadiazole units are connected by thiophene π-bridges with an asymmetric alkyl chain. These chlorinated polymers showed deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, which promoted the efficiency of their corresponding PSCs by increasing the device open circuit voltage. The asymmetric alkyl chain on the thiophene moieties gave the final polymer sufficient solubility for solution processing and strong π-π stacking in films allowed for high mobility. Although the introduction of a large chlorine atom increased the torsion angle of the polymer backbone, the chlorinated polymers maintained high crystallinity and a favorable backbone orientation in the blended films. These factors contributed to respectable device performances from thick-film devices, which showed PCEs as high as 9.11% for a 250 nm-thick active layer. These results demonstrate that chlorination is a promising method to fine tune the energy levels of conjugated polymers, and chlorinated benzothiadiazole may be a versatile building block in materials for efficient solar energy conversion.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04828},
journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
number = 7,
volume = 29,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Mar 08 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Wed Mar 08 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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